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Žitek T, Bjelić D, Kotnik P, Golle A, Jurgec S, Potočnik U, Knez Ž, Finšgar M, Krajnc I, Krajnc I, Marevci MK. Natural Hemp-Ginger Extract and Its Biological and Therapeutic Efficacy. Molecules 2022; 27:7694. [PMID: 36431795 PMCID: PMC9697267 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevention and treatment of skin diseases remains a major challenge in medicine. The search for natural active ingredients that can be used to prevent the development of the disease and complement treatment is on the rise. Natural extracts of ginger and hemp offer a wide range of bioactive compounds with potential health benefits. This study evaluates the effectiveness of hemp and ginger extract as a supportive treatment for skin diseases. It reports a synergistic effect of hemp and ginger extract. The contents of cannabinoids and components of ginger are determined, with the highest being CBD (587.17 ± 8.32 µg/g) and 6-gingerol (60.07 ± 0.40 µg/g). The minimum inhibitory concentration for Staphylococcus aureus (156.5 µg/mL), Escherichia coli (625.2 µg/mL) and Candida albicans (78.3 µg/mL) was also analyzed. Analysis of WM-266-4 cells revealed the greatest decrease in metabolic activity in cells exposed to the extract at a concentration of 1.00 µg/mL. Regarding the expression of genes associated with cellular processes, melanoma aggressiveness, resistance and cell survival, a significant difference was found in the expression of ABCB5, CAV1 and S100A9 compared with the control (cells not exposed to the extract).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taja Žitek
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ul. 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Dragana Bjelić
- Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry and Industrial Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ul. 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Petra Kotnik
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ul. 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ul. 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Golle
- National Laboratory for Health, Environment and Food, Prvomajska ul. 1, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Staša Jurgec
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ul. 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genomics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ul. 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Potočnik
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ul. 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genomics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ul. 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ul. 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Željko Knez
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ul. 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ul. 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Finšgar
- Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry and Industrial Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ul. 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Ivan Krajnc
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ul. 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ul. 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Igor Krajnc
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Clinical Center Maribor, Ljubljanska ul. 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Maša Knez Marevci
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ul. 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Guo S, Chen J, Yi X, Lu Z, Guo W. Identification and validation of ferroptosis-related lncRNA signature as a prognostic model for skin cutaneous melanoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:985051. [PMID: 36248853 PMCID: PMC9556814 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.985051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma is a type of skin cancer, which originates from the malignant transformation of epidermal melanocytes, with extremely high lethality. Ferroptosis has been documented to be highly related to cancer pathogenesis and the effect of immunotherapy. In addition, the dysregulation of lncRNAs is greatly implicated in melanoma progression and ferroptosis regulation. However, the significance of ferroptosis-related lncRNA in melanoma treatment and the prognosis of melanoma patients remains elusive. Methods Via Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis in the TCGA SKCM database, a cutaneous melanoma risk model was established based on differentially-expressed ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (DEfrlncRNAs). The nomogram, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and calibration plots were conducted to examine the predictive performance of this model. Sequentially, we continued to analyze the differences between the high- and low-risk groups, in terms of clinical characteristics, immune cell infiltration, immune-related functions, and chemotherapy drug sensitivity. Moreover, the expressions of DEfrlncRNAs, PD-L1, and CD8 were also examined by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining in melanoma tissues to further confirm the potential clinical implication of DEfrlncRNAs in melanoma immunotherapy. Results 16 DEfrlncRNAs were identified, and a representative risk score for patient survival was constructed based on these 16 genes. The risk score was found to be an independent prognostic factor for the survival of melanoma patients. In addition, the low-risk group of patients had higher immune cell infiltration in the melanoma lesions, higher sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents, and a better survival prognosis. Besides, the high expression of the identified 5 DEfrlncRNA in the low-risk group might suggest a higher possibility to benefit from immune checkpoint blockade therapy in the treatment of melanoma. Conclusion The DEfrlncRNA risk prediction model related to ferroptosis genes can independently predict the prognosis of patients with melanoma and provide a basis for evaluating the response of clinical treatment in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianru Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiuli Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zifan Lu
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Weinan Guo, ; Zifan Lu,
| | - Weinan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Weinan Guo, ; Zifan Lu,
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Heart Dissemination: A Clinical Case of Melanoma. Case Rep Med 2021; 2021:8562402. [PMID: 34306093 PMCID: PMC8263222 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8562402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Primitive malignant heart tumours are rare, specific cases. The presence of cardiac metastases, often in the pericardium, besides indicating disseminated oncological disease, represents a diagnostic challenge since they tend to be asymptomatic. Malignant cutaneous melanoma (MCM) is the neoplasm that most often affects the heart. Patients and Methods. The authors describe a case report of a 59-year-old female patient with a history of non-insulin-treated diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and remitting cutaneous malignant melanoma who underwent skin excision, lymphadenectomy, and adjuvant chemotherapy in 1996. In April 2014, she resorted to emergency service due to epigastric pain and progressive tiredness. Due to the persistence of the complaints, abdominal ultrasound was performed, which showed a large pericardial effusion, corroborated later by teleradiography and echocardiography. The patient underwent pericardiocentesis, which isolated neoplastic cells. A computed tomography study of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis revealed bilateral and pericardial pleural effusion, as well as alterations suggestive of pericardial and pulmonary metastasis. Later, fine-needle aspiration puncture of the left posterior cervical nodule confirmed histologically malignant melanoma metastasis. Discussion. Given the natural history of melanoma that when metastasized has an overall survival of 15–20% for 5 years, its metastatic spread may occur several years after its surgical excision. Thus, patients with a history of melanoma and heart failure who develop new cardiac symptoms of unknown aetiology should undergo imaging studies such as echocardiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging.
