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Sun J, Jiang H, Du Y, Li CY, Wu TH, Liu YH, Yang BH, Mok GSP. Deep learning-based denoising in projection-domain and reconstruction-domain for low-dose myocardial perfusion SPECT. J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:970-985. [PMID: 35982208 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-022-03045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-dose (LD) myocardial perfusion (MP) SPECT suffers from high noise level, leading to compromised diagnostic accuracy. Here we investigated the denoising performance for MP-SPECT using a conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) in projection-domain (cGAN-prj) and reconstruction-domain (cGAN-recon). METHODS Sixty-four noisy SPECT projections were simulated for a population of 100 XCAT phantoms with different anatomical variations and 99mTc-sestamibi distributions. Series of LD projections were obtained by scaling the full dose (FD) count rate to be 1/20 to 1/2 of the original. Twenty patients with 99mTc-sestamibi stress SPECT/CT scans were retrospectively analyzed. For each patient, LD SPECT images (7/10 to 1/10 of FD) were generated from the FD list mode data. All projections were reconstructed by the quantitative OS-EM method. A 3D cGAN was implemented to predict FD images from their corresponding LD images in the projection- and reconstruction-domain. The denoised projections were reconstructed for analysis in various quantitative indices along with cGAN-recon, Gaussian, and Butterworth-filtered images. RESULTS cGAN denoising improves image quality as compared to LD and conventional post-reconstruction filtering. cGAN-prj can further reduce the dose level as compared to cGAN-recon without compromising the image quality. CONCLUSIONS Denoising based on cGAN-prj is superior to cGAN-recon for MP-SPECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhang Sun
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Han Jiang
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yu Du
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Chien-Ying Li
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tung-Hsin Wu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Hwa Liu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bang-Hung Yang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Greta S P Mok
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
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Du Y, Shang J, Sun J, Wang L, Liu YH, Xu H, Mok GSP. Deep-learning-based estimation of attenuation map improves attenuation correction performance over direct attenuation estimation for myocardial perfusion SPECT. J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:1022-1037. [PMID: 36097242 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-022-03092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep learning (DL)-based attenuation correction (AC) is promising to improve myocardial perfusion (MP) SPECT. We aimed to optimize and compare the DL-based direct and indirect AC methods, with and without SPECT and CT mismatch. METHODS One hundred patients with different 99mTc-sestamibi activity distributions and anatomical variations were simulated by a population of XCAT phantoms. Additionally, 34 patients 99mTc-sestamibi stress/rest SPECT/CT scans were retrospectively recruited. Projections were reconstructed by OS-EM method with or without AC. Mismatch between SPECT and CT images was modeled. A 3D conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) was optimized for two DL-based AC methods: (i) indirect approach, i.e., non-attenuation corrected (NAC) SPECT paired with the corresponding attenuation map for training. The projections were reconstructed with the DL-generated attenuation map for AC; (ii) direct approach, i.e., NAC SPECT paired with the corresponding AC SPECT for training to perform direct AC. RESULTS Mismatch between SPECT and CT degraded DL-based AC performance. The indirect approach is superior to direct approach for various physical and clinical indices, even with mismatch modeled. CONCLUSION DL-based estimation of attenuation map for AC is superior and more robust to direct generation of AC SPECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jingjie Shang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingzhang Sun
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Hwa Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Greta S P Mok
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
