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Kawahara T, Yamazaki A. Changes in Correlates of Health-Related Quality of Life Between Children with Spina Bifida and Their Parents as Influenced by Their Level of Independence in Toileting Self-Management: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e60526. [PMID: 38887360 PMCID: PMC11180625 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Spina bifida (SB) leads to various complications, such as bladder and bowel disorders, which can significantly impact quality of life (QOL). Parents of children with SB are often heavily involved in bladder and bowel management, which can affect their own QOL. Therefore, transitioning to independent bladder and bowel management is pivotal because it influences the QOL of both children with SB and their parents. In this study, we investigated changes in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among children with SB and their parents in the process of attaining independence in bladder and bowel self-management. Methods Children with SB aged 8-17 years and their parents completed the Japanese version of the QOL assessment in SB for children/teenagers (QUALAS-C/T-J) and the Short Form-8 (SF-8). Independence in bladder and bowel management was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS). We calculated the correlation between children's or parents' HRQOL and the children's level of independence in bladder and bowel management. Additionally, we conducted a Mann-Whitney U test on the scores of the higher and lower independence groups. The correlation between parent and child HRQOL was analyzed by dividing children's independence into two groups. Results This study consisted of 83 parent-child pairs. Parents' and children's HRQOL and levels of self-management independence were not significantly correlated, either overall or by level of independence. The parent-child group with less independence, especially in bowel management, showed moderate to strong HRQOL correlations, whereas the group with more independence showed weaker correlations. Conclusions The strength of the correlation for parent-child HRQOL was found to change based on the level of independence in bladder and bowel self-management. These results suggest that the strength of parent-child cohesion tends to be pronounced in regard to the children's degree of independence in bowel management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kawahara
- Pediatric and Family Nursing, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, JPN
| | - Akemi Yamazaki
- Pediatric and Family Nursing, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, JPN
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Nisheljeet S, Azizi AB, Palaniandy K, Ganesan D, Ong TA, Alias A, Rajamanickam R, Atroosh WM, Mohd-Zin SW, Lee-Shamsuddin A, Nivrenjeet S, Lo W, Abdul-Aziz NM. Survey on Untethering of the Spinal Cord and Urological Manifestations among Spina Bifida Patients in Malaysia. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9071090. [PMID: 35884073 PMCID: PMC9324435 DOI: 10.3390/children9071090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and severity of urinary tract infections (UTIs) due to spina bifida is poorly understood in Malaysia. Tethering of the spinal cord is a pathological fixation of the cord in the vertebral column that can result in neurogenic bladder dysfunction and other neurological problems. It occurs in patients with spina bifida, and the authors of this study sought to investigate the impact of untethering on the urological manifestations of children with a tethered cord, thereby consolidating a previously known understanding that untethering improves bladder and bowel function. Demographic and clinical data were collected via an online questionnaire and convenient sampling techniques were used. A total of 49 individuals affected by spina bifida participated in this study. UTIs were reported based on patients’ observation of cloudy and smelly urine (67%) as well as urine validation (60%). UTI is defined as the combination of symptoms and factoring in urine culture results that eventually affects the UTI diagnosis in spina bifida individuals irrespective of CISC status. Furthermore, 18% of the respondents reported being prescribed antibiotics even though they had no history of UTI. Therefore, indiscriminate prescription of antibiotics by healthcare workers further compounds the severity of future UTIs. Employing CISC (73%) including stringent usage of sterile catheters (71%) did not prevent patients from getting UTI. Overall, 33% of our respondents reported manageable control of UTI (0–35 years of age). All individuals below the age of 5 (100%, n = 14) were seen to have improved urologically after the untethering surgery under the guidance of the Malaysia NTD support group. Improvement was scored and observed using KUB (Kidneys, Ureters and Bladder) ultrasound surveillance before untethering and continued thereafter. Spina bifida individuals may procure healthy bladder and bowel continence for the rest of their lives provided that neurosurgical and urological treatments were sought soon after birth and continues into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Singh Nisheljeet
- Invertebrate & Vertebrate Neurobiology Lab, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (S.N.); (S.W.M.-Z.); (A.L.-S.); (S.N.)
| | - Abu Bakar Azizi
- Department of Surgery, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (A.B.A.); (K.P.)
| | - Kamalanathan Palaniandy
- Department of Surgery, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (A.B.A.); (K.P.)
| | - Dharmendra Ganesan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (D.G.); (T.A.O.)
| | - Teng Aik Ong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (D.G.); (T.A.O.)
