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Yang Y, Ma B, Djamshidi M, Zhang Q, Sarkar A, Chanda A, Tran U, Soh J, Sandall C, Chen HM, MacDonald JA, Bonni S, Sensen CW, Zheng J, Riabowol K. ING1 inhibits Twist1 expression to block EMT and is antagonized by the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151341. [PMID: 37459799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
ING1 is a chromatin targeting subunit of the Sin3a histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex that alters chromatin structure to subsequently regulate gene expression. We find that ING1 knockdown increases expression of Twist1, Zeb 1&2, Snai1, Bmi1 and TSHZ1 drivers of EMT, promoting EMT and cell motility. ING1 expression had the opposite effect, promoting epithelial cell morphology and inhibiting basal and TGF-β-induced motility in 3D organoid cultures. ING1 binds the Twist1 promoter and Twist1 was largely responsible for the ability of ING1 to reduce cell migration. Consistent with ING1 inhibiting Twist1 expression in vivo, an inverse relationship between ING1 and Twist1 levels was seen in breast cancer samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The HDAC inhibitor vorinostat is approved for treatment of multiple myeloma and cutaneous T cell lymphoma and is in clinical trials for solid tumours as adjuvant therapy. One molecular target of vorinostat is INhibitor of Growth 2 (ING2), that together with ING1 serve as targeting subunits of the Sin3a HDAC complex. Treatment with sublethal (LD25-LD50) levels of vorinostat promoted breast cancer cell migration several-fold, which increased further upon ING1 knockout. These observations indicate that correct targeting of the Sin3a HDAC complex, and HDAC activity in general decreases luminal and basal breast cancer cell motility, suggesting that use of HDAC inhibitors as adjuvant therapies in breast cancers that are prone to metastasize may not be optimal and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China
| | - Biao Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China
| | - Mahbod Djamshidi
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Qingrun Zhang
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anusi Sarkar
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ayan Chanda
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Uyen Tran
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jung Soh
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christina Sandall
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Huey-Miin Chen
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Justin A MacDonald
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shirin Bonni
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Jianhua Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China
| | - Karl Riabowol
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Ali AN, Ghoneim SM, Ahmed ER, El-Farouk Abdel Salam LO, Anis Saleh SM. Cadherin switching in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A clinicopathological study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:486-494. [PMID: 37293580 PMCID: PMC10245331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide as it represents the sixth most common cancer. Numerous molecular mechanisms have been explained to regulate OSCC progression, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Cadherin switching is the pivotal process that controls EMT in which E-cadherin reduces while N-cadherin elevates. This work aimed to clarify the role of cadherin switching in OSCC. Material and methods Thirty paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of OSCC including six cases with lymph node metastasis were subjected to immunohistochemical staining using antibodies against E&N-cadherins. Cell cultures were performed using OSCC cell lines (SCC-15/SCC-25) from the human tongue. F-12K medium (Kaighn's Modification of Ham's F12 Medium) was added as EMT inducing media. E&N-cadherin mRNA gene expression levels were detected by real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Cadherin switching through N-cadherin elevation and E-cadherin reduction was evaluated at the histopathologic level in primary and metastatic OSCC as well as at the genetic level within OSCC cell culture. Cadherin switching showed a significant correlation between E&N-cadherins at different histopathological grades of OSCC and in metastatic OSCC. Moreover, the level of mRNA gene expression of E&N-cadherins in human 15 SCC and 25 SCC cell lines with EMT-inducing media exhibited a significant correlation. Conclusions Cadherin switching is a crucial event in the EMT process. It may be used as a significant tool in the study of OSCC progression. Cadherin switching plays a significant role in the invasion and metastasis of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Noaman Ali
- Oral Pathology, Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Egypt
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Nascimento RB, Machado IAR, Silva JC, Faria LAS, Borba FC, Porto LPA, Santos JN, Ramalho LMP, Rodini CO, Rodrigues MFSD, Paiva KBS, Xavier FCA. Differential expression of Cadherins switch and Caveolin-2 during stages of oral carcinogenesis. