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Polyong CP, Thetkathuek A. Comparison of acetylcholinesterase among employees based on job positions and personal protective equipment in fuel station. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2023; 38:e2023018-0. [PMID: 37853699 PMCID: PMC10613560 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2023018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) among employees based on job positions and the wearing of personal protective equipment (PPE) in fuel station areas. The sample group consisted of 200 people sorted into various groups, including (i) Inside fuel dispenser area (I-FDA) group consisting of 100 employees for refueling, cashier, and loading fuel into storage tanks, and (ii) Outside fuel dispenser area (O-FDA) group, consisting of 100 employees working in convenience stores, food stores, coffee shops, and offices, as well as general staff and car washers. Data were collected using interview questionnaires and blood samples were analyzed for AChE activity. The results showed that the I-FDA group had a significantly lower mean of serum AChE (7.38±1.73 U/ml) than the O-FDA group (7.85±1.49 U/ml) (p<0.05). The I-FDA group had a 2.43 times higher risk of abnormal serum AChE than the O-FDA group (OR=2.43, 95%CI=1.05-5.60). When considering the risk factors for job positions, it was found that refueling and cashier positions had lower AChE activity levels than those who did not (p<0.05). In the part, employees for food sales in a closed building and those wearing PPE masks had significantly higher AChE activity levels than those who did not or who wore them (p<0.05). Based on the aforementioned, employers at fuel stations should strictly determine the appropriate measures for wearing a PPE mask. Further, employees should be provided accommodation away from oil supply or enclosed buildings during breaks to reduce the effects on the neurotransmitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Pattama Polyong
- Occupational Health and Safety Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University, Bangkok 10600, Thailand
| | - Anamai Thetkathuek
- Department of Industrial Hygiene and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Burapha University, Chonburi Province 20131, Thailand
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Owusu BA, Lim A, Pongsiri N, Intawong C, Rheanpumikankit S, Suksri S, Ingviya T. Latent Trajectories of Haematological, Hepatic, and Renal Profiles after Oil Spill Exposure: A Longitudinal Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2871. [PMID: 36833568 PMCID: PMC9956276 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in crude oil has carcinogenic effects on various organ systems. This longitudinal cohort study examined the effects of oil spill exposure on the haematological, hepatic, and renal profiles of Rayong oil spill clean-up workers. The sample included 869 clean-up workers from the Rayong oil spill. Latent class mixture models were used to investigate and classify the longitudinal trajectories and trends of the haematological, hepatic, and renal indices. Subgroup analysis was used to evaluate the association between the urinary metabolites of PAHs and VOCs and haematological, hepatic, and renal parameters. Most clean-up workers (97.6%) had increasing levels of white blood cells (WBCs) (0.03 × 103 cells/µL), 94.90% of the workers had a significantly increasing trend of blood urea nitrogen (0.31 mg/dL per year), and 87.20% had a significantly increasing trend of serum creatinine (0.01 mg/dL per year). A high-decreasing trend of WBCs was seen in 2.42% (-0.73 × 103 per year). Post-exposure changes in haematological, renal, and hepatic profiles are present in workers exposed to the Rayong oil spill. This indicates possible long-term health complications and worsening renal function after exposure to PAHs and VOCs in crude oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Atta Owusu
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand
- Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation Centre, Kumasi AOK569, Ghana
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai Campus, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Division of Digital Innovation and Data Analytics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai Campus, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Apiradee Lim
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai Campus, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Nitinun Pongsiri
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand
- Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation Centre, Kumasi AOK569, Ghana
| | - Chanthip Intawong
- Occupational Medicine Department, Rayong Hospital, Rayong 21000, Thailand
| | | | - Saijit Suksri
- Rayong Provincial Public Health Office, Rayong 21000, Thailand
| | - Thammasin Ingviya
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai Campus, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Division of Digital Innovation and Data Analytics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai Campus, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai Campus, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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Mithun Sundhar B, Rajan GK. Characterizing ocean surface contamination: Composition, film thickness, and rheology. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 186:114287. [PMID: 36535233 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of the air-sea interface contributes to wave dissipation, which in turn affects the exchange of momentum and energy between the fluids. In this work, the interfacial region between ocean and atmosphere is investigated to determine its composition, vertical extent, and rhelogical behavior. It is found that average thicknesses of interfacial layers on the ocean, such as those resulting from oil spills, could vary from a few hundreds of nanometers to a few millimeters. In addition to oil, interfacial layers also consist of emulsions, plankton, and chemical compounds, and are expected to be non-Newtonian due to their complex composition. To confirm this, fluid samples (mixtures of water-oil emulsions and skimmed off top layer of a month-old Phormidium sp. strain introduced in artificial seawater nutrient medium) that loosely model an interfacial layer are prepared in the laboratory, and their rheological characteristics are investigated using a rheometer. All the samples exhibit shear thinning behavior within the considered ranges for temperature and shear rate. It is recommended that models for wave dissipation account for both the finite thickness of an interfacial fluid layer and its non-Newtonian behavior, for consistency with the ocean-atmosphere system.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mithun Sundhar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, AP 517619, India
| | - Girish Kumar Rajan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, AP 517619, India.
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Haematological, renal, and hepatic function changes among Rayong oil spill clean-up workers: a longitudinal study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:1481-1489. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01834-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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