1
|
Bansal R, Sahoo SA, Barvkar VT, Srivastava AK, Mukherjee PK. Trichoderma virens exerts herbicidal effect on Arabidopsis thaliana via modulation of amino acid metabolism. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 332:111702. [PMID: 37030329 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma virens is a plant beneficial fungus well-known for its biocontrol, herbicidal and growth promotion activity. Earlier, we identified HAS (HA-synthase, a terpene cyclase) and GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) to be involved in the production of multiple non-volatiles and non-volatile+volatile metabolites, respectively. The present study delineates the function of HAS and GAPDH in regulating herbicidal activity, using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Under axenic conditions, rosette-biomass of seedlings co-cultivated with ΔHAS (HASR) and ΔGAPDH (GAPDHR) was higher than WT-Trichoderma (WTR) as well as non-colonized control (NoTR), even though the root colonization ability was reduced. However, HASR biomass was still higher than those of GAPDHR, indicating that blocking volatiles will not provide any additional contribution over non-volatile metabolites for Trichoderma-induced herbicidal activity. LC-MS analysis revealed that loss of herbicidal activity of ΔHAS/ΔGAPDH was associated with an increase in the levels of amino acids, which coincided with reduced expression levels of amino-acid catabolism and anabolism related genes in HASR/GAPDHR. RNAi-mediated suppression of an oxidoreductase gene, VDN5, specifically prevented viridin-to-viridiol conversion. Additionally, vdn5 mimics ΔHAS, in terms of amino-acid metabolism gene expression and partially abolishes the herbicidal property of WT-Trichoderma. Thus, the study provides mechanistic frame-work for better utilization of Trichoderma virens for biocontrol purposes, balancing between plant growth promotion and herbicidal activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Bansal
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400085, India
| | - Sripati Abhiram Sahoo
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400085, India; Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur 492012, India
| | | | - Ashish Kumar Srivastava
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - Prasun Kumar Mukherjee
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
G. R, Naik MK, Nitnavare RB, Yeshvekar R, Bhattacharya J, Bhatnagar-Mathur P, Sharma M. Genetic enhancement of Trichoderma asperellum biocontrol potentials and carbendazim tolerance for chickpea dry root rot disease management. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280064. [PMID: 36652427 PMCID: PMC9847978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in biocontrol potentials and fungicide resistance are highly desirable for Trichoderma. Thus, it is profitable to use mutagenic agents to develop superior strains with enhanced biocontrol properties and fungicide tolerance in Trichoderma. This study investigates the N-methyl-n-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) (100 mg/L) induced mutants of Trichoderma asperellum. Six NTG (3 each from 1st & 2nd round) induced mutants were developed and evaluated their biocontrol activities and carbendazim tolerance. Among the mutant N2-3, N2-1, N1 and N2-2 gave the best antagonistic and volatile metabolite activities on inhibition of chickpea F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, B. cinerea and R. bataticola mycelium under in vitro condition. Mutant N2-2 (5626.40 μg/ml) showed the highest EC50 value against carbendazim followed by N2-3 (206.36 μg/ml) and N2-1 (16.41 μg/ml); and succeeded to sporulate even at 2000 μg/ml of carbendazim. The biocontrol activity of N2-2 and N2 with half-dose of carbendazim was evaluated on chickpea dry root rot under controlled environment. Disease reduction and progress of the dry root rot was extremely low in T7 (N2-2 + with half-dose of carbendazim) treatment. Further, carbendazim resistant mutants demonstrated mutation in tub2 gene of β-tubulin family which was suggested through the 37 and 183 residue changes in the superimposed protein structures encoded by tub2 gene in N2 and N2-2 with WT respectively. This study conclusively implies that the enhanced carbendazim tolerance in N2-2 mutant did not affect the mycoparasitism and plant growth activity of Trichoderma. These mutants were as good as the wild-type with respect to all inherent attributes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramangouda G.
