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Pang B, Moullin JC, Thompson C, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Stamatakis E, McVeigh JA. Barriers and Facilitators to Participation in Vigorous Lifestyle Physical Activity in Adults Aged 55-75 Years: A Scoping Review. J Aging Phys Act 2024; 32:446-459. [PMID: 38237573 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2022-0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Despite the well-known benefits of physical activity, less than half of adults aged 55-75 years participate in sufficient physical activity. Short bouts of vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (VILPA) accumulated throughout the day can contribute toward the recommended volume of physical activity. A rich characterization of the barriers and facilitators to participation in VILPA is needed to develop targeted interventions. This scoping review aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to participation in different components of VILPA in adults aged 55-75 years, and to map barriers and facilitators to the Theoretical Domains Framework. Within the 18 eligible studies, the most prevalent barriers were related to a person's skills, environmental context, and social influences. Most facilitators were related to a person's goals, social influences, and environmental context. Interventions to promote VILPA should test the effectiveness of behavioral change measures related to the unique barriers and facilitators in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna C Moullin
- Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Craig Thompson
- Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | | | | | - Joanne A McVeigh
- Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Movement Physiology Laboratory, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Jones MD, Clifford BK, Stamatakis E, Gibbs MT. Exercise Snacks and Other Forms of Intermittent Physical Activity for Improving Health in Adults and Older Adults: A Scoping Review of Epidemiological, Experimental and Qualitative Studies. Sports Med 2024; 54:813-835. [PMID: 38190022 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01983-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Exercise snacks, including other variants of brief intermittent bouts, are an emerging approach for increasing physical activity, although their operationalisation is unstandardised and their health benefits remain unclear. This scoping review aimed to explore characterisations of exercise snacks and summarise their effects on health in adults and older adults. Clinical trial registers (clinicaltrials.gov and ANZCTR) and electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, CENTRAL, PsycINFO) were searched from inception to 1 June 2023, for ongoing and published studies of exercise snacks. Backwards and forwards citation tracking was also conducted to identify additional eligible studies. Studies were included if they investigated exercise snacks-brief intermittent bouts of physical activity spread across the day-in adults or older adults. We included epidemiological, experimental, quasi-experimental and qualitative studies that examined the effect of exercise snacks on any health outcomes or described barriers to and enablers of these approaches. Thirty-two studies were included (7 trial registers, 1 published protocol, 3 epidemiological studies and 20 trials reported across 21 studies). Three main terms were used to describe exercise snacks: exercise snack(ing), snacktivity and vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (VILPA). Participants were predominantly physically inactive but otherwise healthy adults or older adults. Exercise snacks were feasible and appeared safe. Epidemiological studies showed steep, near-linear associations of VILPA with reduced all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality as well as reduced incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events and cancer. The limited trial evidence showed exercise snacks had modest effects on improving cardiorespiratory fitness, whereas effects on physical function, mood, quality of life and other health outcomes were equivocal. In conclusion, exercise snacks appear feasible and safe for adults and older adults and may have promising health benefits, but this is mostly based on findings from a limited number of small quasi-experimental studies, small randomised trials or qualitative studies. More studies are needed in individuals with chronic disease. This emerging physical activity approach may have appeal for individuals who find structured exercise unfeasible.Registration https://osf.io/qhu24/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Jones
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Briana K Clifford
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Mackenzie Wearables Research Hub, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mitchell T Gibbs
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
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Krouwel M, Greenfield SM, Chalkley A, Sanders JP, Parretti HM, Gokal K, Jolly K, Skrybant M, Biddle SJH, Greaves C, Maddison R, Mutrie N, Ives N, Esliger DW, Sherar L, Edwardson CL, Yates T, Frew E, Tearne S, Daley AJ. Promoting participation in physical activity through Snacktivity: A qualitative mixed methods study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291040. [PMID: 37695785 PMCID: PMC10495025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public health guidance acknowledges the benefits of physical activity of any duration. We have proposed a whole-day approach to promoting physical activity called Snacktivity™, which encourages frequent 2-5 minute 'activity snacks' of moderate-to-vigorous intensity. METHODS Using repeated semi-structured interviews and a think aloud protocol, this study aimed to understand participants' experiences of integrating Snacktivity™ into daily life, to provide insights to refine the delivery of Snacktivity™ interventions. Physically inactive adults recruited via primary care and a community health service engaged with an intervention to encourage Snacktivity™ over three weeks, which included using a Fitbit and linked mobile phone app (SnackApp). Participants took part in semi-structured interviews on two occasions during the intervention, with a sub-group participating in a think aloud study. Three study data sets were generated and independently explored using inductive thematic analysis, with findings combined into a single set of themes. RESULTS Eleven adults participated in the interview study who were interviewed twice (total interviews completed n = 21, 1 participant declined the second interview), of whom six completed the think aloud study (total voice recordings n = 103). Three main themes emerged from the combined data; lived experience of participating in Snacktivity™, motivation for Snacktivity™ and experiences with the Snacktivity™ technology. Participants undertook a variety of activity snacks, utilising their environment, which they believed improved their psychological wellbeing. Participants were enthusiastic about Snacktivity™, with some stating that activity snacks were more accessible than traditional exercise, but perceived they were often prevented from doing so in the presence of others. Participants were mostly enthusiastic about using the Snacktivity™ technology. CONCLUSION Participants were able to incorporate Snacktivity™ into their lives, particularly at home, and found this approach acceptable. Participants felt they experienced health benefits from Snacktivity™ although barriers to participation were reported. This study offers insights for translating guidance into practice and supporting people to become more physically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Krouwel
- Centre for Lifestyle Medicine and Behaviour, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila M. Greenfield
- Institute for Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Chalkley
- Centre for Applied Education Research, Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - James P. Sanders
- Centre for Lifestyle Medicine and Behaviour, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M. Parretti
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Kajal Gokal
- Centre for Lifestyle Medicine and Behaviour, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Jolly
- Institute for Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalena Skrybant