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2023; 27:507-514. [PMID: 38033949 PMCID: PMC10683880 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_28_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 90% of oral malignancies, which may be preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Cancer progression involves the downregulation of epithelial markers (E-cadherin) and the upregulation of mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin), which together characterise the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, caveolin can act on cell adhesion and migration events that regulate the expression of the E-cadherin/α-β-catenin complex, thus favouring aggressive biological behaviour. This study aimed to analyse the immunoexpression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and caveolin-2 at different stages of oral carcinogenesis to identify reliable biomarkers to predict malignant potential. Methods Expressions of E-cadherin and N-cadherin in 14 normal oral mucosae (NOM), 14 OPMD and 33 OSCC specimens were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Clinicopathological parameters were also assessed. Results E-cadherin immunoexpression was significantly reduced during the progression of oral carcinogenesis (P = 0.0018). N-cadherin immunoexpression did not show any statistical differences between these groups. However, a representative number of N-cadherin-positive OSCC cases did not express E-cadherin. The expression of caveolin-2 increased significantly with the progression of the disease, from NOM to OSCC (P value: 0.0028). Conclusion These findings indicate that cadherin switch and caveolin-2 immunoexpression may be regulatory events in oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca B. Nascimento
- PhD in Dentistry and Health, Department of Propaedeutics and Integrated Clinical, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Isadora A. R. Machado
- PhD in Dentistry and Health, Department of Propaedeutics and Integrated Clinical, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Jamerson C. Silva
- PhD Student in Dentistry and Health Postgraduated Program, Department of Propaedeutics and Integrated Clinical, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Lorena A. S. Faria
- DDS, Department of Propaedeutics and Integrated Clinical, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C. Borba
- DDS, Department of Propaedeutics and Integrated Clinical, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Lia P. A. Porto
- PhD in Dentistry, Health Sciences Center, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Jean N. Santos
- PhD Professor, Surgical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Propaedeutics and Integrated Clinical, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Luciana M. P. Ramalho
- PhD Professor, Surgical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Propaedeutics and Integrated Clinical, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Camila O. Rodini
- PhD Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda S. D. Rodrigues
- PhD Professor, Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences Postgraduated Program, University of the Ninth of July, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Katiúcia B. S. Paiva
- PhD Professor, Extracellular Matrix Biology and Cellular Interaction Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia C. A. Xavier
- PhD Professor, Surgical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Propaedeutics and Integrated Clinical, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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Hakim SG, Taubitz C, Hoppe S, Steller D, Rades D, Ribbat-Idel J, Alsharif U, Falougy M. Prognostic impact of the loss of E-cadherin and de novo expression of N-cadherin at the invasive front of primary and recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1151879. [PMID: 37265789 PMCID: PMC10231494 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1151879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological mechanism in multiple pathophysiological diseases. Related alterations in cadherin expression play a crucial role in carcinogenesis, progression, angiogenesis, and immune response. EMT cells exhibit a transition from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype (cadherin-switch). This process is characterized by the de novo development of N-cadherin (N-CAD), which replaces E-cadherin (E-CAD) and signifies an increased migratory capacity and malignant transformation. The cadherin switch is a hallmark of EMT and has been studied in various cancer entities. We predicted that the cadherin switch in the primary and recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma (re-OSCC) tissues is an inherent characteristic of the tumor, affects the biologic behavior, and further reflects the post-recurrence survival outcome of these patients. Survival outcome was analyzed by calculating the post-recurrence survival of the high-risk group and correlating the standardized h-score-based IHC expression of both cadherin types with the clinical follow-up. 94 patients with re-OSCC were observed within the cohort. Tissue samples from both primary and recurring tumors were collected. There was a significant association between loss of E-CAD expression and both oral cancer-specific and overall survival, (HR=2.72, CI:1.50-4.95, p=0.001) and (HR=3.84, CI:1.93-7.63, p=0.001), respectively, for expression loss higher than 60%. There was no statistically significant correlation between N-CAD de novo expression and Overall, oral cancer-specific and disease-free post-recurrence survival. The current study clearly shows that cadherin-switch, identified as E-CAD loss and N-CAD de novo expression in the invasion front of a re-OSCC, appears to be an inherent histological hallmark that does not change from primary manifestation to recurrence within the same tumor, regardless of the form of adjuvant therapy used for the primary tumor. The loss of E-CAD expression in re-OSCC is an independent risk factor for poor survival, and may be used to stratify therapy and de/escalate the multimodal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer George Hakim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Helios Medical Center, Schwerin, Germany
| | - Clara Taubitz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Steffen Hoppe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Daniel Steller
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Dirk Rades
