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Hou C, Liu XY, Du Y, Cheng LG, Liu LP, Nie F, Zhang W, He W. Radiomics in Carotid Plaque: A Systematic Review and Radiomics Quality Score Assessment. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2023; 49:2437-2445. [PMID: 37718124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Imaging modalities provide information on plaque morphology and vulnerability; however, they are operator dependent and miss a great deal of microscopic information. Recently, many radiomics models for carotid plaque that identify unstable plaques and predict cardiovascular outcomes have been proposed. This systematic review was aimed at assessing whether radiomics is a reliable and reproducible method for the clinical prediction of carotid plaque. A systematic search was conducted to identify studies published in PubMed and Cochrane library from January 1, 2001, to September 30, 2022. Both retrospective and prospective studies that developed and/or validated machine learning models based on radiomics data to classify or predict carotid plaques were included. The general characteristics of each included study were selected, and the methodological quality of radiomics reports and risk of bias were evaluated using the radiomics quality score (RQS) tool and Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2, respectively. Two investigators independently reviewed each study, and the consensus data were used for analysis. A total of 2429 patients from 16 studies were included. The mean area under the curve of radiomics models for diagnostic or predictive performance of the included studies was 0.88 ± 0.02, with a range of 0.741-0.989. The mean RQS was 9.25 (standard deviation: 6.04), representing 25.7% of the possible maximum value of 36, whereas the lowest point was -2, and the highest score was 22. Radiomics models have revealed additional information on patients with carotid plaque, but with respect to methodological quality, radiomics reports are still in their infancy, and many hurdles need to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hou
- Department of Ultrasound, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China; Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yao Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Gang Cheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Ping Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Fang Nie
- Department of Ultrasound, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen He
- Department of Ultrasound, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China; Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Motwani M. 2022 Artificial intelligence primer for the nuclear cardiologist. J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:2441-2453. [PMID: 35854041 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-022-03049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Driven by advances in computing power, the past decade has seen rapid developments in artificial intelligence (AI) which now offers potential enhancements to every aspect of nuclear cardiology workflow including acquisition, reconstruction, segmentation, direct image analysis, and interpretation; as well as facilitating clinical and imaging big-data integration for superior personalized risk stratification. To understand the relevance and potential of AI in their field, this review provides a primer for nuclear cardiologists in 2022. The aim is to explain terminology and provide a summary of key current implementations, challenges, and future aspirations of AI-based enhancements to nuclear cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Motwani
- Department of Cardiology, Manchester Heart Institute, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Hagio T, Murthy VL. Deep learning: Opening a third eye to myocardial perfusion imaging. J Nucl Cardiol 2022; 29:3311-3314. [PMID: 35554868 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-022-02959-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoe Hagio
- INVIA Medical Imaging Solutions, 3025 Boardwalk St, Suite 200, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA.
| | - Venkatesh L Murthy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Wu JN, Li MQ, Xie F, Zhang B. Gestational week-specific of uterine artery Doppler indices in predicting preeclampsia: a hospital-based retrospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:843. [PMID: 34952577 PMCID: PMC8705461 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plenty of studies explored the relationship between uterine artery (UtA) Doppler indices and the onset of preeclampsia at different trimesters. However, few studies test the gestational week-specific predictive value of the UtA indices for subsequent preeclampsia and compare the difference of right or left UtA indices (e.g., pulsatility or resistance index [PI or RI]). METHODS Hospital-based retrospective cohort study of singleton pregnant women who received the Doppler test between 2012 and 2016 was conducted in 2018. The predictive performance of the UtA indices for preeclampsia and its variants, including early-onset preeclampsia (< 34 weeks) and preterm preeclampsia (< 37 weeks), was estimated. RESULTS The UtA indices, with a cutoff value of 1.11 for the right and left UtA-PI, and 0.66 and 0.63 for the right and left UtA-RI, respectively, were effective predictors for subsequent preeclampsia. The prediction was satisfactory at the 9th week of the Doppler scan: areas under the curve ≥ 0.80, the Youden index ranging from 0.54 to 0.58, the sensitivity of 63.2 ~ 73.7%, and the specificity 84.2 ~ 91.3%, respectively. The UtA indices had comparable performance in screening for early-onset and preterm preeclampsia but showed lower predictive value for late-onset cases. Among these indices, the right UtA-RI had the highest specificity (all P < 0.01), while the left UtA-PI showed good authenticity (higher Youden index) in predicting the disorder. CONCLUSIONS The second-trimester measured UtA indices had a satisfactory performance at the 9th week in predicting subsequent preeclampsia. The right UtA-RI was the first choice in ruling out preeclampsia, while the left UtA-PI showed the best authenticity of the prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Nan Wu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 566 Fangxie Rd, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 566 Fangxie Rd, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Xie