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Sun J, Yang BH, Li CY, Du Y, Liu YH, Wu TH, Mok GSP. Fast myocardial perfusion SPECT denoising using an attention-guided generative adversarial network. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1083413. [PMID: 36817784 PMCID: PMC9935600 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1083413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Deep learning-based denoising is promising for myocardial perfusion (MP) SPECT. However, conventional convolutional neural network (CNN)-based methods use fixed-sized convolutional kernels to convolute one region within the receptive field at a time, which would be ineffective for learning the feature dependencies across large regions. The attention mechanism (Att) is able to learn the relationships between the local receptive field and other voxels in the image. In this study, we propose a 3D attention-guided generative adversarial network (AttGAN) for denoising fast MP-SPECT images. Methods Fifty patients who underwent 1184 MBq 99mTc-sestamibi stress SPECT/CT scan were retrospectively recruited. Sixty projections were acquired over 180° and the acquisition time was 10 s/view for the full time (FT) mode. Fast MP-SPECT projection images (1 s to 7 s) were generated from the FT list mode data. We further incorporated binary patient defect information (0 = without defect, 1 = with defect) into AttGAN (AttGAN-def). AttGAN, AttGAN-def, cGAN, and Unet were implemented using Tensorflow with the Adam optimizer running up to 400 epochs. FT and fast MP-SPECT projection pairs of 35 patients were used for training the networks for each acquisition time, while 5 and 10 patients were applied for validation and testing. Five-fold cross-validation was performed and data for all 50 patients were tested. Voxel-based error indices, joint histogram, linear regression, and perfusion defect size (PDS) were analyzed. Results All quantitative indices of AttGAN-based networks are superior to cGAN and Unet on all acquisition time images. AttGAN-def further improves AttGAN performance. The mean absolute error of PDS by AttcGAN-def was 1.60 on acquisition time of 1 s/prj, as compared to 2.36, 2.76, and 3.02 by AttGAN, cGAN, and Unet. Conclusion Denoising based on AttGAN is superior to conventional CNN-based networks for MP-SPECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhang Sun
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Bang-Hung Yang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ying Li
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu Du
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yi-Hwa Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Tung-Hsin Wu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Tung-Hsin Wu,
| | - Greta S. P. Mok
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China,Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China,Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China,*Correspondence: Greta S. P. Mok,
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Robert A, Rit S, Baudier T, Jomier J, Sarrut D. Data-Driven Respiration-Gated SPECT for Liver Radioembolization. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2021.3137990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Robert
- Univ.Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1206, Lyon, France
| | - Simon Rit
- Univ.Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1206, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - David Sarrut
- Univ.Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1206, Lyon, France
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Sun J, Du Y, Li C, Wu TH, Yang B, Mok GSP. Pix2Pix generative adversarial network for low dose myocardial perfusion SPECT denoising. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022; 12:3539-3555. [PMID: 35782241 PMCID: PMC9246746 DOI: 10.21037/qims-21-1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial perfusion (MP) SPECT is a well-established method for diagnosing cardiac disease, yet its radiation risk poses safety concern. This study aims to apply and evaluate the use of Pix2Pix generative adversarial network (Pix2Pix GAN) in denoising low dose MP SPECT images. METHODS One hundred male and female patients with different 99mTc-sestamibi activity distributions, organ and body sizes were simulated by a population of digital 4D Extended Cardiac Torso (XCAT) phantoms. Realistic noisy SPECT projections of full dose of 987 MBq injection and 16 min acquisition, and low dose ranged from 1/20 to 1/2 of the full dose, were generated by an analytical projector from the right anterior oblique (RAO) to the left posterior oblique (LPO) positions. Additionally, twenty patients underwent ~1,184 MBq 99mTc-sestamibi stress SPECT/CT scan were also retrospectively recruited for the study. For each patient, low dose SPECT images (7/10 to 1/10 of full dose) were generated from the full dose list mode data. Our Pix2Pix GAN model was trained with full dose and low dose reconstructed SPECT image pairs. Normalized mean square error (NMSE), structural similarity index (SSIM), coefficient of variation (CV), full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) and relative defect size differences (RSD) of Pix2Pix GAN processed images were evaluated along with a reference convolutional auto encoder (CAE) network and post-reconstruction filters. RESULTS NMSE values of 0.0233±0.004 vs. 0.0249±0.004 and 0.0313±0.007 vs. 0.0579±0.016 were obtained on 1/2 and 1/20 dose level for Pix2Pix GAN and CAE in the simulation study, while they were 0.0376±0.010 vs. 0.0433±0.010 and 0.0907±0.020 vs. 0.1186±0.025 on 7/10 and 1/10 dose level in the clinical study. Similar results were also obtained from the SSIM, CV, FWHM and RSD values. Overall, the use of Pix2Pix GAN was superior to other denoising methods in all physical indices, particular in the lower dose levels in the simulation and clinical study. CONCLUSIONS The Pix2Pix GAN method is effective to reduce the noise level of low dose MP SPECT. Further studies on clinical performance are warranted to demonstrate its full clinical effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhang Sun
