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Panda D, Mohanty S, Das S, Mishra B, Baig MJ, Behera L. Light intensity-mediated auxin homeostasis in spikelets links carbohydrate metabolism enzymes with grain filling rate in rice. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:1233-1251. [PMID: 36847862 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01844-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Low light (LL) stress during the grain-filling stage acutely impairs the quality and quantity of starch accumulation in rice grains. Here, we observed that LL-induced poor starch biosynthesis is modulated by auxin homeostasis, which regulates the activities of major carbohydrate metabolism enzymes such as starch synthase (SS) and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) in rice. Further, during the grain-filling period under LL, the starch/sucrose ratio increased in leaves but significantly decreased in the developing spikelets. This suggests poor sucrose biosynthesis in leaves and starch in the grains of the rice under LL. A lower grain starch was found to be correlated with the depleted AGPase and SS activities in the developing rice grains under LL. Further, under LL, the endogenous auxin (IAA) level in the spikelets was found to be synchronized with the expression of a heteromeric G protein gene, RGB1. Interestingly, under LL, the expression of OsYUC11 was significantly downregulated, which subsequently resulted in reduced IAA in the developing rice spikelets, followed by poor activation of grain-filling enzymes. This resulted in lowered grain starch accumulation, grain weight, panicle number, spikelet fertility, and eventually grain yield, which was notably higher in the LL-susceptible (GR4, IR8) than in the LL-tolerant (Purnendu, Swarnaprabha) rice genotypes. Therefore, we hypothesize that depletion in auxin biosynthesis under LL stress is associated with the downregulation of RBG1, which discourages the expression and activities of grain-filling enzymes, resulting in lower starch production, panicle formation, and grain yield in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan Panda
- Crop Physiology and Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Soumya Mohanty
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Swagatika Das
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Baneeta Mishra
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Mirza Jaynul Baig
- Crop Physiology and Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Lambodar Behera
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India.
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Li H, Feng B, Li J, Fu W, Wang W, Chen T, Liu L, Wu Z, Peng S, Tao L, Fu G. RGA1 alleviates low-light-repressed pollen tube elongation by improving the metabolism and allocation of sugars and energy. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1363-1383. [PMID: 36658612 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Low-light stress compromises photosynthetic and energy efficiency and leads to spikelet sterility; however, the effect of low-light stress on pollen tube elongation in the pistil remains poorly understood. The gene RGA1, which encodes a Gα-subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein, enhanced low-light tolerance at anthesis by preventing the cessation of pollen tube elongation in the pistil of rice plants. In this process, marked increases in the activities of acid invertase (INV), sucrose synthase (SUS) and mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain complexes, as well as the relative expression levels of SUTs (sucrose transporter), SWEETs (sugars will eventually be exported transporters), SUSs, INVs, CINs (cell-wall INV 1), SnRK1A (sucrose-nonfermenting 1-related kinase 1) and SnRK1B, were observed in OE-1 plants. Accordingly, notable increases in contents of ATP and ATPase were presented in OE-1 plants under low-light conditions, while they were decreased in d1 plants. Importantly, INV and ATPase activators (sucrose and Na2 SO3 , respectively) increased spikelet fertility by improving the energy status in the pistil under low-light conditions, and the ATPase inhibitor Na2 VO4 induced spikelet sterility and decreased ATPase activity. These results suggest that RGA1 could alleviate the low-light stress-induced impairment of pollen tube elongation to increase spikelet fertility by promoting sucrose unloading in the pistil and improving the metabolism and allocation of energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Crop Production and Physiology Center (CPPC), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Baohua Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juncai Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Weimeng Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lianmeng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihai Wu
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- Crop Production and Physiology Center (CPPC), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Longxing Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanfu Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Sekhar S, Das S, Panda D, Mohanty S, Mishra B, Kumar A, Navadagi DB, Sah RP, Pradhan SK, Samantaray S, Baig MJ, Behera L, Mohapatra T. Identification of microRNAs That Provide a Low Light Stress Tolerance-Mediated Signaling Pathway during Vegetative Growth in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11192558. [PMID: 36235424 PMCID: PMC9614602 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Low light intensity affects several physiological parameters during the different growth stages in rice. Plants have various regulatory mechanisms to cope with stresses. One of them is the differential and temporal expression of genes, which is governed by