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Liu SY, Wang Q, Zhou H, Tong N, Chang R, Wang FZ, Guo P, Li X, Zhou YB, Li ZZ. Adrenomedullin improved endothelial dysfunction via receptor-Akt pathway in rats with obesity-related hypertension. Hypertens Res 2024:10.1038/s41440-024-01701-y. [PMID: 38769138 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01701-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Obesity-related hypertension (OH) is accompanied by obvious endothelial dysfunction, which contributes to increased peripheral vascular resistance and hypertension. Adrenomedullin (ADM), a multifunctional active peptide, is elevated in obese humans. The OH rats induced by high fat diet (HFD) for 28 weeks and the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)-treated by palmitic acid (PA) were used to investigate the effects of ADM on endothelial dysfunction and the underlying mechanisms. Vascular reactivity was assessed using mesenteric arteriole rings, and the protein expression levels were examined by Western blot analysis. Compared with the control rats, OH rats exhibited hypertension and endothelial dysfunction, along with reduced eNOS protein expression and Akt activation, and increased protein expression of proinflammatory cytokines and ROS levels. Four-week ADM administration improved hypertension and endothelial function, increased eNOS protein expression and Akt activation, and attenuated endothelial inflammation and oxidative stress in OH rats. In vitro experiment, the antagonism of ADM receptors with ADM22-52 and the suppression of Akt signaling with A6730 significantly blocked ADM-caused increase of NO content and activation of eNOS and Akt, and inhibited the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effect of ADM in PA-stimulated HUVECs. These data indicate that endothelial dysfunction in OH rats is partially attributable to the decreased NO level, and the increased inflammation and oxidative stress. ADM improves endothelial function and exerts hypotensive effect depending on the increase of NO, and its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effect via receptor-Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Liu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Ning Tong
- Department of Neurology of Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, 274000, China
| | - Rui Chang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Fang-Zheng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Ping Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, Nanjing, 210021, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, Nanjing, 210021, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
| | - Zhen-Zhen Li
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, Nanjing, 210021, Jiangsu, China.
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Wang HY, Wang FZ, Chang R, Wang Q, Liu SY, Cheng ZX, Gao Q, Zhou H, Zhou YB. Adrenomedullin Improves Hypertension and Vascular Remodeling partly through the Receptor-Mediated AMPK Pathway in Rats with Obesity-Related Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043943. [PMID: 36835355 PMCID: PMC9967515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a novel cardiovascular peptide with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and calcification play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction in obesity-related hypertension (OH). Our study aimed to explore the effects of ADM on the vascular inflammation, oxidative stress and calcification in rats with OH. Eight-week-old Sprague Dawley male rats were fed with either a Control diet or a high fat diet (HFD) for 28 weeks. Next, the OH rats were randomly subdivided into two groups as follows: (1) HFD control group, and (2) HFD with ADM. A 4-week treatment with ADM (7.2 μg/kg/day, ip) not only improved hypertension and vascular remodeling, but also inhibited vascular inflammation, oxidative stress and calcification in aorta of rats with OH. In vitro experiments, ADM (10 nM) in A7r5 cells (rat thoracic aorta smooth muscle cells) attenuated palmitic acid (PA, 200 μM) or angiotensin II (Ang II, 10 nM) alone or their combination treatment-induced inflammation, oxidative stress and calcification, which were effectively inhibited by the ADM receptor antagonist ADM22-52 and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor Compound C, respectively. Moreover, ADM treatment significantly inhibited Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) protein expression in aorta of rats with OH or in PA-treated A7r5 cells. ADM improved hypertension, vascular remodeling and arterial stiffness, and attenuated inflammation, oxidative stress and calcification in OH state partially via receptor-mediated AMPK pathway. The results also raise the possibility that ADM will be considered for improving hypertension and vascular damage in patients with OH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-25-86869351
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Adrenomedullin in paraventricular nucleus attenuates adipose afferent reflex and sympathoexcitation via receptors mediated nitric oxide-gamma-aminobutyric acid A type receptor pathway in rats with obesity-related hypertension. J Hypertens 2023; 41:233-245. [PMID: 36583351 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is an important central site for the control of the adipose afferent reflex (AAR) that increases sympathetic outflow and blood pressure in obesity-related hypertension (OH). METHOD In this study, we investigated the effects of nitric oxide (NO) and cardiovascular bioactive polypeptide adrenomedullin (ADM) in the PVN on AAR and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in OH rats induced by a high-fat diet. RESULTS The results showed that ADM, total neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) and phosphorylated-nNOS protein expression levels in the PVN of the OH rats were down-regulated compared to the control rats. The enhanced AAR in OH rats was attenuated by PVN acute application of NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), but was strengthened by the nNOS inhibitor nNOS-I, guanylyl cyclase inhibitor (1H-[1,2,4]Oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one, ODQ) and gamma-aminobutyric acid A type receptor (GABAA) antagonist Bicuculline. Moreover, PVN ADM microinjection not only decreased basal SNA but also attenuated the enhanced AAR in OH rats, which were effectively inhibited by ADM receptor antagonist ADM22-52, nNOS-I, ODQ or Bicuculline pretreatment. Bilateral PVN acute microinjection of ADM also caused greater increases in NO and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels, and nNOS phosphorylation. Adeno-associated virus vectors encoding ADM (AAV-ADM) transfection in the PVN of OH rats not only decreased the elevated AAR, basal SNA and blood pressure (BP), but also increased the expression and activation of nNOS. Furthermore, AAV-ADM transfection improved vascular remodeling in OH rats. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data highlight the roles of ADM in improving sympathetic overactivation, enhanced AAR and hypertension, and its related mechanisms associated with receptors mediated NO-cGMP-GABAA pathway in OH condition.