- Institute for Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J. H. Biddle
- University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Australia and Faculty of Sport & Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Colin Greaves
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ralph Maddison
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nanette Mutrie
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Ives
- Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, Institute for Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dale W. Esliger
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Sherar
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte L. Edwardson
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Yates
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Frew
- Health Economics Unit, Institute for Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Tearne
- Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, Institute for Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda J. Daley
- Centre for Lifestyle Medicine and Behaviour, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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Daley AJ, Griffin RA, Moakes CA, Sanders JP, Skrybant M, Ives N, Maylor B, Greenfield SM, Gokal K, Parretti HM, Biddle SJH, Greaves C, Maddison R, Mutrie N, Esliger DW, Sherar L, Edwardson CL, Yates T, Frew E, Tearne S, Jolly K. Snacktivity™ to promote physical activity and reduce future risk of disease in the population: protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial and nested qualitative study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2023; 9:45. [PMID: 36932423 PMCID: PMC10021043 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-023-01272-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many people do not regularly participate in physical activity, which may negatively impact their health. Current physical activity guidelines are focused on promoting weekly accumulation of at least 150 min of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA). Whilst revised guidance now recognises the importance of making small changes to physical activity behaviour, guidance still focuses on adults needing to achieve at least 150 min of MVPA per week. An alternative 'whole day' approach that could motivate the public to be more physically active, is a concept called Snacktivity™. Instead of focusing on achieving 150 min per week of physical activity, for example 30 min of MVPA over 5 days, Snacktivity™ encourages the public to achieve this through small, but frequent, 2-5 min 'snacks' of MVPA throughout the whole day. METHODS The primary aim is to undertake a feasibility trial with nested qualitative interviews to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the Snacktivity™ intervention to inform the design of a subsequent phase III randomised trial. A two-arm randomised controlled feasibility trial aiming to recruit 80 inactive adults will be conducted. Recruitment will be from health and community settings and social media. Participants will be individually randomised (1:1 ratio) to receive either the Snacktivity™ intervention or usual care. The intervention will last 12 weeks with assessment of outcomes completed before and after the intervention in all participants. We are interested in whether the Snacktivity™ trial is appealing to participants (assessed by the recruitment rate) and if the Snacktivity™ intervention and trial methods are acceptable to participants (assessed by Snacktivity™/physical activity adherence and retention rates). The intervention will be delivered by health care providers within health care consultations or by researchers. Participants' experiences of the trial and intervention, and health care providers' views of delivering the intervention within health consultations will be explored. DISCUSSION The development of physical activity interventions that can be delivered at scale are needed. The findings from this study will inform the viability and design of a phase III trial to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Snacktivity™ to increase physical activity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN: 64851242.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Daley
- Centre for Lifestyle Medicine and Behaviour, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
| | - Ryan A Griffin
- Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, Institute for Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Catherine A Moakes
- Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, Institute for Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - James P Sanders
- Centre for Lifestyle Medicine and Behaviour, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Magdalena Skrybant
- Institute for Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Natalie Ives
- Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, Institute for Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ben Maylor
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Sheila M Greenfield
- Institute for Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kajal Gokal
- Centre for Lifestyle Medicine and Behaviour, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Helen M Parretti
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Stuart J H Biddle
- University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Australia.,Faculty of Sport & Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Colin Greaves
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ralph Maddison
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nanette Mutrie
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dale W Esliger
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Lauren Sherar
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Charlotte L Edwardson
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Tom Yates
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Emma Frew
- Health Economics Unit, Institute for Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah Tearne
- Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, Institute for Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kate Jolly
- Institute for Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Agbangla NF, Séba MP, Bunlon F. Snacktivity TM, Giant Games and Immersive Virtual Reality Exercises: A Rapid Narrative Review of These New Physical Activity Practices among Older People Living in Nursing Homes and Long-Term Care Facilities. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:1897. [PMID: 36292344 PMCID: PMC9601483 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In developed countries, the increasing number of older adults raises many public health challenges. Physical activity can enable healthy aging, as it is beneficial for both mental and physical health. Despite this, not all older adults engage in physical activity or have access to it. To counteract this, new physical practices such as SnacktivityTM, giant games and immersive virtual reality exercises are being developed. The main objective of this rapid narrative review is to summarize the effects of SnacktivityTM, giant games and immersive Virtual Reality (VR) exercise among older adults living in nursing homes and long-term care facilities. A scientific review was performed using the search engines PubMed, PsycInfo and Web of Science on 7 July 2022. Fifty-nine items are identified in total, and five items are included in the literature review. Synthesis of the studies shows that immersive virtual reality and giant games improve the motivation and enjoyment of older adults and are beneficial for their functional abilities. Furthermore, no interventional studies have tested the effect of SnacktivityTM in older adults. This review suggests that future studies should be conducted to further explore the effects of these new physical activity practices in older adults living in nursing homes or long-term care facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nounagnon Frutueux Agbangla
- Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société (URePSSS), ULR 7369, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, F-62800 Lille, France
| | - Marie-Philippine Séba
- Institut des Sciences du Sport-Santé de Paris (URP 3625), Université Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France
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