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Rajput M, Kumar M, Pareek N. Myco-chitinases as versatile biocatalysts for translation of coastal residual resources to eco-competent chito-bioactives. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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2
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Xu J, Zhang N, Wang K, Xian Q, Dong J, Qi X, Chen X. Chitinase Chi 2 Positively Regulates Cucumber Resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:62. [PMID: 35052402 PMCID: PMC8775131 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an important vegetable crop worldwide, and Fusarium wilt (FW), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (Foc), severely restricts cucumber growth and yield. Accumulating lines of evidence indicate that chitinases play important roles in attacking the invading fungal pathogens through catalyzing their cell wall degradation. Here, we identified the chitinase (Chi) genes in cucumber and further screened the FW-responsive genes via a comparative transcriptome analysis and found that six common genes were predominantly expressed in roots but also significantly upregulated after Foc infection. Expression verification further conformed that Chi2 and Chi14 were obviously induced by Foc as well as by hormone treatments, compared with the controls. The purified Chi2 and Chi14 proteins significantly affected the growth of Foc in vitro, compared with the controls. Knockdown of Chi2 in cucumber by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) increased susceptibility to FW, compared with the Chi14-silenced and control plants, and silencing of Chi2 drastically impaired gene activation in the jasmonic acid pathway, suggesting that the Chi2 gene might play positive roles in cucumber FW defense and, therefore, can provide a gene resource for developing cucumber-FW-resistance breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.X.); (N.Z.); (K.W.); (Q.X.); (J.D.); (X.Q.)
| | - Ningyuan Zhang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.X.); (N.Z.); (K.W.); (Q.X.); (J.D.); (X.Q.)
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.X.); (N.Z.); (K.W.); (Q.X.); (J.D.); (X.Q.)
| | - Qianqian Xian
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.X.); (N.Z.); (K.W.); (Q.X.); (J.D.); (X.Q.)
| | - Jingping Dong
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.X.); (N.Z.); (K.W.); (Q.X.); (J.D.); (X.Q.)
| | - Xiaohua Qi
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.X.); (N.Z.); (K.W.); (Q.X.); (J.D.); (X.Q.)
| | - Xuehao Chen
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.X.); (N.Z.); (K.W.); (Q.X.); (J.D.); (X.Q.)
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin 300192, China
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Navarro-González SS, Ramírez-Trujillo JA, Peña-Chora G, Gaytán P, Roldán-Salgado A, Corzo G, Lina-García LP, Hernández-Velázquez VM, Suárez-Rodríguez R. Enhanced Tolerance against a Fungal Pathogen and Insect Resistance in Transgenic Tobacco Plants Overexpressing an Endochitinase Gene from Serratia marcescens. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3482. [PMID: 31315176 PMCID: PMC6679225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we cloned a chitinase gene (SmchiC), from Serratia marcescens isolated from the corpse of a Diatraea magnifactella lepidopteran, which is an important sugarcane pest. The chitinase gene SmchiC amplified from the S. marcescens genome was cloned into the transformation vector p2X35SChiC and used to transform tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Petit Havana SR1). The resistance of these transgenic plants to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea and to the pest Spodoptera frugiperda was evaluated: both the activity of chitinase as well as the resistance against B. cinerea and S. frugiperda was significantly higher in transgenic plants compared to the wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Sarai Navarro-González
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - José Augusto Ramírez-Trujillo
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Peña-Chora
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Paul Gaytán
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Abigail Roldán-Salgado
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Corzo
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Laura Patricia Lina-García
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Víctor Manuel Hernández-Velázquez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Ramón Suárez-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