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julika Ribbat-Idel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ubai Alsharif
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dortmund General Hospital, Dortmund, and Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Mohamed Falougy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
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Overexpression of E-Cadherin Is a Favorable Prognostic Biomarker in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020239. [PMID: 36829516 PMCID: PMC9953277 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is characterized by poor survival, mostly due to local invasion, loco-regional recurrence, and metastasis. Given that the weakening of cell-to-cell adhesion is a feature associated with the migration and invasion of cancer cells, different studies have explored the prognostic utility of cell adhesion molecules such as E-cadherin (E-cad). This study aims to summarize current evidence in a meta-analysis, focusing on the prognostic role of E-cad in OSCC. To find studies meeting inclusion criteria, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline, and OpenGrey databases were systematically assessed and screened. The selection process led to 25 studies, which were considered eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis, representing a sample of 2553 patients. E-cad overexpression was strongly associated with longer overall survival (OS) with Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.41 95% confidence interval (95% CI) (0.32-0.54); p < 0.001 and disease-free survival with HR 0.47 95% CI (0.37-0.61); p < 0.001. In terms of OS, patients with tongue cancer experienced better survivability when expressing E-cad with HR 0.28 95% CI (0.19-0.43); p < 0.001. Globally, our findings indicate the prognostic role of the immunohistochemical assessment of E-cad in OSCC and its expression might acquire a different role based on the oral cavity subsites.
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Saproo S, Sarkar SS, Gautam V, Konyak CW, Dass G, Karmakar A, Sharma M, Ahuja G, Gupta A, Tayal J, Mehta A, Naidu S. Salivary protein kinase C alpha and novel microRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic resistance markers for oral squamous cell carcinoma in Indian cohorts. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 9:1106963. [PMID: 36703917 PMCID: PMC9871261 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1106963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in India. Tobacco, alcohol, poor oral hygiene, and socio-economic factors remain causative for this high prevalence. Identification of non-invasive diagnostic markers tailored for Indian population can facilitate mass screening to reduce overall disease burden. Saliva offers non-invasive sampling and hosts a plethora of markers for OSCC diagnosis. Here, to capture the OSCC-specific salivary RNA markers suitable for Indian population, we performed RNA-sequencing of saliva from OSCC patients (n = 9) and normal controls (n = 5). Differential gene expression analysis detected an array of salivary RNAs including mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, transfer-RNAs, and microRNAs specific to OSCC. Computational analysis and functional predictions identified protein kinase c alpha (PRKCA), miR-6087, miR-449b-5p, miR-3656, miR-326, miR-146b-5p, and miR-497-5p as potential salivary indicators of OSCC. Notably, higher expression of PRKCA, miR-6087 and miR-449b-5p were found to be associated with therapeutic resistance and poor survival, indicating their prognostic potential. In addition, sequencing reads that did not map to the human genome, showed alignments with microbial reference genomes. Metagenomic and statistical analysis of these microbial reads revealed a remarkable microbial dysbiosis between OSCC patients and normal controls. Moreover, the differentially abundant microbial taxa showed a significant association with tumor promoting pathways including inflammation and oxidative stress. Summarily, we provide an integrated landscape of OSCC-specific salivary RNAs relevant to Indian population which can be instrumental in devising non-invasive diagnostics for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetanshu Saproo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Shashanka S. Sarkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Vishakha Gautam
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology- Delhi (IIIT-Delhi), New Delhi, India
| | - Chingmei W. Konyak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Gouri Dass
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Arpita Karmakar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Mansi Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav Ahuja
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology- Delhi (IIIT-Delhi), New Delhi, India
| | - Anand Gupta
- Department of Dentistry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Juhi Tayal
- Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Anurag Mehta
- Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Srivatsava Naidu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India,*Correspondence: Srivatsava Naidu,
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Epithelial-mesenchymal transition related to bone invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Bone Oncol 2022; 33:100418. [PMID: 35242512 PMCID: PMC8881471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2022.100418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Presence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in tumor-bone interface. Dominant infiltrative pattern in bone tissue is associated with lower survival. E-cadherin-positive cases were associated with tobacco smoking. Vimentin-positive cases were associated with tumors under 4 cm. Twist could be strongly involved in bone invasion and in disease progression.