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yu Du
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - ChienYing Li
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei
| | - Tung-Hsin Wu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei
| | - BangHung Yang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei
| | - Greta S. P. Mok
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macau, China
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Sun J, Zhang Q, Du Y, Zhang D, Pretorius PH, King MA, Mok GSP. Dual gating myocardial perfusion SPECT denoising using a conditional generative adversarial network. Med Phys 2022; 49:5093-5106. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.15707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhang Sun
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau Macau SAR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau Macau SAR China
- Department of Computer and Information Science Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau Macau SAR China
| | - Yu Du
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau Macau SAR China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau Macau SAR China
- Research Center for Healthcare Data Science Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - P. Hendrik Pretorius
- Department of Radiology University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester USA
| | - Michael A. King
- Department of Radiology University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester USA
| | - Greta S. P. Mok
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau Macau SAR China
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences Institute of Collaborative Innovation University of Macau Macau SAR China
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Lu Z, Chen G, Lyu Y, Chen Y, Mok GSP. Technical Note: Respiratory impacts on static and respiratory gated 99m Tc-MAA SPECT/CT for liver radioembolization- A simulation study. Med Phys 2022; 49:5330-5339. [PMID: 35446448 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate respiratory impacts on static and respiratory gated (RG) 99m Tc-MAA SPECT in terms of respiratory motion (RM) blur, attenuation correction (AC) and volume-of-interest (VOI) segmentation on lung shunt faction (LSF) and tumor-to-normal liver ratio (TNR) estimation for liver radioembolization therapy planning. METHODS The XCAT phantom was used to simulate a population of 300 phantoms, modelling various anatomical variations, tumor characteristics, respiratory motion amplitudes, LSFs and TNRs. One hundred and twenty noisy projections of average activity maps near end-expiration (End-EX) and whole respiratory cycle were simulated analytically, modeling attenuation and geometric collimator-detector-response (GCDR). The OS-EM algorithm was employed for reconstruction, modeling AC and GCDR. RM effect was evaluated for static SPECT, while AC and VOI mismatch effects were investigated independently and together for static and RG SPECT utilizing one gate, i.e., End-EX. LSF and TNR errors were measured based on the ground truth. Lesions with different characteristics were also investigated for static and RG SPECT. RESULTS RM overestimates LSF and underestimates TNR. The VOI mismatch caused the largest errors in both RG and static SPECT for LSF and TNR estimation, reaching 160% and -52% correspondingly with extremely mismatched VOIs for RG SPECT, even larger than those for static SPECT. With matched AC and VOIs, RG SPECT has better performance than static SPECT. Larger TNR errors are associated with tumors of smaller sizes and higher TNR for static SPECT. CONCLUSIONS The VOI segmentation mismatch has a stronger impact, followed by RM and AC in static 99m Tc-MAA SPECT/CT. This effect is more pronounced for RG SPECT. When VOI masks are derived from a matched CT, RG SPECT is generally superior to static SPECT for LSF and TNR estimation. The performance of RG SPECT could be worse than static SPECT when a mismatched CT is used for segmentation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Lu
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Gefei Chen
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yingqing Lyu
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Greta S P Mok
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.,Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.,Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