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Wang Y, Zou W, Xiao Y, Cheng L, Liu Y, Gao S, Shi Z, Jiang Y, Qi M, Xu T, Li T. MicroRNA1917 targets CTR4 splice variants to regulate ethylene responses in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:1011-1025. [PMID: 29365162 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene perception is regulated by receptors, and the downstream protein CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE1 is a key suppressor of ethylene signalling. The non-conserved tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) microRNA1917 (Sly-miR1917) mediates degradation of SlCTR4 splice variants (SlCTR4sv) but the molecular details of this pathway remain unknown. Sly-miR1917 and the targeted SlCTR4sv are ubiquitously expressed in all tomato organs. Overexpression of Sly-miR1917 enhances ethylene responses, including the triple response in etiolated seedlings, in the absence of ethylene, as well as epinastic petiole growth, accelerated pedicel abscission, and fruit ripening. Enhanced ethylene signalling in Sly-miR1917-overexpressing plants (1917-OE) is accompanied by up-regulation of ethylene biosynthesis and signalling genes, and increased ethylene emission. These phenotypes were recovered by repressing the positive ethylene regulator EIN2. Moreover, the Sly-miR1917-targeted SlCTR4 splice variant SlCTR4sv3, expressed specifically in the abscission zone, exhibited the opposite expression pattern to Sly-miR1917. Complementation of the Arabidopsis thaliana ctr-1 mutant and yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays suggested that SlCTR4sv3 functions in ethylene signalling. Co-expression of Sly-miR1917 and SlCTR4sv3 in Nicotiana benthamiana further suggested that Sly-miR1917 cleaves SlCTR4sv3 in vivo. Database homology searching revealed a Solanum tuberosum CTR-like splice variant containing a Sly-miR1917 binding sequence, and a homologue of mature Sly-miR1917 in potato, indicating a conserved function for miR1917 and the regulatory miRNA-mediated ethylene network in solanaceous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenxiong Zou
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Lina Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Song Gao
- Liaoning Cash Crop Institute, Liaoyang, China
| | - Zihang Shi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingfang Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
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Elamathi E, Malathi P, Viswanathan R, Ramesh Sundar A. Expression analysis on mycoparasitism related genes during antagonism of Trichoderma with Colletotrichum falcatum causing red rot in sugarcane. JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13562-018-0444-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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6
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Kashyap PL, Rai P, Srivastava AK, Kumar S. Trichoderma for climate resilient agriculture. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:155. [PMID: 28695465 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is one of the biggest challenges of the twenty-first century for sustainable agricultural production. Several reports highlighted the need for better agricultural practices and use of eco-friendly methods for sustainable crop production under such situations. In this context, Trichoderma species could be a model fungus to sustain crop productivity. Currently, these are widely used as inoculants for biocontrol, biofertilization, and phytostimulation. They are reported to improve photosynthetic efficiency, enhance nutrient uptake and increase nitrogen use efficiency in crops. Moreover, they can be used to produce bio-energy, facilitate plants for adaptation and mitigate adverse effect of climate change. The technological advancement in high throughput DNA sequencing and biotechnology provided deep insight into the complex and diverse biotic interactions established in nature by Trichoderma spp. and efforts are being made to translate this knowledge to enhance crop growth, resistance to disease and tolerance to abiotic stresses under field conditions. The discovery of several traits and genes that are involved in the beneficial effects of Trichoderma spp. has resulted in better understanding of the performance of bioinoculants in the field, and will lead to more efficient use of these strains and possibly to their improvement by genetic modification. The present mini-review is an effort to elucidate the molecular basis of plant growth promotion and defence activation by Trichoderma spp. to garner broad perspectives regarding their functioning and applicability for climate resilient agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Lal Kashyap
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, 132001, India. .,ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, Uttar Pradesh, 275103, India.