Introduction Bone invasion is an important prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma, leading to a lower survival rate and the use of aggressive treatment approaches. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is possibly involved in this process, because it is often related to mechanisms of cell motility and invasiveness. This study examined whether a panel of epithelial-mesenchymal markers are present in cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma with bone invasion and whether these proteins have any relationship with patients’ clinical-pathological parameters and prognostic factors. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis of E-cadherin, twist, vimentin, TGFβ1, and periostin was performed in paraffin-embedded samples of 62 oral squamous cell carcinoma cases. Results The analysis revealed that most cases (66%) presented with a dominant tumor infiltrative pattern in bone tissue, associated with lower survival rates, when compared with cases with a dominant erosive invasion pattern (P = 0.048). Twenty-seven cases (43%) expressed markers that were compatible with total or partial EMT at the tumor-bone interface. There was no association between evidence of total or partial EMT and other demographic or prognostic features. E-cadherin-positive cases were associated with tobacco smoking (P = 0.022); vimentin-positive cases correlated with tumors under 4 cm (P = 0.043). Twistexpression was observed in tumors with a dominant infiltrative pattern (P = 0.041) and was associated with the absence of periostin (P = 0.031). Conclusion We observed evidence of total or partial EMT in oral squamous cell carcinoma bone invasion. The transcription factor twist appears to be involved in bone invasion and disease progression.
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Kadeh H, Saravani S, Miri Moghaddam E. Immunohistochemical Expression of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Proteins in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 16:354-361. [PMID: 34567183 PMCID: PMC8463764 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.20201.137498.2502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition (EMT) is known to be a possible mechanism in tumor progression; however, there is insufficient evidence to support the contribution of this process in human cancers. The present study aimed to evaluate the expression of EMT markers in normal oral epithelium and oral squamous cell carcinoma and also correlates with some clinicopathological parameters. Methods This study was conducted on 70 samples, including 20 cases of normal epithelium and 50 cases of Oral Squamous cell Carcinoma (OSCC). To examine the expression level of these proteins, immunohistochemical staining was performed for samples using E-cadherin and N-cadherin monoclonal antibodies. Results Reduced expression of E-cadherin was observed in 74% of OSCC and 15% of normal epithelium samples; this difference was statistically significant (P˂0.000). With the progression of SCC from well towards poor differentiation, the E-cadherin expression decreased; however, this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.642). Normal epithelial specimens were negative for N-cadherin expression in 75% of cases, whereas OSCC specimens showed high expression of N-cadherin in 46% of cases, this difference was statistically significant (P=0.01). Although 62.5% of poorly differentiated OSCC showed high expression of N-cadherin, the difference between the histopathological grades was not significant (P=0.586). No significant relationship was found between markers expression and patient's age, gender, and tumor location. Conclusion This study showed that OSCC tissues showed high EMT phenotype (reduced E-cadherin expression and high expression of N-cadherin) compared to normal oral mucosa which may indicate the possible key role of EMT mechanism during oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Kadeh
- Oral & Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Shirin Saravani
- Oral & Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Miri Moghaddam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Koyama LKS, Nagano CP, Vanini JV, Figueredo JM, Matos LLD, Cernea CR, Coutinho-Camillo CM, Lourenço SV. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Bone Invasion: Possible Roles of E-Cadherin in Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Infiltration. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2021; 83:354-361. [PMID: 34034265 DOI: 10.1159/000514229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common cancer of the oral cavity. When the tumor invades the bone tissue, the prognostic and survival rates decrease a lot, and the treatment becomes more aggressive, with several damages to the patient and health system. Many of the molecular mechanisms of bone invasion process are not understood yet, but it is already known that one of central processes of tumor evolution - adjacent tissues invasion and metastasis - is a large spectrum of phenotypic changes in epithelial cells to mesenchymal, in a process named as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Loss of E-cadherin, an important epithelial cell adhesion protein, is a hallmark of this phenomenon. The objective of this retrospective study is to evaluate the expression of E-cadherin protein, comparing its distribution with clinical characteristics of the patients and possibly relation to EMT. METHODS Sixty-two cases with respective clinical data were analyzed by comparing immunohistochemical, H and E staining, and clinical data, observing the tumor-bone interface (TBI) and the surrounding tumor that had no direct contact with the bone surface (ST). RESULTS Forty cases were positive for E-cadherin (64%) with a heterogeneous pattern. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the presence of E-cadherin expression and tobacco smokers. Also, the equal or weaker protein expression in the ST than TBI is related to a worse overall survival. No statistically significant difference in other prognostic factors was observed. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the tumor cells that interact with the bone tissue could gain molecular changes, like partial EMT and osteoclastogenesis induction, which facilitate their migration and increase the bone resorption, resulting in a worse patient's prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Kenji Sakaue Koyama