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Lu Z, Chen G, Lin KH, Wu TH, Mok GSP. Evaluation of different CT maps for attenuation correction and segmentation in static 99m Tc-MAA SPECT/CT for 90 Y radioembolization treatment planning: A simulation study. Med Phys 2021; 48:3842-3851. [PMID: 34013551 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Conventional 99m Tc-macroaggregated albumin (99m Tc-MAA) planar scintigraphy overestimates lung shunt fraction (LSF) compared to SPECT/CT. However, the respiratory motion artifact due to the temporal mismatch between static SPECT and helical CT (HCT) may compromise the SPECT quantitation accuracy by incorrect attenuation correction (AC) and volume-of-interest (VOI) segmentation. This study aims to evaluate AC and VOI segmentation effects systematically and to propose a CT map for LSF and tumor-to-normal liver ratio (TNR) estimation in static 99m Tc-MAA SPECT/CT. METHODS The 4D XCAT phantom was used to simulate a phantom population of 120 phantoms, modeling 10 different anatomical variations, nine TNRs (2-13.2), nine tumor sizes (2-6.7 cm diameter), eight tumor locations, three axial motion amplitudes of 1, 1.5, and 2 (cm), and four LSFs of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. An analytical projector for low-energy high-resolution parallel-hole collimator was used to simulate 60 noisy projections over 360°, modeling attenuation and geometric collimator-detector response (GCDR). AC and VOI mismatch effects were investigated independently and together, using cine average CT (CACT), HCT at end-inspiration (HCT-IN), mid-respiration (HCT-MID), and end-expiration (HCT-EX) respectively as attenuation and segmentation maps. SPECT images without motion, AC, and VOI errors were also generated as reference. LSF and TNR errors were measured as compared to the ground truth. RESULTS HCT-MID has slightly better performance for AC effect compared with other CT maps in LSF and TNR estimation, while HCT-EX and HCT-MID perform better for VOI effect. For a respiratory motion amplitude of 1.5 cm and a LSF of 5%, the LSF errors are 19.56 ± 4.58%, -6.79 ± 1.74%, 77.29 ± 14.74%, and 111.25 ± 18.29% corresponding to HCT-MID, HCT-EX, HCT-IN, and CACT in static SPECT. The TNR errors are -12.38 ± 6.42%, -20.55 ± 11.25%, -20.89 ± 9.98%, and -22.89 ± 14.38% respectively. HCT-MID has the best performance for LSF estimation for LSF > 10% and TNR estimation, followed by HCT-EX, HCT-IN, and CACT. CONCLUSIONS The HCT-MID is recommended for AC and segmentation to alleviate respiratory artifacts and improve quantitation accuracy in 90 Y radioembolization treatment planning. HCT-EX would also be a recommended choice if HCT-MID is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Lu
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Gefei Chen
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Kuan-Heng Lin
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Industrial PhD Program of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hsin Wu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Greta S P Mok
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.,Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
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Dietze MMA, Kunnen B, Lam MGEH, de Jong HWAM. Interventional respiratory motion compensation by simultaneous fluoroscopic and nuclear imaging: a phantom study. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66:065001. [PMID: 33571969 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abe556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A compact and mobile hybrid c-arm scanner, capable of simultaneously acquiring nuclear and fluoroscopic projections and SPECT/CBCT, was developed to aid fluoroscopy-guided interventional procedures involving the administration of radionuclides (e.g. hepatic radioembolization). However, as in conventional SPECT/CT, the acquired nuclear images may be deteriorated by patient respiratory motion. We propose to perform compensation for respiratory motion by extracting the motion signal from fluoroscopic projections so that the nuclear counts can be gated into motion bins. The purpose of this study is to quantify the performance of this motion compensation technique with phantom experiments. METHODS Anthropomorphic phantom configurations that are representative of distributions obtained during the pre-treatment procedure of hepatic radioembolization were placed on a stage that translated with three different motion patterns. Fluoroscopic projections and nuclear counts were simultaneously acquired under planar and SPECT/CBCT imaging. The planar projections were visually assessed. The SPECT reconstructions were visually assessed and quantitatively assessed by calculating the activity recovery of the spherical inserts in the phantom. RESULTS The planar nuclear projections of the translating anthropomorphic phantom were blurry when no motion compensation was applied. With motion compensation, the nuclear projections became representative of the stationary phantom nuclear projection. Similar behavior was observed for the visual quality of SPECT reconstructions. The mean error of the activity recovery in the uncompensated SPECT reconstructions was 15.8% ± 0.9% for stable motion, 11.9% ± 0.9% for small variations, and 11.0% ± 0.9% for large variations. When applying motion compensation, the mean error decreased to 1.8% ± 1.6% for stable motion, 2.2% ± 1.5% for small variations, and 5.2% ± 2.5% for large variations. CONCLUSION A compact and mobile hybrid c-arm scanner, capable of simultaneously acquiring nuclear and fluoroscopic projections, can perform compensation for respiratory motion. Such motion compensation results in sharper planar nuclear projections and increases the quantitative accuracy of the SPECT reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn M A Dietze
