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Andrew D, Yielder P, Haavik H, Murphy B. The effects of subclinical neck pain on sensorimotor integration following a complex motor pursuit task. Exp Brain Res 2017; 236:1-11. [PMID: 29026942 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-5103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent subclinical neck pain (SCNP) may be associated with neural plastic changes in sensory processing and sensorimotor integration (SMI); however, its impact on motor learning has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SCNP alters neural markers of SMI during a complex motor acquisition task as compared to a healthy control group. Peripheral N9, spinal N13, brainstem N18, and cortical N20, P25, N24 and N30 early somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded following median nerve stimulation for 24 participants (12 control and 12 SCNP) before and after a 10-min tracing motor task intervention. Retention was assessed 24-48 h later. Significant amplitude differences were observed for both N18 and N24 SEP waveforms between groups, indicating there may be a difference in SMI due to altered afferent input as a result of SCNP. Accuracy increased significantly for both groups post-motor training; however, at retention only the control group showed an additional increase in accuracy. Both N18 and N24 SEP peaks are linked with cerebellar pathways, suggesting that SCNP impacts these connections. Significant correlations between these peaks and performance data were also seen. The differential changes in neurophysiological markers of SMI seen in SCNP suggest that SEPs have the potential to be used as an early screening tool for those at risk of having maladaptive neural plastic changes in response to motor training as a result of SCNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Andrew
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON, L1H 7K4, Canada
| | - Paul Yielder
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON, L1H 7K4, Canada
| | - Heidi Haavik
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, 6 Harrison Road Mt Wellington, Newmarket, PO Box 112-044, Auckland, 1149, New Zealand
| | - Bernadette Murphy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON, L1H 7K4, Canada.
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Dos Santos Júnior ED, Da Silva AV, Da Silva KRT, Haemmerle CAS, Batagello DS, Da Silva JM, Lima LB, Da Silva RJ, Diniz GB, Sita LV, Elias CF, Bittencourt JC. The centrally projecting Edinger-Westphal nucleus--I: Efferents in the rat brain. J Chem Neuroanat 2015. [PMID: 26206178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The oculomotor accessory nucleus, often referred to as the Edinger-Westphal nucleus [EW], was first identified in the 17th century. Although its most well known function is the control of pupil diameter, some controversy has arisen regarding the exact location of these preganglionic neurons. Currently, the EW is thought to consist of two different parts. The first part [termed the preganglionic EW-EWpg], which controls lens accommodation, choroidal blood flow and pupillary constriction, primarily consists of cholinergic cells that project to the ciliary ganglion. The second part [termed the centrally projecting EW-EWcp], which is involved in non-ocular functions such as feeding behavior, stress responses, addiction and pain, consists of peptidergic neurons that project to the brainstem, the spinal cord and prosencephalic regions. However, in the literature, we found few reports related to either ascending or descending projections from the EWcp that are compatible with its currently described functions. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to systematically investigate the ascending and descending projections of the EW in the rat brain. We injected the anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine into the EW or the retrograde tracer cholera toxin subunit B into multiple EW targets as controls. Additionally, we investigated the potential EW-mediated innervation of neuronal populations with known neurochemical signatures, such as melanin-concentrating hormone in the lateral hypothalamic area [LHA] and corticotropin-releasing factor in the central nucleus of the amygdala [CeM]. We observed anterogradely labeled fibers in the LHA, the reuniens thalamic nucleus, the oval part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the medial part of the central nucleus of the amygdala, and the zona incerta. We confirmed our EW-LHA and EW-CeM connections using retrograde tracers. We also observed moderate EW-mediated innervation of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the posterior hypothalamus. Our findings provide anatomical bases for previously unrecognized roles of the EW in the modulation of several physiologic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmilson D Dos Santos Júnior
- Laboratory of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - André V Da Silva
- Laboratory of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Três Lagoas 79600-080, MS, Brazil
| | - Kelly R T Da Silva
- Laboratory of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A S Haemmerle
- Laboratory of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniella S Batagello
- Laboratory of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Center of Neuroscience and Behavior, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, 05508-030 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Joelcimar M Da Silva