- Head and Neck Surgery Discipline, Clinics Hospital of Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jaqueline Vaz Vanini
- Department of General Pathology, Dental School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Martins Figueredo
- Department of General Pathology, Dental School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Luongo de Matos
- Head and Neck Surgery Discipline, Clinics Hospital of Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, ICESP/HCFMUSP (São Paulo's Cancer Institute), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Roberto Cernea
- Head and Neck Surgery Discipline, Clinics Hospital of Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, ICESP/HCFMUSP (São Paulo's Cancer Institute), São Paulo, Brazil
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SATB1 protein is associated with the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition process in non‑small cell lung cancers. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:118. [PMID: 33955522 PMCID: PMC8107643 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed neoplasms and the leading cause of cancer‑related mortality worldwide. Its predominant subtype is non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for over 80% of the cases. Surprisingly, the majority of lung cancer‑related deaths are caused not by a primary tumour itself, but by its metastasis to distant organs. Therefore, it becomes especially important to identify the factors involved in lung cancer metastatic spread. Special AT‑rich binding protein 1 (SATB1) is a nuclear matrix protein that mediates chromatin looping and plays the role of global transcriptional regulator. During the past decade, it has received much attention as a factor promoting tumour invasion. In breast, colorectal and prostate cancers, SATB1 has been shown to influence the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, which is thought to be crucial for cancer metastasis. The aim of this study was to analyse the possible correlations between the expression of SATB1 and major EMT‑associated proteins in NSCLC clinical samples. Additionally, the impact of EMT induction in NSCLC cell lines on SATB1 mRNA expression was also investigated. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of SATB1, SNAIL, SLUG, Twist1, E‑cadherin, and N‑cadherin in 242 lung cancer clinical samples. EMT was induced by TGF‑β1 treatment in the A549 and NCI‑H1703 lung cancer cell lines. Changes in gene expression profiles were analyzed using real‑time PCR and Droplet Digital PCR. SATB1 expression was positively correlated with the expression of SNAIL (R=0.129; P=0.045), SLUG (R=0.449; P<0.0001), and Twist1 (R=0.264; P<0.0001). Moreover, SATB1 expression significantly increased after in vitro EMT induction in A549 and NCI‑H1703 cell lines. The results obtained may point to the role of SATB1 as one of the regulators of EMT in NSCLC.
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Zhou P, Xiao L, Xu X. Identification of E2F transcription factor 7 as a novel potential biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Head Face Med 2021; 17:7. [PMID: 33637098 PMCID: PMC7908640 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-021-00258-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a tumor-accelerating transcriptional factor, E2F transcription factor 7 (E2F7) was up-regulated in many forms of cancers. Nevertheless, little has been reported about the impacts of E2F7 on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Here, we aimed to probe whether E2F7 had influences on OSCC and its potential mechanism. METHODS The expression of E2F7 in OSCC tissues was analyzed using the data acquired from TCGA and ONCOMINE databases. E2F7 prognostic value in OSCC patients was analyzed utilizing TCGA database. The expression of E2F7 in OSCC cell lines was detected by qRT-PCR. Gain-and loss-function of E2F7 assays in TCA-83 and CAL27 cells were performed respectively to inquire the function of E2F7. Western blotting was applied to test the alternations of EMT-related markers. RESULTS In OSCC tissues, E2F7 was highly expressed. Besides, high expression of E2F7 predicted worse prognosis in OSCC patients. Moreover, E2F7 was over-expressed in TCA-83, HSC-4 and CAL27 (all OSCC cell lines) cells relative to that in HNOK (a normal cell line) cells. Gain-and loss-function assays displayed that deficiency of E2F7 suppresses CAL27 cell growth, migration, invasion and E2F7 high-expression resulted in inverse outcomes in TCA-83 cells. Finally, we found that silencing of E2F7 facilitated E-cadherin protein expression level and reduced N-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail protein levels in CAL27 cells, whilst E2F7 high-expression exhibited the opposite effects in TCA-83 cells. CONCLUSIONS These outcomes indicated that E2F7 performs a carcinogenic role in OSCC, which provides a theoretical basis for the therapeutic strategies of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Department of Stomatology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaonan Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China.