| | - Pallavi Rai
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, Uttar Pradesh, 275103, India
| | - Alok Kumar Srivastava
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, Uttar Pradesh, 275103, India
| | - Sudheer Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, 132001, India
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Xu J, Xu X, Tian L, Wang G, Zhang X, Wang X, Guo W. Discovery and identification of candidate genes from the chitinase gene family for Verticillium dahliae resistance in cotton. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29022. [PMID: 27354165 PMCID: PMC4926273 DOI: 10.1038/srep29022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae, a destructive and soil-borne fungal pathogen, causes massive losses in cotton yields. However, the resistance mechanism to V. dahilae in cotton is still poorly understood. Accumulating evidence indicates that chitinases are crucial hydrolytic enzymes, which attack fungal pathogens by catalyzing the fungal cell wall degradation. As a large gene family, to date, the chitinase genes (Chis) have not been systematically analyzed and effectively utilized in cotton. Here, we identified 47, 49, 92, and 116 Chis from four sequenced cotton species, diploid Gossypium raimondii (D5), G. arboreum (A2), tetraploid G. hirsutum acc. TM-1 (AD1), and G. barbadense acc. 3-79 (AD2), respectively. The orthologous genes were not one-to-one correspondence in the diploid and tetraploid cotton species, implying changes in the number of Chis in different cotton species during the evolution of Gossypium. Phylogenetic classification indicated that these Chis could be classified into six groups, with distinguishable structural characteristics. The expression patterns of Chis indicated their various expressions in different organs and tissues, and in the V. dahliae response. Silencing of Chi23, Chi32, or Chi47 in cotton significantly impaired the resistance to V. dahliae, suggesting these genes might act as positive regulators in disease resistance to V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Liangliang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wangzhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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8
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Kamble S, Mukherjee PK, Eapen S. Expression of an endochitinase gene from Trichoderma virens confers enhanced tolerance to Alternaria blight in transgenic Brassica juncea (L.) czern and coss lines. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 22:69-76. [PMID: 27186020 PMCID: PMC4840152 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-016-0340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An endochitinase gene 'ech42' from the biocontrol fungus 'Trichoderma virens' was introduced to Brassica juncea (L). Czern and Coss via Agrobaterium tumefaciens mediated genetic transformation method. Integration and expression of the 'ech42' gene in transgenic lines were confirmed by PCR, RT-PCR and Southern hybridization. Transgenic lines (T1) showed expected 3:1 Mendelian segregation ratio when segregation analysis for inheritance of transgene 'hpt' was carried out. Fluorimetric analysis of transgenic lines (T0 and T1) showed 7 fold higher endochitinase activity than the non-transformed plant. Fluorimetric zymogram showed presence of endochitinase (42 kDa) in crude protein extract of transgenic lines. In detached leaf bioassay with fungi Alternaria brassicae and Alternaria brassicicola, transgenic lines (T0 and T1) showed delayed onset of lesions as well as 30-73 % reduction in infected leaf area compared to non-transformed plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchita Kamble
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085 India
| | - Prasun K. Mukherjee
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085 India
| | - Susan Eapen
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085 India
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Gerszberg A, Hnatuszko-Konka K, Kowalczyk T. In vitro regeneration of eight cultivars of Brassica oleracea var. capitata. IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY. PLANT : JOURNAL OF THE TISSUE CULTURE ASSOCIATION 2015; 51:80-87. [PMID: 25774081 DOI: 10.1007/s11240-014-0664-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Eight cultivars of Brassica oleracea var. capitata and two types of explant (hypocotyl and cotyledon) were tested for their potential to regenerate under in vitro conditions. Hypocotyl and cotyledon explants from 10-d-old seedlings were subcultured onto different callus induction media based on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 1% sucrose and different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators. Hypocotyl explants were found to be more suitable for callus induction and organogenesis than cotyledon explants for all cultivars tested. In terms of regeneration, the cv. 'Amager' was significantly more responsive than the other cultivars tested and produced the highest number of shoots/buds per explant. Moreover, among five types of media tested, MS + 8.88 μM 6-benzyloaminopurine (BAP) + 0.53 μM α-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) was most effective for shoot regeneration. Rooting was achieved within 10-15 d on all the rooting media, but MS medium containing 5.37 μM NAA produced the maximum number of strong and healthy roots. Plantlets (95%) were subsequently established in the greenhouse, and no phenotypic variations were observed among regenerated plants. This plant regeneration protocol could be suitable for a wide range of cabbage cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Gerszberg
- Department of Genetics Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hnatuszko-Konka
- Department of Genetics Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Genetics Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