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Thyagarajan B, Bryant C, Khanna AK. An Incidental Finding of Coronary-cameral Fistulas in a Critically Ill Patient with a Metastatic Cardiac Tumor. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021; 25:340-342. [PMID: 33790519 PMCID: PMC7991753 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is extremely rare for a cardiac tumor to present with coronary-cameral fistulas. A 66-year-old Caucasian male presented with worsening dyspnea and subsequently had a cardiac catheterization for an ST-elevation myocardial infarction, revealing no evidence of coronary artery disease but multiple coronary-cameral fistulas. Venoarterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was initiated for a severe cardiogenic shock. Workups including a transesophageal echocardiography and a right heart catheterization led to a diagnosis of metastatic melanoma involving both ventricles of his heart. Angiogenesis is well described in melanomas and our novel case reports the extremely rare association of coronary-cameral fistulas with a metastatic cardiac melanoma. How to cite this article: Thyagarajan B, Bryant C, Khanna AK. An Incidental Finding of Coronary-cameral Fistulas in a Critically Ill Patient with a Metastatic Cardiac Tumor. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(3):340-342.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braghadheeswar Thyagarajan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Section on Critical Care Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Casey Bryant
- Department of Anesthesiology, Section on Critical Care Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Ashish K Khanna
- Department of Anesthesiology, Section on Critical Care Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States and Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Parida GK, Kumar A, Mitra S, Suman A, Muthu GS. Rare Case of Cardiac Metastasis in a Patient with Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Foot Detected on 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography. Indian J Nucl Med 2020; 35:258-259. [PMID: 33082690 PMCID: PMC7537920 DOI: 10.4103/ijnm.ijnm_31_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) metastasizes most commonly to the regional lymph nodes and lungs. Metastasis to heart, although described in literature, is a very rare phenomenon. We present the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography findings in a 50-year-old woman who was a biopsy-proven case of SCC left foot, showing cardiac metastasis in addition to lymph nodes, lungs, and skeletal metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Kumar Parida
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sujata Mitra
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Akchata Suman
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Gopal Sonai Muthu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
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Burazor I, Aviel-Ronen S, Imazio M, Goitein O, Perelman M, Shelestovich N, Radovanovic N, Kanjuh V, Barshack I, Adler Y. Metastatic cardiac tumors: from clinical presentation through diagnosis to treatment. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:202. [PMID: 29463229 PMCID: PMC5819646 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the prevalence of metastatic tumors involving the myocardium and study their presentation in order to increase awareness to their existence. METHODS Pathological reports from Sheba Medical Center (Israel, January 1, 2010 through December 31, 2015) and medical records from The Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica (Serbia, 23 years period) were screened for cases of metastatic cardiac tumors. Medical, radiological and pathological data of identified cases was retrieved and reviewed. RESULTS Out of thousands of registered cardiac surgeries we found less than a dozen cases of metastatic cardiac tumors classified as melanoma, carcinomas of lung, colon and kidney and sarcomas of uterine origin. We found that metastatic cardiac tumors comprised 15.8% of all the cardiac tumors. CONCLUSIONS Metastatic cardiac tumors are extremely rare. As new diagnostic technologies and improved survival of oncological patients may increase the incidence of metastatic cardiac tumors in the future, awareness to their existence and knowledge of their presentation are key factors in their timely recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Burazor
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Rehabilitation, Belgrade, Serbia
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sarit Aviel-Ronen
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Massimo Imazio
- Department of Cardiology, Maria Vittoria Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Orly Goitein
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Marina Perelman
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Ninoslav Radovanovic
- Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
- The Board on Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Medical Sciences, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Kanjuh
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- The Board on Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Medical Sciences, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Iris Barshack
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yehuda Adler
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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7
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Ambrus N, Havasi K, Kalapos A, Sághy L, Makai A, Bogáts G, Hegedűs Z, Iványi B, Besenyi Z, Pápai Z, Nagy L, Forster T, Nemes A. Primary cardiac angiosarcoma: A case report. Echocardiography 2018; 35:267-271. [PMID: 29349900 DOI: 10.1111/echo.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac angiosarcomas are the most common primary malignant cardiac tumors in adults. The diagnosis is often delayed due to nonspecific clinical symptoms at presentation. The cornerstones of diagnosis are echocardiography and the histological evaluation of the cardiac biopsy. The knowledge on the treatment is limited; the outcomes of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, complete surgical removal, and heart transplantation are controversial. We report a 38-year-old woman with a primary heart tumor which infiltrated the right atrial wall and the pericardium and caused pericardial effusion. Angiosarcoma was verified histologically. The surgical excision could not be radical, and the patient died 3 months from diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Ambrus