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Deniz M, Doğan M, Gül Ö, Özhan B, Agladıoğlu SY, Enli Y, Şenol H. Evaluation of cardiovascular system and determination of cardiometabolic risk using novel biomarkers in childhood obesity. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2022.101605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Solé-Ribalta A, Bobillo-Pérez S, Jordan-García I. A Review of Adrenomedullin in Pediatric Patients: A Useful Biomarker. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:1181. [PMID: 36010070 PMCID: PMC9406574 DOI: 10.3390/children9081181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin has several properties. It acts as a potent vasodilator, has natriuretic effects, and reduces endothelial permeability. It also plays a role in initiating the early hyperdynamic phase of sepsis. Since its discovery, many articles have been published studying the uses and benefits of this biomarker. The aim of this review is to determine the usefulness of adrenomedullin in pediatric patients. Relevant studies covering adrenomedullin in pediatrics (<18 years) and published up until August 2021 were identified through a search of MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane. Seventy studies were included in the present review, most of them with a low level of evidence (IV to VI). Research on adrenomedullin has primarily been related to infection and the cardiovascular field. The performance of adrenomedullin to quantify infection in children seems satisfactory, especially in sepsis. In congenital heart disease, this biomarker seems to be a useful indicator before, during, and after cardiopulmonary bypass. Adrenomedullin seems to be useful in the pediatric population for a large variety of pathologies, especially regarding infection and cardiovascular conditions. However, it should be used in combination with other biomarkers and clinical or analytical variables, rather than as a single tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iolanda Jordan-García
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Service, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Qian P, Wang Q, Wang FZ, Dai HB, Wang HY, Gao Q, Zhou H, Zhou YB. Adrenomedullin Improves Cardiac Remodeling and Function in Obese Rats with Hypertension. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060719. [PMID: 35745637 PMCID: PMC9227996 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether adrenomedullin (ADM, 7.2 μg/kg/day, ip), an important endogenous active peptide, has a protective role in cardiac remodeling and function in obesity-related hypertension (OH) rats. A high-fat diet (HFD) was used to induce OH for 20 weeks. H9c2 cells incubated with palmitate (PA, 200 μM) to mimic high free fatty acid in obesity were used as an in vitro model. In OH rats, ADM not only decreased body weight (BW) and blood pressure (BP) but also improved systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Moreover, ADM still had a greater inhibitory effect on local inflammation and oxidative stress in the hearts of OH rats, and the same anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects were also confirmed in PA-treated H9c2 cells. The ADM receptor antagonist or Akt inhibitor effectively attenuated the inhibitory effects of ADM on inflammation and oxidative stress in PA-stimulated H9c2 cells. Furthermore, ADM application effectively normalized heart function, and hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining and collagen volume fraction results showed that ADM improved cardiac remodeling in hearts of OH rats. ADM attenuated cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress via the receptor-Akt pathway, which involves the improvement of cardiac remodeling and function in OH rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-25-8686-9351
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Dai HB, Wang HY, Wang FZ, Qian P, Gao Q, Zhou H, Zhou YB. Adrenomedullin ameliorates palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance through PI3K/Akt pathway in adipocytes. Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:661-673. [PMID: 34978596 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01840-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS White adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction has been associated with adipose tissue low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress leading to insulin resistance (IR). Adrenomedullin (ADM), an endogenous active peptide considered as an adipokine, is associated with adipocytes function. METHODS We evaluated the protective effects of ADM against IR in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated by palmitic acid (PA) and in visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT) of obese rats fed with high-fat diet. RESULTS We found that endogenous protein expressions of ADM and its receptor in PA-treated adipocytes were markedly increased. PA significantly induced impaired insulin signaling by affecting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) axis and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) levels, whereas ADM pretreatment enhanced insulin signaling PI3K/Akt and GLUT-4 membrane protein levels, decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 levels, and improved oxidative stress accompanied with reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and increased anti-oxidant enzymes manganese superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) and catalase (CAT) protein expressions. Furthermore, ADM treatment not only improved IR in obese rats, but also effectively restored insulin signaling, and reduced inflammation and oxidative stress in vWAT of obese rats. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a prevention potential of ADM against obesity-related metabolic disorders, due to its protective effects against IR, inflammation and oxidative stress in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Bing Dai