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Utrecht University and University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Image Sciences Institute, Utrecht University and University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Mok GSP, Dewaraja YK. Recent advances in voxel-based targeted radionuclide therapy dosimetry. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:483-489. [PMID: 33532249 PMCID: PMC7779928 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Greta S. P. Mok
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yuni K. Dewaraja
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Zhang D, Sun J, Pretorius PH, King M, Mok GSP. Clinical evaluation of three respiratory gating schemes for different respiratory patterns on cardiac SPECT. Med Phys 2020; 47:4223-4232. [PMID: 32583468 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Respiratory gating reduces respiratory blur in cardiac single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). It can be implemented as three gating schemes: (a) equal amplitude-based gating (AG); (b) phase or time-based gating (TG); or (c) equal count-based gating (CG), that is, a variant of amplitude-based method. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of these respiratory gating methods for patients with different respiratory patterns in myocardial perfusion SPECT. METHODS We reviewed 1274 anonymized patient respiratory traces obtained via the Vicon motion-tracking system during their 99m Tc-sestamibi SPECT scans and grouped them into four breathing categories: (a) regular respiration (RR); (b) periodic respiration (PR); (c) respiration with apnea (AR); and (d) unclassified respiration (UR). For each respiratory pattern, 15 patients were randomly selected and their list-mode data were rebinned using the three gating schemes. A preliminary reconstruction was performed for each gate with the heart region segmented and registered to a reference gate to estimate the respiratory motion. A final reconstruction incorporating respiratory motion correction was done to get a final image set. The estimated respiratory motion, the full-width-at-half-maxima (FWHM) measured across the image intensity profile of the left ventricle wall, as well as the normalized standard deviation measured in a uniform cuboid region of the thorax were analyzed. RESULTS There are 47.1%, 24.3%, 13.5%, and 15.1% RR, PR, AR, and UR patients, respectively, among the 1274 patients in this study. The differences among the three gating schemes in RR were smaller than other respiratory patterns. The AG and CG methods showed statistically larger motion estimation than TG particularly in the AR and PR patterns. Noise of AG varied more in different gates, especially for AR and UR patterns. CONCLUSION More than half of the patients reviewed exhibited nonregular breathing patterns. Amplitude-based gating, that is, AG and CG, is a preferred gating method for such patterns and is a robust respiratory gating implementation method given the respiratory pattern of the patients is unknown before data acquisition. Phase gating is also a feasible option for regular respiratory pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Zhang
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jingzhang Sun
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - P Hendrik Pretorius
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA
| | - Michael King
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA
| | - Greta S P Mok
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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Okuda K, Nakajima K. Has the era of dual-gated myocardial perfusion SPECT and PET arrived? J Nucl Cardiol 2020; 27:648-650. [PMID: 30311136 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-018-1439-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Okuda
- Department of Physics, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Nakajima
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
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13
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Zhang Q, Zhang D, Mok GSP. Comparison of Different Attenuation Correction Methods for Dual Gating Myocardial Perfusion SPECT/CT. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2019.2899066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Zhang D, Ghaly M, Mok GSP. InterpolatedCTfor attenuation correction on respiratory gating cardiacSPECT/CT— A simulation study. Med Phys 2019; 46:2621-2628. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Duo Zhang
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau Macau SAR China
| | - Michael Ghaly
- Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA
- Radiopharmaceutical Imaging and Dosimetry (RAPID), LLC Baltimore MD USA
| | - Greta S. P. Mok
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau Macau SAR China
- Faculty of Health Sciences University of Macau Macau SAR China
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