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Immunodetection of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Tumor Proliferation Markers in GLi-1-positive Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2020; 29:335-344. [PMID: 32769440 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), involvement and activation of the Hedgehog pathway (HH) may be related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell proliferation. The present study aimed to evaluate epithelial-mesenchymal transition and proliferative potential in OSCC cases demonstrating activation of the HH pathway. Twenty-three GLi-1-positive OSCC cases were submitted to immunohistochemical detection of Snail, Slug, N-cadherin, E-cadherin, β-catenin, and MCM3 proteins. Clinical-pathologic immunoexpression data were obtained from the invasion front and tumor islets, and then compared. At the invasion front, OSCC cases presented positive Snail, Slug, and MCM3 expression in the nuclei of tumor cells. Loss of membrane and cytoplasmic expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin was also observed. Positive N-cadherin expression was observed in 31.78% of the cases. GLi-1 immunoexpression was associated with loss of membrane E-cadherin (P<0.001), membrane β-catenin (P<0.001), and cytoplasmic β-catenin (P=0.02) expression. In the tumor islets, we observed nuclear expression of GLi-1, Snail, Slug, and MCM3. E-cadherin and β-catenin showed positivity in tumor cell membranes. Statistically significant positive correlations between GLi-1 and Snail (P=0.05), E-cadherin (P=0.01), and cytoplasmic β-catenin (P=0.04) were found. GLi-1 was associated with clinical staging, while membrane β-catenin expression was related to the presence of metastasis in lymph nodes and to clinical staging. The HH pathway may be involved in regulating the expression of the mesenchymal phenotype. The loss of membrane E-cadherin and β-catenin expression was observed at the tumor front region, whereas cell adhesion protein expression was detected in tumor islets regardless of MCM3.
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Gibo T, Yamada SI, Kawamoto M, Uehara T, Kurita H. Immunohistochemical Investigation of Predictive Biomarkers for Mandibular Bone Invasion in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:2381-2389. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-020-00826-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Michalek J, Brychtova S, Pink R, Dvorak Z. Prognostic and predictive markers for perineural and bone invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2019; 163:302-308. [PMID: 31435075 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2019.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a growing problem worldwide. Several biological and molecular criteria have been established for making a prognosis of OSCC. One of the most important factors affecting the risk of tumor recurrence and overall prognosis is perineural invasion and bone invasion. Perineural invasion is defined as a tumor spreading and the ability of tumor cells to penetrate around or through the nerve tissue. Perineural invasion can cause the tumor to spread to distant areas from the primary tumor location. One possible explanation for this is the formation of microenvironment in the perineural space which may contain cellular factors that act on both nerve tissue and some types of tumor tissues. Bone invasion by OSCC has major implications for tumor staging, choice of treatment, outcome and quality of life. Oral SCCs invade the mandibular or maxillary bone through an erosive, infiltrative or mixed pattern that correlates with clinical behavior. Bone resorption by osteoclasts is an important step in the process of bone invasion by oral SCCs. Some cytokines (e.g. TNFα and PTHrP) lead to receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) expression or osteoprotegerin (OPG) suppression in oral SCC cells and in cancer stromal cells to induce osteoclastogenesis. Oral SCCs provide a suitable microenvironment for osteoclastogenesis to regulate the balance of RANKL and OPG. A more molecular-based clinical staging and tailor-made therapy would benefit patients with bone invasion by OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Michalek
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Svetlana Brychtova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Pink
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Dvorak
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery of St. Anne`s University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Czech Republic
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Rai K H, Ahmed J. A Correlative Study of N-Cadherin Expression with Different Grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Projecting as a Marker of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Tumor Progression. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:2327-2332. [PMID: 31450902 PMCID: PMC6852818 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.8.2327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Epithelial cells typically express E-cadherin where as N-cadherin expressed by mesenchymal cells. The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process by which epithelial cells lose their cell polarity and cell-cell adhesion, and gain migratory and invasive properties to become mesenchymal cells. EMT is typical for carcinoma cells during tumor progression and correlate with the local invasiveness and metastatic potential of the tumor. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant neoplasm arising from the mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity. It can be classified as well; moderate and poor depends on a tumor cells resemblance to its tissue of origin. Materials and Methods: A total of 130 cases of histopathologically diagnosed as OSCC were selected for the study, out of which 66,38 and 26 were well, moderate and poorly differentiated respectively. One section was stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin and the other section for N-cadherin immunohistochemical study. Then the N-cadherin expression was correlated histopathologically with different grades of OSCC. Statistical analysis was carried out mainly by Chi-Square analysis. Results: Among the 66 cases of WDSCC mean value of N-cadherin expression was 1.79, 38 cases of MDSCC mean value of N-cadherin expression was 4.16 and among the 26 cases of PDSCC the mean value was 6.38.That means the value of N- cadherin expression was progressively increasing with decreased differentiation of the tumor cells. The statistical analysis also shown it was highly significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: A correlative study of N-cadherin expression with different grades of OSCC will be useful to predict the state of tumor progression and also it may give accuracy for histopathogical grading of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harishchandra Rai K
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, KVG Dental College and Hospital Sullia, karnataka, India.