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 566 Fangxie Rd, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 566 Fangxie Rd, Shanghai, 200011, China
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Motwani M. Hiding beyond plain sight: Textural analysis of positron emission tomography to identify high-risk plaques in carotid atherosclerosis. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:1872-1874. [PMID: 31832886 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01981-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Motwani
- Department of Cardiology, Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Slart RHJA, Williams MC, Juarez-Orozco LE, Rischpler C, Dweck MR, Glaudemans AWJM, Gimelli A, Georgoulias P, Gheysens O, Gaemperli O, Habib G, Hustinx R, Cosyns B, Verberne HJ, Hyafil F, Erba PA, Lubberink M, Slomka P, Išgum I, Visvikis D, Kolossváry M, Saraste A. Position paper of the EACVI and EANM on artificial intelligence applications in multimodality cardiovascular imaging using SPECT/CT, PET/CT, and cardiac CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:1399-1413. [PMID: 33864509 PMCID: PMC8113178 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05341-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In daily clinical practice, clinicians integrate available data to ascertain the diagnostic and prognostic probability of a disease or clinical outcome for their patients. For patients with suspected or known cardiovascular disease, several anatomical and functional imaging techniques are commonly performed to aid this endeavor, including coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and nuclear cardiology imaging. Continuous improvement in positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and CT hardware and software has resulted in improved diagnostic performance and wide implementation of these imaging techniques in daily clinical practice. However, the human ability to interpret, quantify, and integrate these data sets is limited. The identification of novel markers and application of machine learning (ML) algorithms, including deep learning (DL) to cardiovascular imaging techniques will further improve diagnosis and prognostication for patients with cardiovascular diseases. The goal of this position paper of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) is to provide an overview of the general concepts behind modern machine learning-based artificial intelligence, highlights currently prefered methods, practices, and computational models, and proposes new strategies to support the clinical application of ML in the field of cardiovascular imaging using nuclear cardiology (hybrid) and CT techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riemer H J A Slart
- Medical Imaging Centre, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Faculty of Science and Technology Biomedical, Photonic Imaging, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Michelle C Williams
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging facility QMRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Luis Eduardo Juarez-Orozco
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Rischpler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marc R Dweck
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging facility QMRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andor W J M Glaudemans
- Medical Imaging Centre, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Panagiotis Georgoulias
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Olivier Gheysens
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Gilbert Habib
- APHM, Cardiology Department, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Roland Hustinx
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Oncological Imaging, Department of Medical Physics, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Cosyns
- Department of Cardiology, Centrum voor Hart en Vaatziekten, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, 101 Laarbeeklaan, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hein J Verberne
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabien Hyafil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, DMU IMAGINA, Georges-Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75015, Paris, France
- University of Paris, PARCC, INSERM, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Paola A Erba
- Medical Imaging Centre, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine (P.A.E.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine (P.A.E.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mark Lubberink
- Department of Surgical Sciences/Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Medical Physics, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Piotr Slomka
- Department of Imaging, Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ivana Išgum
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105, Amsterdam, AZ, Netherlands
| | | | - Márton Kolossváry