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong-Yu Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang-Zheng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pei Qian
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
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Burden S, Weedon B, Whaymand L, Rademaker J, Dawes H, Jones A. The effect of overweight/obesity on diastolic function in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Clin Obes 2021; 11:e12476. [PMID: 34278720 PMCID: PMC8767098 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular diastolic function (LVDF) is an important marker of early cardiovascular remodelling, which has not been well summarized in young people with overweight/obesity. Weighted, random-effects regression was used to determine the strength of associations of both body mass index (BMI) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) with LVDF measures, adjusting for age and sex. Six databases were searched after PROSPERO registration (CRD42020177470) from inception to July 2020 for studies that compared LVDF between overweight/obesity and control groups aged ≤24 years, yielding 70 studies (9983 individuals). Quality and risk of bias were assessed using NHLBI tools, with scores of good, fair, and poor for 6, 48, and 16 studies, respectively. Increased BMI was associated with worse LVDF in all measures except early mitral inflow deceleration time, with septal early diastolic tissue peak velocity to late diastolic tissue peak velocity ratio having the strongest association (n = 13 studies, 1824 individuals; r = -0.69; P < 0.001). Elevated HOMA-IR was also associated with worse LVDF. Although we could not determine the causality of reduced LVDF in young people, our findings should aid the development of paediatric guidelines for the assessment of LVDF and support further work to address the longitudinal consequences of childhood obesity and IR on LVDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Burden
- Centre for Movement, Occupational and Rehabilitation SciencesOxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research, Oxford Brookes UniversityOxfordUK
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Benjamin Weedon
- Centre for Movement, Occupational and Rehabilitation SciencesOxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research, Oxford Brookes UniversityOxfordUK
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Luke Whaymand
- Centre for Movement, Occupational and Rehabilitation SciencesOxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research, Oxford Brookes UniversityOxfordUK
| | | | - Helen Dawes
- Centre for Movement, Occupational and Rehabilitation SciencesOxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research, Oxford Brookes UniversityOxfordUK
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research CentreOxford Health NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
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Dai H, Wang F, Kang Y, Sun J, Zhou H, Gao Q, Li Z, Qian P, Zhu G, Zhou Y. Adrenomedullin Attenuates Inflammation in White Adipose Tissue of Obese Rats Through Receptor-Mediated PKA Pathway. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:86-97. [PMID: 32985779 PMCID: PMC7821304 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adrenomedullin (ADM) possesses therapeutic potential for inflammatory diseases. Consequently, the effects of ADM on inflammation in visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT) of obese rats or in adipocytes were explored in this study. METHODS Male rats were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce obesity, and obese rats were implanted with osmotic minipumps providing constant infusion of ADM (300 ng/kg per hour) and continued to be fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks. RESULTS When compared with the control group, endogenous protein expression of ADM and ADM receptors in vWAT and in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated adipocytes was markedly increased. ADM significantly decreased the protein expression of the inflammatory mediators TNFα, IL-1β, cyclooxygenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in vWAT of obese rats and in adipocytes stimulated by LPS. It also inhibited the activation of the inflammatory signaling pathways MAPK and NF-κB induced by LPS in adipocytes. These effects of ADM in adipocytes were inhibited by the administration of ADM receptor antagonist and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activation inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS ADM can inhibit inflammation in WAT in obesity, which may be mediated by the activation of ADM receptors and PKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang‐Bing Dai
- Department of PhysiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Fang‐Zheng Wang
- Department of PhysiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ying Kang
- Department of PhysiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of PhysiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of PhysiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of PhysiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhen‐Zhen Li
- Department of CardiologyBenQ Medical CenterThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Pei Qian
- Department of PhysiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Guo‐Qing Zhu
- Department of PhysiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ye‐Bo Zhou
- Department of PhysiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Fen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
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