- Laboratory of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro B Lima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata J Da Silva
- Laboratory of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovanne B Diniz
- Laboratory of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane V Sita
- Laboratory of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carol F Elias
- Laboratory of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jackson C Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Center of Neuroscience and Behavior, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, 05508-030 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Hogri R, Bamford SA, Taub AH, Magal A, Giudice PD, Mintz M. A neuro-inspired model-based closed-loop neuroprosthesis for the substitution of a cerebellar learning function in anesthetized rats. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8451. [PMID: 25677559 PMCID: PMC4327125 DOI: 10.1038/srep08451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroprostheses could potentially recover functions lost due to neural damage. Typical neuroprostheses connect an intact brain with the external environment, thus replacing damaged sensory or motor pathways. Recently, closed-loop neuroprostheses, bidirectionally interfaced with the brain, have begun to emerge, offering an opportunity to substitute malfunctioning brain structures. In this proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate a neuro-inspired model-based approach to neuroprostheses. A VLSI chip was designed to implement essential cerebellar synaptic plasticity rules, and was interfaced with cerebellar input and output nuclei in real time, thus reproducing cerebellum-dependent learning in anesthetized rats. Such a model-based approach does not require prior system identification, allowing for de novo experience-based learning in the brain-chip hybrid, with potential clinical advantages and limitations when compared to existing parametric "black box" models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Hogri
- Psychobiology Research Unit, School of Psychological Sciences and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Simeon A. Bamford
- Complex Systems Modeling Group, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Aryeh H. Taub
- Psychobiology Research Unit, School of Psychological Sciences and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ari Magal
- Psychobiology Research Unit, School of Psychological Sciences and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Paolo Del Giudice
- Complex Systems Modeling Group, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Matti Mintz
- Psychobiology Research Unit, School of Psychological Sciences and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Rasmussen A, Jirenhed DA, Wetmore DZ, Hesslow G. Changes in complex spike activity during classical conditioning. Front Neural Circuits 2014; 8:90. [PMID: 25140129 PMCID: PMC4122208 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2014.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellar cortex is necessary for adaptively timed conditioned responses (CRs) in eyeblink conditioning. During conditioning, Purkinje cells acquire pause responses or "Purkinje cell CRs" to the conditioned stimuli (CS), resulting in disinhibition of the cerebellar nuclei (CN), allowing them to activate motor nuclei that control eyeblinks. This disinhibition also causes inhibition of the inferior olive (IO), via the nucleo-olivary pathway (N-O). Activation of the IO, which relays the unconditional stimulus (US) to the cortex, elicits characteristic complex spikes in Purkinje cells. Although Purkinje cell activity, as well as stimulation of the CN, is known to influence IO activity, much remains to be learned about the way that learned changes in simple spike firing affects the IO. In the present study, we analyzed changes in simple and complex spike firing, in extracellular Purkinje cell records, from the C3 zone, in decerebrate ferrets undergoing training in a conditioning paradigm. In agreement with the N-O feedback hypothesis, acquisition resulted in a gradual decrease in complex spike activity during the conditioned stimulus, with a delay that is consistent with the long N-O latency. Also supporting the feedback hypothesis, training with a short interstimulus interval (ISI), which does not lead to acquisition of a Purkinje cell CR, did not cause a suppression of complex spike activity. In contrast, observations that extinction did not lead to a recovery in complex spike activity and the irregular patterns of simple and complex spike activity after the conditioned stimulus are less conclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Rasmussen
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Associative Learning Group, Lund University Lund, Sweden ; Linneaus Center CCL, Lund University Lund, Sweden
| | - Dan-Anders Jirenhed
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Associative Learning Group, Lund University Lund, Sweden ; Linneaus Center CCL, Lund University Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Z Wetmore
- Department of Physics, James H. Clark Center for Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Germund Hesslow
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Associative Learning Group, Lund University Lund, Sweden ; Linneaus Center CCL, Lund University Lund, Sweden
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