| | - Azmi Alias
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tunku Abdul Rahman Neuroscience Institute (IKTAR), Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur 50586, Malaysia;
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Women and Children Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur 50586, Malaysia
| | | | - Wahib M. Atroosh
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Siti Waheeda Mohd-Zin
- Invertebrate & Vertebrate Neurobiology Lab, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (S.N.); (S.W.M.-Z.); (A.L.-S.); (S.N.)
| | - Andrea Lee-Shamsuddin
- Invertebrate & Vertebrate Neurobiology Lab, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (S.N.); (S.W.M.-Z.); (A.L.-S.); (S.N.)
| | - Singh Nivrenjeet
- Invertebrate & Vertebrate Neurobiology Lab, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (S.N.); (S.W.M.-Z.); (A.L.-S.); (S.N.)
| | - Warren Lo
- Department of Urology, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur 50586, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (N.M.A.-A.)
| | - Noraishah Mydin Abdul-Aziz
- Invertebrate & Vertebrate Neurobiology Lab, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (S.N.); (S.W.M.-Z.); (A.L.-S.); (S.N.)
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (N.M.A.-A.)
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Isa SNI, Ishak I, Ab Rahman A, Mohd Saat NZ, Che Din N, Lubis SH, Mohd Ismail MF, Mohd Suradi NR. Quality of Life Among Caregivers of Children with Special Needs in Kelantan, Malaysia: The Importance of Psychosocial Mediators. Malays J Med Sci 2021; 28:128-141. [PMID: 33958967 PMCID: PMC8075598 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2021.28.2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality of life (QoL) is an important aspect of well-being for the caregivers of children with disability, making it a noteworthy outcome. Little is known about the challenges faced by the caregivers in Asian countries and its association to their QoL. The purpose of this study was to examine a model describing the relationship between sociodemographic and disability-related factors on caregivers' QoL, mediated by the caregivers' psychosocial factors such as perceived stress, coping skills, and social support. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted involving caregivers of children with special needs in Kelantan, a state of Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 383 caregivers completed questionnaires measuring sociodemographics, disability-related factors, psychosocial factors and QoL outcome. Structural equation modelling was performed to examine the relations of the variables in the conceptual model. RESULTS In the final model, childcare dependency, caregiver's age, financial support, negative perception of stress and maladaptive coping skills were significant predictors of QoL (R 2 = 0.65). Caregiver's age had a direct effect on QoL, while financial support had an indirect effect on QoL via negative perception of stress. Childcare dependency had direct and indirect effects on QoL via negative perception of stress. Higher perceived stress was associated with lower QoL directly and indirectly via maladaptive coping skills. The final model fitted the data well (root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.046; CFI = 0.923; χ2/df = 1.798). CONCLUSION Intervention strategies to improve the QoL of caregivers should target the family unit and take into account the factors of child's disability, demographic and caregiver's psychosocial status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nor Ismalina Isa
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ismarulyusda Ishak
- Biomedical Science Programme, School of Diagnostic & Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azriani Ab Rahman
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Zakiah Mohd Saat
- Biomedical Science Programme, School of Diagnostic & Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Normah Che Din
- Health Psychology Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syarif Husin Lubis
- Biomedical Science Programme, School of Diagnostic & Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Faiz Mohd Ismail
- Biomedical Science Programme, School of Diagnostic & Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Riza Mohd Suradi
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Qin Z, Shi L, Xue Y, Lin H, Zhang J, Liang P, Lu Z, Wu M, Chen Y, Zheng X, Qian Y, Ouyang P, Zhang R, Yi X, Zhang C. Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Self-reported Psychological Distress Among Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2035487. [PMID: 33496797 PMCID: PMC7838937 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.35487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Schools have been suspended nationwide in 188 countries, and classes have shifted to home-based distance learning models to control the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Additional information is needed to determine mental health status among school-aged children and adolescents during this public health crisis and the risk factors associated with psychological distress during the pandemic. OBJECTIVE To assess self-reported psychological distress among school-aged children and adolescents associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study using data from a survey on the mental health of school-aged children and adolescents in Guangdong province, China, conducted by using a stratified cluster random sampling method between March 8 to 30, 2020. To estimate outcomes associated with location of districts, only data from students with internet protocol addresses and current addresses in Guangdong were included. Data were analyzed from April 5 to July 20, 2020. EXPOSURE Home-based distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES The main outcome was self-reported psychological distress, measured using the total score on the 12-item General Health Questionnaire of 3 or greater. