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Alexopoulos AA, Kartsonas E, Karras S, Mavrommati E, Petropoulos SA, Papafotiou M. In Vitro Propagation of Origanum scabrum (Boiss. & Heldr.): An Endemic Medicinal Plant of Greece. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112118. [PMID: 37299098 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop an efficient micropropagation protocol of Origanum scabrum, which will allow its commercial exploitation in the pharmaceutical and horticultural industries. First, the effect of the date of the explant collection (20 April, 20 May, 20 June, 20 July, 20 August) and the position of the explant on the plant stem (shoot apex, 1st node, 3rd node, 5th node) on the establishment of in vitro cultures was studied (1st experiment: Stage I). Next, the effect of temperature (15 °C, 25 °C) and the node position (microshoot apex, 1st node, 5th node) on the microplant production and ex vitro survival of plantlets was studied (2nd experiment: Stage II). The optimum season to collect explants from wild plants was shown to be during the vegetative growth of the plants (April to May), while the shoot apex and the 1st node were the most suitable explants. For the proliferation and production of rooted microplants, the best results were obtained from single-node explants excised from microshoots produced from 1st node-explants collected on 20th of May. Temperature did not affect microshoot number, leaf number and the percentage of rooted microplants, while microshoot length was higher at 25 °C. Moreover, microshoot length and the percentage of rooted microplants were higher in those derived from apex explants, while the survival of plantlets was not affected by treatments and ranged between 67% and 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexios A Alexopoulos
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 241 00 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Epaminondas Kartsonas
- Laboratory of Floriculture, Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 241 00 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Stavros Karras
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 241 00 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Eleni Mavrommati
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 241 00 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 384 46 Volos, Greece
| | - Maria Papafotiou
- Laboratory of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
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Thidiazuron Induced In Vitro Clonal Propagation of Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers.—An Important Avenue Tree. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A high throughput regeneration protocol has been developed for Lagerstroemia speciosa through node explants under the regime of various plant growth regulators (PGRs). This protocol can provide an alternative mode to seed-grown plants and minimize the cost–time of regeneration, significantly. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing various combinations of PGRs exhibited a marked stimulatory effect on morphogenesis. Of the various combinations tried, node explant pretreated with thidiazuron (TDZ; 5.0 µM) for 4 weeks and followed with transfer into MS medium containing 1.0 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.25 μM α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) was reported to be the best treatment as it resulted in a maximum number of 24.5 shoots with an average shoot length of 7.1 cm per explant in 90% of cultures after 12 weeks of incubation. The in vitro-generated shoots rooted satisfactorily in the adopted ex vitro method of rooting, which saves time and cost. Among the different treatments, the greatest rooting percentage (85%) was observed in the 200 μM IBA-treated shoots, with the highest root number (8.7) and length (3.4 cm) occurring after 4 weeks. Four months after being transferred to ex vitro, some of the physiological attributes of the in vitro-propagated plants were examined and compared to the ex vitro plants. Further, analysis of the genetic integrity in tissue culture-raised plantlets along with the parental tree was accomplished through DNA-based RAPD technique. The monomorphic banding pattern obtained by the RAPD primers resulted in a high level of genetic uniformity in regenerated plants.
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Biotechnological Advances in Pharmacognosy and In Vitro Manipulation of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030247. [PMID: 35161227 PMCID: PMC8839240 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Trees are vital resources for economic, environmental, and industrial growth, supporting human life directly or indirectly through a wide variety of therapeutic compounds, commodities, and ecological services. Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. (Fabaceae) is one of the most valuable multipurpose forest trees in India and Sri Lanka, as it is cultivated for quality wood as well as pharmaceutically bioactive compounds, especially from the stem bark and heartwood. However, propagation of the tree in natural conditions is difficult due to the low percentage of seed germination coupled with overexploitation of this species for its excellent multipurpose properties. This overexploitation has ultimately led to the inclusion of P. marsupium on the list of endangered plant species. However, recent developments in plant biotechnology may offer a solution to the overuse of such valuable species if such advances are accompanied by technology transfer in the developing world. Specifically, techniques in micropropagation, genetic manipulation, DNA barcoding, drug extraction, delivery, and targeting as well as standardization, are of substantial concern. To date, there are no comprehensive and detailed reviews of P. marsupium in terms of biotechnological research developments, specifically pharmacognosy, pharmacology, tissue culture, authentication of genuine species, and basic gene transfer studies. Thus, the present review attempts to present a comprehensive overview of the biotechnological studies centered on this species and some of the recent novel approaches for its genetic improvement.