- Faculty of Medicine, Second Department of Medicine and Cardiology Center, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kálmán Havasi
- Faculty of Medicine, Second Department of Medicine and Cardiology Center, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anita Kalapos
- Faculty of Medicine, Second Department of Medicine and Cardiology Center, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Sághy
- Faculty of Medicine, Second Department of Medicine and Cardiology Center, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Makai
- Faculty of Medicine, Second Department of Medicine and Cardiology Center, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Bogáts
- Faculty of Medicine, Second Department of Medicine and Cardiology Center, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Hegedűs
- Faculty of Medicine, Second Department of Medicine and Cardiology Center, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Béla Iványi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Besenyi
- Affidea Diagnostics and Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Pápai
- Department of Oncology, Hungarian Defence Forces Military Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Nagy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. István Bugyi Hospital, Szentes, Hungary
| | - Tamás Forster
- Faculty of Medicine, Second Department of Medicine and Cardiology Center, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Nemes
- Faculty of Medicine, Second Department of Medicine and Cardiology Center, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Durham CG, Hall JA, Fidone EJ, Mack R, Metting AL. Melanoma to the heart. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2017; 29:428-429. [PMID: 27695188 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2016.11929500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the third most common skin cancer yet has the highest mortality rate due to its predilection for metastasis. While the diagnosis of antemortem melanoma with cardiac metastasis is relatively uncommon, diagnosing malignant melanoma itself by first identifying a cardiac metastasis is even more rare. This vignette describes an antemortem diagnosis of melanoma in a 50-year-old woman through identification of metastasis to multiple sites, including the tricuspid valve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis G Durham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - James A Hall
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Erica J Fidone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Ryan Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Austin L Metting
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
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9
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Kondo T, Takahashi M, Kuse A, Morichika M, Nakagawa K, Sakurada M, Kaszynski R, Sugimoto M, Asano M, Ueno Y. An autopsy case of right ventricular cardiac metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma of the left hand. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejfs.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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10
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Halim J, van Schaagen FRN, Riezebos RK, Lalezari S. Giant intracardiac blood cyst: assessing the relationship between its formation and previous cardiac surgery. Neth Heart J 2015; 23:392-4. [PMID: 26043925 PMCID: PMC4497992 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-015-0707-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This case report discusses a 23-year-old male patient who presented with shortness of breath during exercise. Echocardiography revealed an intracardiac mass located on the mitral valve. His medical history included surgical closure of an atrial septal defect type 2 at the age of 2 years. After being discussed within a multidisciplinary heart team, the intracardiac mass was surgically removed. Histopathological examination revealed a blood cyst. This case report emphasises that the presence of an acquired intracardiac cyst is a rare entity and that a pathophysiological association between the formation of a blood cyst and previous cardiac surgery has not been proven yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Halim
- Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, PO Box 95500, 1090 HM, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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Abstract
Malignant melanomas are a challenge in radiological imaging diagnostics as they may metastasize into every organ and tissue. Cross-sectional imaging, in particular positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET/CT) and whole body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are considered the standards in the staging of melanomas. Because of its excellent availability CT, however, remains a widely employed staging modality. Familiarity with the manifold CT morphology of metastasized melanomas as it is described here is essential when interpreting dedicated CT and in addition useful when interpreting PET/CT results. In individual cases CT can assist in the detection of transient metastases. In the detection of locoregional lymph node metastases CT has a median sensitivity and specificity in meta-analyses of at best 61 % and 97 %, respectively, which is inferior to the performance of ultrasound (96 % and 99 %, respectively). According to meta-analyses, in the assessment of systemic tumor spread CT can detect the majority of metastases with a sensitivity and specificity of 51-63 % and 69-78 %, respectively, which is inferior to MRI and PET/CT. Therefore, if an exact staging is required for critical management decisions, MRI or PET/CT should be employed whenever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hoffend
- Zentralinstitut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen gGmbH, Bremserstr. 79, 67063, Ludwigshafen, Deutschland,
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