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors associated with mental health status. Odds ratios (ORs) were used to analyze the associations of factors with psychological distress. RESULTS Among 1 310 600 students who completed the survey, 1 199 320 students (mean [SD] age, 12.04 [3.01] years; 619 144 [51.6%] boys) were included in the final analysis. A total of 126 355 students (10.5%) self-reported psychological distress. Compared with students in primary school, high school students had increased risk of psychological distress (OR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.15-1.23]). Compared with students who wore a face mask frequently, students who never wore a face mask had increased risk of psychological distress (OR, 2.59 [95% CI, 2.41-2.79]). Additionally, students who spent less than 0.5 hours exercising had increased odds of self-reported psychological distress compared with students who spent more than 1 hour exercising (OR, 1.64 [95% CI, 1.61-1.67]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that the prevalence of self-reported psychological distress among students during the COVID-19 pandemic was relatively high. Frequency of wearing a face mask and time spent exercising were factors associated with mental health. Therefore, it may be necessary for governments, schools, and families to pay attention to the mental health of school-aged children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and take corresponding countermeasures to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on students' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuguo Qin
- Health Publicity and Education Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Health Services Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqing Xue
- School of Health Services Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huang Lin
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, Shantou Central Hospital/Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, China
| | - Jinchan Zhang
- Department of Medical Dispute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Heyuan, China
| | - Pengyan Liang
- Health Publicity and Education Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Lu
- Health Publicity and Education Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengxiong Wu
- Health Publicity and Education Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaguang Chen
- Health Education Center of Maoming City, Maoming, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- School of Health Services Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Qian
- School of Health Services Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Ouyang
- Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruibin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Yi
- Health Publicity and Education Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chichen Zhang
- School of Health Services Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Health Management, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
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Isa SNI, Ishak I, Ab Rahman A, Mohd Saat NZ, Che Din N, Lubis SH, Mohd Ismail MF. Health and quality of life among the caregivers of children with disabilities: A review of literature. Asian J Psychiatr 2016; 23:71-77. [PMID: 27969083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Families caring for children with disabilities face particular challenges and demands compared to those caring for children without disabilities. Evidence suggests that there is considerable variation in how caregivers of children with disabilities adapt to their caregiving demands and stressors. The different adaptations to the children with disabilities may cause different impacts on the health and well-being of caregivers. This paper provides a brief overview of the literature on the impact of caring for children with disabilities on the health and quality of life of caregivers and the factors related to the health outcomes and quality of life. A literature search was conducted by using various electronic databases, including PsychINFO, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and MEDLINE using specific key terms. Thirty-one articles published in peer-review journals from the last six years (2009-2014) were reviewed. Most of the studies were quantitative studies. Factors discussed that impact on caregivers' health and quality of life include the caregivers' sociodemographic background and child's disability-related factors. Several mediators and moderators including coping strategies, social support, parental stress, self-esteem and self-efficacy are described in this paper. This review highlighted the importance of these factors to better understand the complex nature of stress processes and the caregivers' adaptations to their children's disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nor Ismalina Isa
- School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ismarulyusda Ishak
- School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Azriani Ab Rahman
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Zakiah Mohd Saat
- School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Normah Che Din
- Health Psychology Program, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syarif Husin Lubis
- School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Faiz Mohd Ismail
- School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Al-Akour NA, Khader YS, Hamlan A. Stress among parents of infants with neural tube defect and its associated factors. Int J Nurs Pract 2013; 19:149-55. [PMID: 23577972 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the stress among parents (either the mother or the father) of infants with neural tube defects (NTDs) and its associated factors. Using Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF), 100 parents of infants with NTDs were compared with 100 parents as a normative group. The total mean score for parents of infants with NTDs was 104.0 (standard deviation (SD) = 22.9) compared with 84.3 (SD = 18.9) for parents of infants without NTDs. Fifty-three (53.5%) parents of infants with NTDs and 15% of the control group had clinically significant high total stress score. Parents of infants with NTDs had a significantly higher score of distress in all scales of PSI-SF compared with those of infants without NTDs. Multivariate analysis found that mothers of infants with NTDs had a significantly higher average score for parental distress, parent-child dysfunctional interaction and total stress than fathers. Parents' lower education, unemployed parents and lower family income per month were significantly associated with increased parent-child dysfunctional interaction and parental distress. Parents with lower education and lower family income are in need for psychological and emotional support from health-care professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemeh Ahmad Al-Akour
- Maternal and Child Health Department, School of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan.
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