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Nicolás C, Hermosa R, Rubio B, Mukherjee PK, Monte E. Trichoderma genes in plants for stress tolerance- status and prospects. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 228:71-8. [PMID: 25438787 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Many filamentous fungi from the genus Trichoderma are well known for their anti-microbial properties. Certain genes from Trichoderma spp. have been identified and transferred to plants for improving biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, as well for applications in bioremediation. Several Trichoderma genomes have been sequenced and many are in the pipeline, facilitating high throughput gene analysis and increasing the availability of candidate transgenes. This, coupled with improved plant transformation systems, is expected to usher in a new era in plant biotechnology where several genes from these antagonistic fungi can be transferred into plants to achieve enhanced stress tolerance, bioremediation activity, herbicide tolerance, and reduction of phytotoxins. In this review, we illustrate the major achievements made by transforming plants with Trichoderma genes as well as their possible mode of action. Moreover, examples of efficient application of genetically modified plants as biofactories to produce active Trichoderma enzymes are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Nicolás
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, C/Río Duero 12, Campus de Villamayor, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rosa Hermosa
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Centro Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, C/Río Duero 12, Campus de Villamayor, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Belén Rubio
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Centro Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, C/Río Duero 12, Campus de Villamayor, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Prasun K Mukherjee
- NuclearAgriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - Enrique Monte
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Centro Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, C/Río Duero 12, Campus de Villamayor, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
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11
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Dixit P, Mukherjee PK, Sherkhane PD, Kale SP, Eapen S. Enhanced tolerance and remediation of anthracene by transgenic tobacco plants expressing a fungal glutathione transferase gene. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 192:270-6. [PMID: 21621917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants can be used for remediation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, which are known to be a major concern for human health. Metabolism of xenobiotic compounds in plants occurs in three phases and glutathione transferases (GST) mediate phase II of xenobiotic transformation. Plants, although have GSTs, they are not very efficient for degradation of exogenous recalcitrant xenobiotics including polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Hence, heterologous expression of efficient GSTs in plants may improve their remediation and degradation potential of xenobiotics. In the present study, we investigated the potential of transgenic tobacco plants expressing a Trichoderma virens GST for tolerance, remediation and degradation of anthracene-a recalcitrant polyaromatic hydrocarbon. Transgenic plants with fungal GST showed enhanced tolerance to anthracene compared to control plants. Remediation of (14)C uniformly labeled anthracene from solutions and soil by transgenic tobacco plants was higher compared to wild-type plants. Transgenic plants (T(0) and T(1)) degraded anthracene to naphthalene derivatives, while no such degradation was observed in wild-type plants. The present work has shown that in planta expression of a fungal GST in tobacco imparted enhanced tolerance as well as higher remediation potential of anthracene compared to wild-type plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachy Dixit
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
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12
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Dixit P, Mukherjee PK, Ramachandran V, Eapen S. Glutathione transferase from Trichoderma virens enhances cadmium tolerance without enhancing its accumulation in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16360. [PMID: 21283689 PMCID: PMC3024989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) is a major heavy metal pollutant which is highly toxic to plants and animals. Vast agricultural areas worldwide are contaminated with Cd. Plants take up Cd and through the food chain it reaches humans and causes toxicity. It is ideal to develop plants tolerant to Cd, without enhanced accumulation in the edible parts for human consumption. Glutathione transferases (GST) are a family of multifunctional enzymes known to have important roles in combating oxidative stresses induced by various heavy metals including Cd. Some GSTs are also known to function as glutathione peroxidases. Overexpression/heterologous expression of GSTs is expected to result in plants tolerant to heavy metals such as Cd. RESULTS Here, we report cloning of a glutathione transferase gene from Trichoderma virens, a biocontrol fungus and introducing it into Nicotiana tabacum plants by Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. Transgenic nature of the plants was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization and expression by reverse transcription PCR. Transgene (TvGST) showed single gene Mendelian inheritance. When transgenic plants expressing TvGST gene were exposed to different concentrations of Cd, they were found to be more tolerant compared to wild type plants, with transgenic plants showing lower levels of lipid peroxidation. Levels of different antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione transferase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, guiacol peroxidase and catalase showed enhanced levels in transgenic plants expressing TvGST compared to control plants, when exposed to Cd. Cadmium accumulation in the plant biomass in transgenic plants were similar or lower than wild-type plants. CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest that transgenic tobacco plants expressing a Trichoderma virens GST are more tolerant to Cd, without enhancing its accumulation in the plant biomass. It should be possible to extend the present results to crop plants for developing Cd tolerance and in limiting Cd availability in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachy Dixit
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Prasun K. Mukherjee
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - V. Ramachandran
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Susan Eapen
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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