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Teixeira da Silva JA, Nezami-Alanagh E, Barreal ME, Kher MM, Wicaksono A, Gulyás A, Hidvégi N, Magyar-Tábori K, Mendler-Drienyovszki N, Márton L, Landín M, Gallego PP, Driver JA, Dobránszki J. Shoot tip necrosis of in vitro plant cultures: a reappraisal of possible causes and solutions. PLANTA 2020; 252:47. [PMID: 32885282 PMCID: PMC7471112 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Shoot tip necrosis is a physiological condition that negatively impacts the growth and development of in vitro plant shoot cultures across a wide range of species. Shoot tip necrosis is a physiological condition and disorder that can arise in plantlets or shoots in vitro that results in death of the shoot tip. This condition, which can spread basipetally and affect the emergence of axillary shoots from buds lower down the stem, is due to the cessation of apical dominance. STN can occur at both shoot multiplication and rooting stages. One of the most common factors that cause STN is nutrient deficiency or imbalance. Moreover, the presence or absence of plant growth regulators (auxins or cytokinins) at specific developmental stages may impact STN. The cytokinin to auxin ratio within an in vitro plant can be modified by varying the concentration of cytokinins used in the culture medium. The supply of nutrients to in vitro shoots or plantlets might also affect their hormonal balance, thus modifying the occurrence of STN. High relative humidity within culture vessels and hyperhydricity are associated with STN. An adequate supply of calcium as the divalent cation (Ca2+) can hinder STN by inhibiting the accumulation of phenolic compounds and thus programmed cell death. Moreover, the level of Ca2+ affects auxin transport and ethylene production, and higher ethylene production, which can occur as a result of high relative humidity in or poor ventilation of the in vitro culture vessel, induces STN. High relative humidity can decrease the mobility of Ca2+ within a plant, resulting in Ca2+ deficiency and STN. STN of in vitro shoots or plantlets can be halted or reversed by altering the basal medium, mainly the concentration of Ca2+, adjusting the levels of auxins or cytokinins, or modifying culture conditions. This review examines the literature related to STN, seeks to discover the associated factors and relations between them, proposes practical solutions, and attempts to better understand the mechanism(s) underlying this condition in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Teixeira da Silva
- , Miki-cho Post Office, 3011-2, P. O. Box 7, Ikenobe, Kagawa-ken, 761-0799, Japan.
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, IAREF, University of Debrecen, P. O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary.
| | - Esmaeil Nezami-Alanagh
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
- Pinar Biotech. Co., Ltd., East Azarbaijan Science and Technology Park , Tabriz, Iran
| | - María E Barreal
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Mafatlal M Kher
- School of Science (SOS), GSFC University, P. O. Fertilizernagar, Vadodara, 391750, Gujarat, India
| | - Adhityo Wicaksono
- Division of Biotechnology, Generasi Biologi Indonesia (Genbinesia) Foundation, Jl. Swadaya Barat No. 4, Gresik Regency, 61171, Indonesia.
| | - Andrea Gulyás
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, IAREF, University of Debrecen, P. O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary
| | - Norbert Hidvégi
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, IAREF, University of Debrecen, P. O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary
| | - Katalin Magyar-Tábori
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, IAREF, University of Debrecen, P. O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary
| | - Nóra Mendler-Drienyovszki
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, IAREF, University of Debrecen, P. O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary
| | - László Márton
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, IAREF, University of Debrecen, P. O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary
| | - Mariana Landín
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pedro Pablo Gallego
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - John A Driver
- Driver Consulting Inc., 2601 Tim Bell Road, Waterford, CA, 95386, USA
| | - Judit Dobránszki
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, IAREF, University of Debrecen, P. O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary
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Thorat AS, Sonone NA, Choudhari VV, Devarumath RM, Babu KH. Plant regeneration from cell suspension culture in Saccharum officinarum L. and ascertaining of genetic fidelity through RAPD and ISSR markers. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:16. [PMID: 28391480 PMCID: PMC5385170 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to produce sugarcane plantlets from cell suspension culture and study its genetic fidelity using molecular markers. The study was carried out using sugarcane varieties Co 86032 and Q117. Callus cultures of both the varieties were optimized using six different callus induction media. After screening the growth response of callus on six different callus induction media, it was observed that medium no. VI supplemented with 500 mg l−1 of each PVP, Casein hydrolysate and MES buffer showed high amounts of callus in Co 86032 (79.66 ± 0.44%) and Q117 (82.83 ± 1.69%). Addition of PEG 8000 at 2.5% to this medium had a profound impact on inducing somatic embryogenesis in Co 86032 (54.66 ± 1.76%) and Q117 (66.66 ± 2.60%) as compare to control (24.33 ± 1.76%) and (27.33 ± 2.73%), respectively. Cell suspension cultures were established by culturing embryogenic calli in liquid medium showed well established suspension cultures with fever cell aggregates. There was negligible cell division during initial 2 days of incubation and cell count increased rapidly between 2 and 8 days. Further incubation beyond 8 days resulted in a decrease in cell viability. Enhanced callus proliferation in Q117 while enhanced shoot regeneration in Co 86032 was observed from cell suspension culture. The clonal fidelity of in vitro regenerated plants was assessed by using RAPD and ISSR markers. Analysis of the ten RAPD markers indicated that 90.48 and 86.95% true-to-type regenerated plantlets in Co 86032 and Q117, respectively. However, in the ISSR markers, Co 86032 did not show any polymorphism and in the Q117, 92.18% true-to-type plantlets were found. These results confirmed that somaclonal variation occurs during the process of indirect organogenesis and RAPD and ISSR marker based molecular analysis is a suitable method for an early detection of variation in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash S Thorat
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Section, Vasantdada Sugar Institute, Manjari (Bk), Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nishant A Sonone
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Section, Vasantdada Sugar Institute, Manjari (Bk), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vrushali V Choudhari
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Section, Vasantdada Sugar Institute, Manjari (Bk), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rachayya M Devarumath
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Section, Vasantdada Sugar Institute, Manjari (Bk), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - K Harinath Babu
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Section, Vasantdada Sugar Institute, Manjari (Bk), Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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