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McFarland KN, Tiwari A, Hashem V, Zhang L, Zeng D, Vincent J, Arredondo MJ, Johnson KL, Gan SR, Yabe I, Skov L, Rasmussen A, Ashizawa T. Extended haplotype with rs41524547-G defines the ancestral origin of SCA10. Hum Mol Genet 2024:ddae092. [PMID: 38832639 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10) is a rare autosomal dominant ataxia caused by a large expansion of the (ATTCT)n repeat in ATXN10. SCA10 was described in Native American and Asian individuals which prompted a search for an expanded haplotype to confirm a common ancestral origin for the expansion event. All patients with SCA10 expansions in our cohort share a single haplotype defined at the 5'-end by the minor allele of rs41524547, located ~35 kb upstream of the SCA10 expansion. Intriguingly, rs41524547 is located within the miRNA gene, MIR4762, within its DROSHA cleavage site and just outside the seed sequence for mir4792-5p. The world-wide frequency of rs41524547-G is less than 5% and found almost exclusively in the Americas and East Asia-a geographic distribution that mirrors reported SCA10 cases. We identified rs41524547-G(+) DNA from the 1000 Genomes/International Genome Sample Resource and our own general population samples and identified SCA10 repeat expansions in up to 25% of these samples. The reduced penetrance of these SCA10 expansions may be explained by a young (pre-onset) age at sample collection, a small repeat size, purity of repeat units, or the disruption of miR4762-5p function. We conclude that rs41524547-G is the most robust at-risk SNP allele for SCA10, is useful for screening of SCA10 expansions in population genetics studies and provides the most compelling evidence to date for a single, prehistoric origin of SCA10 expansions sometime prior to or during the migration of individuals across the Bering Land Bridge into the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen N McFarland
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 South Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegeneration, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Anjana Tiwari
- Neuroscience Research Program and Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, 6560 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Vera Hashem
- Neuroscience Research Program and Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, 6560 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Linwei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Street 2, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Desmond Zeng
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 South Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Justin Vincent
- Neuroscience Research Program and Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, 6560 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Maria J Arredondo
- Neuroscience Research Program and Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, 6560 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Kristy L Johnson
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Shi Rui Gan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Lu, Tailing District, Fuzhou 362000, China
| | - Ichiro Yabe
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, 7 Chome Kita 15 Jonishi, Kita Ward, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Laurits Skov
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 81, 3., Building 1872, Aarhus C. DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Astrid Rasmussen
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 South Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
- Neuroscience Research Program and Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, 6560 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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Cornejo-Olivas M, Solis-Ponce L, Araujo-Aliaga I, Milla-Neyra K, Ortega O, Illanes-Manrique M, Mazzetti P, Manrique-Enciso C, Cubas-Montecino D, Saraiva-Pereira ML, Jardim LB, Sarapura-Castro E. Machado Joseph-Disease Is Rare in the Peruvian Population. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 22:1192-1199. [PMID: 36323979 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 or Machado-Joseph disease (MJD/SCA3) is the most prevalent autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia worldwide, but its frequency varies by geographic region. We describe MJD/SCA3 patients diagnosed in a tertiary healthcare institution in Peru. In a cohort of 341 individuals (253 probands) with clinical ataxia diagnosis, seven MJD/SCA3 probands were identified and their pedigrees extended, detecting a total of 18 MJD/SCA3 cases. Out of 506 alleles from all probands from this cohort, the 23-CAG repeat was the most common ATXN3 allele (31.8%), followed by the 14-CAG repeat allele (26.1%). Normal alleles ranged from 12 to 38 repeats while pathogenic alleles ranged from 64 to 75 repeats. We identified 80 large normal (LN) alleles (15.8%). Five out of seven families declared an affected family member traced back to foreign countries (England, Japan, China, and Trinidad and Tobago). MJD/SCA3 patients showed ataxia, accompanied by pyramidal signs, dysarthria, and dysphagia as well as abnormal oculomotor movements. In conclusion, ATXN3 allelic distribution in non-MJD/SCA3 patients with ataxia is similar to the distribution in normal individuals around the world, whereas LN allele frequency reinforces no correlation with the frequency of MJD/SCA3. Evidence of any atypical MJD/SCA3 phenotype was not found. Furthermore, haplotypes are required to confirm the foreign origin of MJD/SCA3 in the Peruvian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cornejo-Olivas
- Neurogenetics Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru.
- Carrera de Medicina Humana, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru.
| | - Lesly Solis-Ponce
- Neurogenetics Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru
- Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Ismael Araujo-Aliaga
- Neurogenetics Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Karina Milla-Neyra
- Neurogenetics Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Olimpio Ortega
- Neurogenetics Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Maryenela Illanes-Manrique
- Neurogenetics Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pilar Mazzetti
- Neurogenetics Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru
- Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Carla Manrique-Enciso
- Neurogenetics Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Diana Cubas-Montecino
- Neurogenetics Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Maria Luiza Saraiva-Pereira
- Serviço de Genética Médica e Centros de Pesquisa Clínica e Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Deptos. de Bioquímica e Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Laura B Jardim
- Serviço de Genética Médica e Centros de Pesquisa Clínica e Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Deptos. de Bioquímica e Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Loureiro JR, Castro AF, Figueiredo AS, Silveira I. Molecular Mechanisms in Pentanucleotide Repeat Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020205. [PMID: 35053321 PMCID: PMC8773600 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of neurodegenerative diseases resulting from repeat expansion has increased extraordinarily in recent years. In several of these pathologies, the repeat can be transcribed in RNA from both DNA strands producing, at least, one toxic RNA repeat that causes neurodegeneration by a complex mechanism. Recently, seven diseases have been found caused by a novel intronic pentanucleotide repeat in distinct genes encoding proteins highly expressed in the cerebellum. These disorders are clinically heterogeneous being characterized by impaired motor function, resulting from ataxia or epilepsy. The role that apparently normal proteins from these mutant genes play in these pathologies is not known. However, recent advances in previously known spinocerebellar ataxias originated by abnormal non-coding pentanucleotide repeats point to a gain of a toxic function by the pathogenic repeat-containing RNA that abnormally forms nuclear foci with RNA-binding proteins. In cells, RNA foci have been shown to be formed by phase separation. Moreover, the field of repeat expansions has lately achieved an extraordinary progress with the discovery that RNA repeats, polyglutamine, and polyalanine proteins are crucial for the formation of nuclear membraneless organelles by phase separation, which is perturbed when they are expanded. This review will cover the amazing advances on repeat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana R. Loureiro
- Genetics of Cognitive Dysfunction Laboratory, i3S- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (J.R.L.); (A.F.C.); (A.S.F.)
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana F. Castro
- Genetics of Cognitive Dysfunction Laboratory, i3S- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (J.R.L.); (A.F.C.); (A.S.F.)
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana S. Figueiredo
- Genetics of Cognitive Dysfunction Laboratory, i3S- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (J.R.L.); (A.F.C.); (A.S.F.)
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Silveira
- Genetics of Cognitive Dysfunction Laboratory, i3S- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (J.R.L.); (A.F.C.); (A.S.F.)
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-2240-8800
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