- MTA-SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 68 Városmajor Street, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Karagiannidis E, Papazoglou AS, Stalikas N, Deda O, Panteris E, Begou O, Sofidis G, Moysidis DV, Kartas A, Chatzinikolaou E, Keklikoglou K, Bompoti A, Gika H, Theodoridis G, Sianos G. Serum Ceramides as Prognostic Biomarkers of Large Thrombus Burden in Patients with STEMI: A Micro-Computed Tomography Study. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020089. [PMID: 33572568 PMCID: PMC7911549 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The identification of novel metabolic and imaging biomarkers could unveil key pathophysiological mechanisms at the molecular level and promote personalized care in patients with acute coronary syndromes. We studied 38 patients with STEMI who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention and thrombus aspiration. We sought to correlate serum ceramide levels with micro-CT quantified aspirated thrombus volume and relevant angiographic outcomes, including modified TIMI thrombus grade and pre- or post-procedural TIMI flow. Higher ceramide C16:0 levels were significantly but weakly correlated with larger aspirated thrombus volume (Spearman r = 0.326, p = 0.046), larger intracoronary thrombus burden (TB; p = 0.030) and worse pre- and post-procedural TIMI flow (p = 0.049 and p = 0.039, respectively). Ceramides C24:0 and C24:1 were also significantly associated with larger intracoronary TB (p = 0.008 and p = 0.001, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that ceramides C24:0 and C24:1 could significantly predict higher intracoronary TB (area under the curve: 0.788, 95% CI: 0.629-0.946 and 0.846, 95% CI: 0.706-0.985, respectively). In conclusion, serum ceramide levels were higher among patients with larger intracoronary and aspirated TB. This suggests that quantification of serum ceramides might improve risk-stratification of patients with STEMI and facilitate an individualized approach in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstratios Karagiannidis
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (A.S.P.); (N.S.); (G.S.); (D.V.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Andreas S. Papazoglou
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (A.S.P.); (N.S.); (G.S.); (D.V.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Nikolaos Stalikas
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (A.S.P.); (N.S.); (G.S.); (D.V.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Olga Deda
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (O.D.); (E.P.); (H.G.)
- Biomic_AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (O.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Eleftherios Panteris
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (O.D.); (E.P.); (H.G.)
- Biomic_AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (O.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Olga Begou
- Biomic_AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (O.B.); (G.T.)
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Sofidis
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (A.S.P.); (N.S.); (G.S.); (D.V.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Dimitrios V. Moysidis
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (A.S.P.); (N.S.); (G.S.); (D.V.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Anastasios Kartas
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (A.S.P.); (N.S.); (G.S.); (D.V.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Evangelia Chatzinikolaou
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (E.C.); (K.K.)
| | - Kleoniki Keklikoglou
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (E.C.); (K.K.)
- Biology Department, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Helen Gika
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (O.D.); (E.P.); (H.G.)
- Biomic_AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (O.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Georgios Theodoridis
- Biomic_AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (O.B.); (G.T.)
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Sianos
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (A.S.P.); (N.S.); (G.S.); (D.V.M.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310994837
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Ravikanth R. Role of 18F-FDG positron emission tomography in carotid atherosclerotic plaque imaging: A systematic review. World J Nucl Med 2020; 19:327-335. [PMID: 33623500 PMCID: PMC7875029 DOI: 10.4103/wjnm.wjnm_26_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke and other thromboembolic events in the brain are often due to carotid artery atherosclerosis, and atherosclerotic plaques with inflammation are considered particularly vulnerable, with an increased risk of becoming symptomatic. Positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-deoxy-2-[Fluorine-18] fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) provides valuable metabolic information regarding arteriosclerotic lesions and may be applied for the detection of vulnerable plaque. At present, however, patients are selected for carotid surgical intervention on the basis of the degree of stenosis alone, and not the vulnerability or inflammation of the lesion. During the past decade, research using PET with the glucose analog tracer 18F-fluor-deoxy-glucose, has been implemented for identifying increased tracer uptake in symptomatic carotid plaques, and tracer uptake has been shown to correlate with plaque inflammation and vulnerability. These findings imply that 18F-FDG PET might hold the promise for a new and better diagnostic test to identify patients eligible for carotid endarterectomy. The rationale for developing diagnostic tests based on molecular imaging with 18F-FDG PET, as well as methods for simple clinical PET approaches, are discussed. This is a systematic review, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines, which interrogated the PUBMED database from January 2001 to November 2019. The search combined the terms, “atherosclerosis,” “inflammation,” “FDG,” and “plaque imaging.” The search criteria included all types of studies, with a primary outcome of the degree of arterial vascular inflammation determined by 18F-FDG uptake. This review examines the role of 18F-FDG PET imaging in the characterization of atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reddy Ravikanth
- Department of Radiology, St. John's Hospital, Kattappana, Kerala, India
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