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - M. K. Naik
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - Rahul B. Nitnavare
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Richa Yeshvekar
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Joorie Bhattacharya
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pooja Bhatnagar-Mathur
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Mamta Sharma
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gupta SVK, Smith PMC, Natera SHA, Roessner U. Biochemical Changes in Two Barley Genotypes Inoculated With a Beneficial Fungus Trichoderma harzianum Rifai T-22 Grown in Saline Soil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:908853. [PMID: 35982702 PMCID: PMC9379338 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.908853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important environmental factors impacting crop plant productivity is soil salinity. Fungal endophytes have been characterised as biocontrol agents that help in plant productivity and induce resistance responses to several abiotic stresses, including salinity. In the salt-tolerant cereal crop barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), there is limited information about the metabolites and lipids that change in response to inoculation with fungal endophytes in saline conditions. In this study, gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and LC-electrospray ionisation (ESI)-quadrupole-quadrupole time of flight (QqTOF)-MS were used to determine the metabolite and lipid changes in two fungal inoculated barley genotypes with differing tolerance levels to saline conditions. The more salt-tolerant cultivar was Vlamingh and less salt tolerant was Gairdner. Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 was used to treat these plants grown in soil under control and saline (200 mM NaCl) conditions. For both genotypes, fungus-colonised plants exposed to NaCl had greater root and shoot biomass, and better chlorophyll content than non-colonised plants, with colonised-Vlamingh performing better than uninoculated control plants. The metabolome dataset using GC-MS consisted of a total of 93 metabolites of which 74 were identified in roots of both barley genotypes as organic acids, sugars, sugar acids, sugar alcohols, amino acids, amines, and a small number of fatty acids. LC-QqTOF-MS analysis resulted in the detection of 186 lipid molecular species, classified into three major lipid classes-glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids, and sphingolipids, from roots of both genotypes. In Cultivar Vlamingh both metabolites and lipids increased with fungus and salt treatment while in Gairdner they decreased. The results from this study suggest that the metabolic pathways by which the fungus imparts salt tolerance is different for the different genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Siria H. A. Natera
- Metabolomics Australia, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Marra R, Lombardi N, Piccolo A, Bazghaleh N, Prashar P, Vandenberg A, Woo S. Mineral Biofortification and Growth Stimulation of Lentil Plants Inoculated with Trichoderma Strains and Metabolites. Microorganisms 2021; 10:87. [PMID: 35056535 PMCID: PMC8779936 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofortification of crops via agricultural interventions represents an excellent way to supply micronutrients in poor rural populations, who highly suffer from these deficiencies. Soil microbes can directly influence plant growth and productivity, e.g., by contrasting plant pathogens or facilitating micronutrient assimilation in harvested crop-food products. Among these microbial communities, Trichoderma fungi are well-known examples of plant symbionts widely used in agriculture as biofertilizers or biocontrol agents. In this work, eleven Trichoderma strains and/or their bioactive metabolites (BAMs) were applied to lentil plants to evaluate their effects on plant growth and mineral content in greenhouse or field experiments. Our results indicated that, depending upon the different combinations of fungal strain and/or BAM, the mode of treatment (seed and/or watering), as well as the supplementary watering with solutions of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), the mineral absorption was differentially affected in treated plants compared with the water controls. In greenhouse conditions, the largest increase in Fe and Zn contents occurred when the compounds were applied to the seeds and the strains (in particular, T. afroharzianum T22, T. harzianum TH1, and T. virens GV41) to the soil. In field experiments, Fe and Zn contents increased in plants treated with T. asperellum strain KV906 or the hydrophobin HYTLO1 compared with controls. Both selected fungal strains and BAMs applications improved seed germination and crop yield. This biotechnology may represent an important challenge for natural biofortification of crops, thus reducing the risk of nutrient deficiencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Marra
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (N.L.); (A.P.)
- Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Nadia Lombardi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (N.L.); (A.P.)
- Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Piccolo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (N.L.); (A.P.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) for the Environment, Agro-Food and New Materials (CERMANU), University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Navid Bazghaleh
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A8, Canada; (N.B.); (P.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Pratibha Prashar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A8, Canada; (N.B.); (P.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Albert Vandenberg
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A8, Canada; (N.B.); (P.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Sheridan Woo
- Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, 80055 Portici, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Metwally RA, Soliman SA, Abdel Latef AAH, Abdelhameed RE. The individual and interactive role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Trichoderma viride on growth, protein content, amino acids fractionation, and phosphatases enzyme activities of onion plants amended with fish waste. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 214:112072. [PMID: 33691243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The Green Revolution faced a great cost to meet ever-increasing demands for food, where indiscriminate use of agrochemicals resulted in non-friendly habitats. Therefore, the development of a sustainable approach to better crop production of onion seeds (Allium cepa L.) is very crucial. It is time to use organic waste as a replacement for agrochemicals by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Trichoderma. Fish waste as representative of food waste acts as a leading cause of contamination of the environment. The interaction of AMF and Trichoderma viride on biomass, total soluble protein, mycorrhizal colonization, amino acids, phosphatases and phosphorus and nitrogen contents of onion plants grown in fish waste amended soil was studied. Fish waste has caused a slight increase in onions biomass, total free amino acids, and soluble protein content while with AMF and T. viride dual inoculation more increments were recorded; such increases were related to an increase in mycorrhizal colonization. T. viride application significantly increased the mycorrhizal colonization levels, but these were significantly reduced with waste addition. Analysis of amino acids in plants showed that their concentrations had changed as a result of waste addition combined with AMF and/or T. viride. The effectiveness of fish waste combined with low cost and health/environmental safety leads to a prediction that the introduction of fish waste coupled with fungi will become a more popular feature of agriculture in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabab A Metwally
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Shereen A Soliman
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef
- Department of Biology, Turabah University College, Turabah Branch, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Reda E Abdelhameed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|