post-transcriptional gene expression regulation through endogenous miRNAs. To decipher low light stress-responsive miRNAs in rice, miRNA expression profiling was carried out using next-generation sequencing of low-light-tolerant (Swarnaprabha) and -sensitive (IR8) rice genotypes through Illumina sequencing. Swarnaprabha and IR8 were subjected to 25% low light treatment for one day, three days, and five days at the active tillering stage. More than 43 million raw reads and 9 million clean reads were identified in Swarnaprabha, while more than 41 million raw reads and 8.5 million clean reads were identified in IR8 after NGS. Importantly, 513 new miRNAs in rice were identified, whose targets were mostly regulated by the genes involved in photosynthesis and metabolic pathways. Additionally, 114 known miRNAs were also identified. Five novel (osa-novmiR1, osa-novmiR2, osa-novmiR3, osa-novmiR4, and osa-novmiR5) and three known (osa-miR166c-3p, osa-miR2102-3p, and osa-miR530-3p) miRNAs were selected for their expression validation through miRNA-specific qRT-PCR. The expression analyses of most of the predicted targets of corresponding miRNAs show negative regulation. Hence, miRNAs modulated the expression of genes providing tolerance/susceptibility to low light stress. This information might be useful in the improvement of crop productivity under low light stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Sekhar
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Swagatika Das
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Darshan Panda
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Soumya Mohanty
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Baneeta Mishra
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | | | - Rameswar Prasad Sah
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Sharat Kumar Pradhan
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Sanghamitra Samantaray
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Mirza Jaynul Baig
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Lambodar Behera
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Trilochan Mohapatra
- Former Secretary DARE, DG, ICAR, Government. of India, New Delhi 11001, India
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Low Light Stress Increases Chalkiness by Disturbing Starch Synthesis and Grain Filling of Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169153. [PMID: 36012414 PMCID: PMC9408977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Low light stress increases the chalkiness of rice; however, this effect has not been fully characterized. In this study, we demonstrated that low light resulted in markedly decreased activity of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in the grains and those of sucrose synthase and soluble starch synthase in the early period of grain filling. Furthermore, low light also resulted in decreased activities of granule-bound starch synthase and starch branching enzyme in the late period of grain filling. Therefore, the maximum and mean grain filling rates were reduced but the time to reach the maximum grain filling rates and effective grain filling period were increased by low light. Thus, it significantly decreased the grain weight at the maximum grain filling rate and grain weight and retarded the endosperm growth and development, leading to a loose arrangement of the amyloplasts and an increase in the chalkiness of the rice grains. Compared to the grains at the top panicle part, low light led to a greater decrease in the grain weight at the maximum grain filling rate and time to reach the grain weight at the maximum grain filling rate at the bottom panicle part, which contributed to an increase in chalkiness by increasing the rates of different chalky types at the bottom panicle part. In conclusion, low light disturbed starch synthesis in grains, thereby impeding the grain filling progress and increasing chalkiness, particularly for grains at the bottom panicle part.
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Light Intensity- and Spectrum-Dependent Redox Regulation of Plant Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071311. [PMID: 35883801 PMCID: PMC9312225 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Both light intensity and spectrum (280–800 nm) affect photosynthesis and, consequently, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during photosynthetic electron transport. ROS, together with antioxidants, determine the redox environment in tissues and cells, which in turn has a major role in the adjustment of metabolism to changes in environmental conditions. This process is very important since there are great spatial (latitude, altitude) and temporal (daily, seasonal) changes in light conditions which are accompanied by fluctuations in temperature, water supply, and biotic stresses. The blue and red spectral regimens are decisive in the regulation of metabolism because of the absorption maximums of chlorophylls and the sensitivity of photoreceptors. Based on recent publications, photoreceptor-controlled transcription factors such as ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) and changes in the cellular redox environment may have a major role in the coordinated fine-tuning of metabolic processes during changes in light conditions. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge of the light-associated redox control of basic metabolic pathways (carbon, nitrogen, amino acid, sulphur, lipid, and nucleic acid metabolism), secondary metabolism (terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids), and related molecular mechanisms. Light condition-related reprogramming of metabolism is the basis for proper growth and development of plants; therefore, its better understanding can contribute to more efficient crop production in the future.