| | - Junaid Ahmed
- Department of Oral
Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education(MAHE), Karnataka-576104, India
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The Immunohistochemical Pattern of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Markers In Endometrial Carcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2019; 28:339-346. [PMID: 30829665 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The majority of endometrial carcinoma are diagnosed at an early stage and exhibit a favorable prognosis. However, 10% to 15% of ECs recur and the majority are type II tumors which are high-grade carcinomas. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been considered as a fundamental step for the development of the invasive phenotype of cancer cells. During EMT, many of epithelial surface markers, primarily E-cadherin disappear, and mesenchymal markers including N-cadherin gain. This feature resides predominantly at the invasive front (IF) of the tumor. Therefore, we examined the immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin at the IF, in central areas of the tumor and lymphovascular space, in type I and type II endometrial carcinoma. The association of each protein with the clinicopathologic features was also evaluated. Our results confirmed a stronger E-cadherin immunostaining in type I tumors indicating that the loss of E-cadherin may be responsible for a more aggressive behavior of type II ECs. In both types, E-cadherin was strongly expressed in central areas and the reactivity decreased toward the IF. On contrary, N-cadherin was overexpressed at the IF confirming an inverse relationship between these markers. In addition, a decrease in E-cadherin expression was observed in cells within the lymphovascular space. Downregulation of E-cadherin was associated only with high-grade tumors while no correlations between both markers and other clinicopathologic features were found. Our results confirm that EMT occurs at the IF that represents a critical interface between the tumor and the host.
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Peng SY, Tu HF, Yang CC, Wu CH, Liu CJ, Chang KW, Lin SC. miR-134 targets PDCD7 to reduce E-cadherin expression and enhance oral cancer progression. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:2892-2904. [PMID: 29971778 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignancy worldwide. This study clarified the oncogenic role of miR-134 in OSCC. Reporter assays, using both wild-type and mutant constructs, confirmed that Programmed Cell Death 7 (PDCD7) gene was a potential target of miR-134. The OSCC cells exogenously expressed miR-134 exhibited reduced PDCD7 expression. As expected, exogenous miRZip-134 expression increased PDCD7 expression in the OSCC cells; additionally, PDCD7 expression suppressed the oncogenicity of the OSCC cells. By contrast, PDCD7 knockout through gene editing increased in vitro oncogenicity and neck nodal metastasis in mice, and reduced E-cadherin (E-cad) expression. PDCD7 transactivated E-cad expression via the GC-box in the promoter. Moreover, miR-134-associated cellular transformation and E-cad downregulation was attenuated by PDCD7. Downregulation of both PDCD7 and E-cad and high levels miR-134 expression was observed in OSCC tumor tissues. Activation of the miR-134-PDCD7-E-cad pathogenesis cascade occurred early during the human and murine oral carcinogenesis process. In conclusion, the oncogenic effect of miR-134 in oral carcinoma is mediated by reducing PDCD7 and E-cad expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yuan Peng
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Feng Tu
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Yang
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Wu
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ji Liu
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Deaprtment of Dentistry, Taipei Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Lin
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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