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Engele LJ, van der Palen RL, Joosen RS, Sieswerda GT, Schoof PH, van Melle JP, Berger RM, Accord RE, Rammeloo LA, Konings TC, Helbing WA, Roos-Hesselink JW, van de Woestijne PC, Frerich S, van Dijk AP, Kuipers IM, Hazekamp MG, Mulder BJ, Breur JM, Blom N, Jongbloed MR, Bouma BJ. Clinical Course of TGA After Arterial Switch Operation in the Current Era. JACC. ADVANCES 2024; 3:100772. [PMID: 38939383 PMCID: PMC11198364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2023.100772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Background The number of patients with an arterial switch operation (ASO) for transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is steadily growing; limited information is available regarding the clinical course in the current era. Objectives The purpose was to describe clinical outcome late after ASO in a national cohort, including survival, rates of (re-)interventions, and clinical events. Methods A total of 1,061 TGA-ASO patients (median age 10.7 years [IQR: 2.0-18.2 years]) from a nationwide prospective registry with a median follow-up of 8.0 years (IQR: 5.4-8.8 years) were included. Using an analysis with age as the primary time scale, cumulative incidence of survival, (re)interventions, and clinical events were determined. Results At the age of 35 years, late survival was 93% (95% CI: 88%-98%). The cumulative re-intervention rate at the right ventricular outflow tract and pulmonary branches was 36% (95% CI: 31%-41%). Other cumulative re-intervention rates at 35 years were on the left ventricular outflow tract (neo-aortic root and valve) 16% (95% CI: 10%-22%), aortic arch 9% (95% CI: 5%-13%), and coronary arteries 3% (95% CI: 1%-6%). Furthermore, 11% (95% CI: 6%-16%) of the patients required electrophysiological interventions. Clinical events, including heart failure, endocarditis, and myocardial infarction occurred in 8% (95% CI: 5%-11%). Independent risk factors for any (re-)intervention were TGA morphological subtype (Taussig-Bing double outlet right ventricle [HR: 4.9, 95% CI: 2.9-8.1]) and previous pulmonary artery banding (HR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.0-2.2). Conclusions TGA-ASO patients have an excellent survival. However, their clinical course is characterized by an ongoing need for (re-)interventions, especially on the right ventricular outflow tract and the left ventricular outflow tract indicating a strict lifelong surveillance, also in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo J. Engele
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, the Netherlands
| | - Roel L.F. van der Palen
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Renée S. Joosen
- Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gertjan T. Sieswerda
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul H. Schoof
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital (Part of University Medical Center Utrecht), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P. van Melle
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rolf M.F. Berger
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Centre for Congenital Heart Diseases, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ryan E. Accord
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas A.J. Rammeloo
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thelma C. Konings
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wim A. Helbing
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Stefan Frerich
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Arie P.J. van Dijk
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Irene M. Kuipers
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark G.H. Hazekamp
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara J.M. Mulder
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes M.P.J. Breur
- Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nico Blom
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Monique R.M. Jongbloed
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Berto J. Bouma
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, the Netherlands
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van Genuchten WJ, Helbing WA, Ten Harkel ADJ, Fejzic Z, Md IMK, Slieker MG, van der Ven JPG, Boersma E, Takken T, Bartelds B. Exercise capacity in a cohort of children with congenital heart disease. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:295-306. [PMID: 36334170 PMCID: PMC9829639 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), reduced exercise capacity can be a predictor for late complications and may be used to guide interventions. Yet, the interpretation of exercise capacity is challenged by changes in body composition during growth. Our aim was to create an overview of disease-specific exercise capacity in children with CHD. We performed a multicentre retrospective study of exercise capacity of CHD patients, aged 6-18 years, tested between January 2001 and October 2018. Sex-specific distribution graphs were made using the LMS method and height to relate to body size. We included all CHD with N > 50, including severe defects (e.g., univentricular heart, tetralogy of Fallot) and "simple" lesions as ventricular septum defect and atrial septum defect. We included 1383 tests of 1208 individual patients for analysis. The peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak, 37.3 ml/min/kg (25th-75th percentile 31.3-43.8)) varied between specific defects; patients with univentricular hearts had lower VO2peak compared with other CHD. All groups had lower VO2peak compared to healthy Dutch children. Males had higher VO2peak, Wpeak and O2pulsepeak than females. Sex- and disease-specific distribution graphs for VO2peak, Wpeak and O2pulsepeak showed increase in variation with increase in height. Conclusion: Disease-specific distribution graphs for exercise capacity in children with CHD from a large multicentre cohort demonstrated varying degrees of reduced VO2peak and Wpeak. The distribution graphs can be used in the structured follow-up of patients with CHD to predict outcome and identify patients at risk. What is Known: • Children with congenital heart disease (COnHD) are at risk to develop heart failure, arrhytmia's and other complications. Exercise capacity may be an important predictor for outcome in children with ConHD. In children, the interpretation of exercise capacity poses an additional challenge related to physical changes during growth. What is New: • In this report of a multi-center cohort >1300 childrewn with ConHD, we related the changes in exercise capacity to length. We demonstrated that exercise capacity was reduced as compared with healthy children and we observed variation between disease groups. Patients with a univentricular circulation (Fontan) had worse exercise capacity. We constructed disease specific charts of development of exercise capacity throughout childhood, accessible via a web-site. These graphs may help practitioner to guide children with ConHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter J van Genuchten
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Room number Sp2469 attn. Prof. Dr. W.A. Helbing, PO box 2040, 3000 CA, Zuid Holland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Willem A Helbing
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Room number Sp2469 attn. Prof. Dr. W.A. Helbing, PO box 2040, 3000 CA, Zuid Holland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arend D J Ten Harkel
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Zina Fejzic
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene M Kuipers Md
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn G Slieker
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle P G van der Ven
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Room number Sp2469 attn. Prof. Dr. W.A. Helbing, PO box 2040, 3000 CA, Zuid Holland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Boersma
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Takken
- Department of Medical Physiology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Beatrijs Bartelds
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Room number Sp2469 attn. Prof. Dr. W.A. Helbing, PO box 2040, 3000 CA, Zuid Holland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Buwalda M, Querido AL, van Hulst RA. Children and diving, a guideline. Diving Hyperb Med 2020; 50:399-404. [PMID: 33325022 DOI: 10.28920/dhm50.4.399-404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Scuba diving is an increasingly popular recreational activity in children and adolescents. During the dive medical examination aspects of human physiology, anatomy, and psychology, that differ between adults and children, deserve our special attention. For example, lack of mental maturity, diminished Eustachian tube function and heat loss can pose problems during diving. It is important that children who wish to take up scuba diving are seen by a dive physician, with extra attention to Eustachian tube function. In children, asthma, bronchial hyperreactivity, pulmonary hypertension, and right-to-left shunts are contra-indications for scuba diving. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a relative contra-indication. This article provides a review of the current literature and presents recommendations for recreational diving in children and adolescents. These recommendations are based solely on 'expert' opinion and were accepted by the Dutch Society of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine in 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattijn Buwalda
- Medical and Educational Services, De Meent 51A, Odijk, The Netherlands.,Corresponding author: Dr Mattijn Buwalda, Medical and Educational Services, De Meent 51A, Odijk, The Netherlands,
| | | | - Robert A van Hulst
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Hyperbaric Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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