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Panda D, Mohanty S, Das S, Sah RP, Kumar A, Behera L, Baig MJ, Tripathy BC. The role of phytochrome-mediated gibberellic acid signaling in the modulation of seed germination under low light stress in rice ( O. sativa L.). PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:585-605. [PMID: 35465204 PMCID: PMC8986944 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Seed germination plays cardinal roles in seedling establishment and their successive growth. However, seed germination is retarded by far-red (FR) enrichment under low light stress, and the inhibitory signalling mechanism remains ambiguous. Our results indicated that low light treatment, both in the open and growth chamber conditions, inhibits rice seed germination by decreasing the gibberellin (GA) contents. To explore the mechanism of GA-deficiency under low light stress, differential expression profiling of GA-anabolic, -catabolic, ABA -anabolic, -catabolic, and SLR1 was investigated, revealing that expression of ABA- anabolic, GA-catabolic genes and SLR1 was upregulated with a simultaneous downregulation of ABA-catabolic and GA-anabolic genes under low light treatment. These results suggested that FR-induced GA inadequacy is resulted by upregulation of SLR1 and GA-catabolism genes consequently increase DELLA that further subsided GA-responses in the germinating rice seeds. Moreover, we provided evidence that FR-induced GA inadequacy demotes rice seed germination by decreasing amylase activity, eventually decreasing the carbohydrate solubilization in the germinating seeds. Finally, we suggest that under low light stress, due to a retarded conversion of phytochrome A to their bioactive form, the ABA-catabolic genes were eventually upregulated with a simultaneous downregulation of GA-anabolic genes. Consequently, a lower GA pool fails to leverage the GA-dependent DELLA degradation, further shutting down the expected GA responses that reduce germination efficiency under FR-enriched light. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01167-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan Panda
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha India
| | - Soumya Mohanty
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha India
| | - Swagatika Das
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha India
| | | | - Awadhesh Kumar
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha India
| | - Lambodar Behera
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha India
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Nayak L, Panda D, Dash GK, Lal MK, Swain P, Baig MJ, Kumar A. A chloroplast Glycolate catabolic pathway bypassing the endogenous photorespiratory cycle enhances photosynthesis, biomass and yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 314:111103. [PMID: 34895540 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration accounts for 20-50 % reduction in grain yield in C3 crops. The process is essential to remove 2-phosphoglycolate produced due to the oxygenation activity of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (RuBisCO) enzyme. Attempts were made to improve photosynthesis through enriched CO2 concentration by installing numerous photorespiratory bypass modules in the chloroplast of several crops. In this study, we have introduced Escherichia coli glycolate catabolic pathway (ECGC) into rice chloroplast to bypass photorespiration partially (PB) or completely (FB). Five genes encoding glyoxylate carboligase (GCL), tartronic semialdehyde reductase (TSR), and three subunits of glycolate dehydrogenase (GDH) were introduced to get FB plants, whereas only the three subunits of GDH were introduced to get PB plants. Southern analysis confirmed stable integration of the transgenes and their expression was confirmed by RT-qPCR analysis in the T3 progenies. Both FB and PB transformed lines exhibited increased photosynthetic efficiency, biomass, and grain yield than wild type (WT) with empty vector control. The introduction of ECGC pathway favoured the carboxylase activity of RuBisCO while decreasing its oxygenase activity fostering the functioning of Calvin-Benson cycle and resulting in an increased carbon-assimilation that was manifested in their superior architecture and harvest index. These findings will support rice and related cereal crop breeding programs to increase yield under elevated temperature and arid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lopamudra Nayak
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR- National Rice Research Institute (ICAR-NRRI), Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Darshan Panda
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR- National Rice Research Institute (ICAR-NRRI), Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Goutam Kumar Dash
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR- National Rice Research Institute (ICAR-NRRI), Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Insititute (ICAR-CPRI), Shimla, 171001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Padmini Swain
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR- National Rice Research Institute (ICAR-NRRI), Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - M J Baig
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR- National Rice Research Institute (ICAR-NRRI), Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India.
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR- National Rice Research Institute (ICAR-NRRI), Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India.
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