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Mou K, Mukhtar F, Khan MT, Darwish DB, Peng S, Muhammad S, Al-Sehemi AG, Wei DQ. Emerging Mutations in Nsp1 of SARS-CoV-2 and Their Effect on the Structural Stability. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10101285. [PMID: 34684233 PMCID: PMC8539063 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) encodes 16 non-structural (Nsp) and 4 structural proteins. Among the Nsps, Nsp1 inhibits host gene expression and also evades the immune system. This protein has been proposed as a target for vaccine development and also for drug design. Owing to its important role, the current study aimed to identify mutations in Nsp1 and their effect on protein stability and flexibility. This is the first comprehensive study in which 295,000 complete genomes have been screened for mutations after alignment with the Wuhan-Hu-1 reference genome (Accession NC_045512), using the CoVsurver app. The sequences harbored 933 mutations in the entire coding region of Nsp1. The most frequently occurring mutation in the 180-amino-acid Nsp1 protein was R24C (n = 1122), followed by D75E (n = 890), D48G (n = 881), H110Y (n = 860), and D144A (n = 648). Among the 933 non-synonymous mutations, 529 exhibited a destabilizing effect. Similarly, a gain in flexibility was observed in 542 mutations. The majority of the most frequent mutations were detected in the loop regions. These findings imply that Nsp1 mutations might be useful to exploit SARS-CoV-2's pathogenicity. Genomic sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 on a regular basis will further assist in analyzing variations among the drug targets and to test the diagnostic accuracy. This wide range of mutations and their effect on Nsp1's stability may have some consequences for the host's innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and also for the vaccines' efficacy. Based on this mutational information, geographically strain-specific drugs, vaccines, and antibody combinations could be a useful strategy against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejie Mou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 402760, China;
| | - Farwa Mukhtar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, KM Defence Road, Lahore 58810, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Tahir Khan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, KM Defence Road, Lahore 58810, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (M.T.K.); (D.-Q.W.)
| | - Doaa B. Darwish
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaoliang Peng
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Vanke Cloud City Phase I Building 8, Xili Street, Nashan District, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Shabbir Muhammad
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Vanke Cloud City Phase I Building 8, Xili Street, Nashan District, Shenzhen 518055, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai-Islamabad-Belgrade Joint Innovation Center on Antibacterial Resistances, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Correspondence: (M.T.K.); (D.-Q.W.)
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Zeng Y, Guo W, Xu G, Wang Q, Feng L, Long S, Liang F, Huang Y, Lu X, Li S, Zhou J, Burgunder JM, Pang J, Pei Z. Xyloketal-derived small molecules show protective effect by decreasing mutant Huntingtin protein aggregates in Caenorhabditis elegans model of Huntington's disease. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:1443-51. [PMID: 27110099 PMCID: PMC4835117 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s94666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder, with chorea as the most prominent manifestation. The disease is caused by abnormal expansion of CAG codon repeats in the IT15 gene, which leads to the expression of a glutamine-rich protein named mutant Huntingtin (Htt). Because of its devastating disease burden and lack of valid treatment, development of more effective therapeutics for Huntington's disease is urgently required. Xyloketal B, a natural product from mangrove fungus, has shown protective effects against toxicity in other neurodegenerative disease models such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. To identify potential neuroprotective molecules for Huntington's disease, six derivatives of xyloketal B were screened in a Caenorhabditis elegans Huntington's disease model; all six compounds showed a protective effect. Molecular docking studies indicated that compound 1 could bind to residues GLN369 and GLN393 of the mutant Htt protein, forming a stable trimeric complex that can prevent the formation of mutant Htt aggregates. Taken together, we conclude that xyloketal derivatives could be novel drug candidates for treating Huntington's disease. Molecular target analysis is a good method to simulate the interaction between proteins and drug compounds. Further, protective candidate drugs could be designed in future using the guidance of molecular docking results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Zeng
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangzhou Center, Chinese Huntington's Disease Network, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Guo
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangqing Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinmei Wang
- Key laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyang Feng
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangzhou Center, Chinese Huntington's Disease Network, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Simei Long
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyin Liang
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xilin Lu
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiebin Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jean-Marc Burgunder
- Swiss Huntington's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jiyan Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangzhou Center, Chinese Huntington's Disease Network, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Srivastava A, Balaji PV. Interplay of sequence, topology and termini charge in determining the stability of the aggregates of GNNQQNY mutants: a molecular dynamics study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96660. [PMID: 24817093 PMCID: PMC4015988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores the stabilities of single sheet parallel systems of three sequence variants of 1GNNQQNY7, N2D, N2S and N6D, with variations in aggregate size (5–8) and termini charge (charged or neutral). The aggregates were simulated at 300 and 330 K. These mutations decrease amyloid formation in the yeast prion protein Sup35. The present study finds that these mutations cause instability even in the peptide context. The protonation status of termini is found to be a key determinant of stabilities; other determinants are sequence, position of mutation and aggregate size. All systems with charged termini are unstable, whereas both stable and unstable systems are found when the termini are neutral. When termini are charged, the largest stable aggregate for the N2S and N6D systems has 3 to 4 peptides whereas N2D mutation supports oligomers of larger size (5-and 6-mers) as well. Mutation at 2nd position (N2S and N2D) results in fewer H-bonds at the mutated as well as neighboring (Gly1/Gln4) positions. However, no such effect is found if mutation is at 6th position (N6D). The effect of Asn→Asp mutation depends on the position and termini charge: it is more destabilizing at the 2nd position than at the 6th in case of neutral termini, however, the opposite is true in case of charged termini. Appearance of twist in stable systems and in smaller aggregates formed in unstable systems suggests that twist is integral to amyloid arrangement. Disorder, dissociation or rearrangement of peptides, disintegration or collapse of aggregates and formation of amorphous aggregates observed in these simulations are likely to occur during the early stages of aggregation also. The smaller aggregates formed due to such events have a variety of arrangements of peptides. This suggests polymorphic nature of oligomers and presence of a heterogeneous mixture of oligomers during early stages of aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Petety V. Balaji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
- * E-mail:
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Côté S, Wei G, Mousseau N. Atomistic mechanisms of huntingtin N-terminal fragment insertion on a phospholipid bilayer revealed by molecular dynamics simulations. Proteins 2014; 82:1409-27. [PMID: 24415136 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The huntingtin protein is characterized by a segment of consecutive glutamines (Q(N)) that is responsible for its fibrillation. As with other amyloid proteins, misfolding of huntingtin is related to Huntington's disease through pathways that can involve interactions with phospholipid membranes. Experimental results suggest that the N-terminal 17-amino-acid sequence (htt(NT)) positioned just before the Q(N) region is important for the binding of huntingtin to membranes. Through all-atom explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations, we unveil the structure and dynamics of the htt(NT)Q(N) fragment on a phospholipid membrane at the atomic level. We observe that the insertion dynamics of this peptide can be described by four main steps-approach, reorganization, anchoring, and insertion-that are very diverse at the atomic level. On the membrane, the htt(NT) peptide forms a stable α-helix essentially parallel to the membrane with its nonpolar side-chains-mainly Leu-4, Leu-7, Phe-11 and Leu-14-positioned in the hydrophobic core of the membrane. Salt-bridges involving Glu-5, Glu-12, Lys-6, and Lys-15, as well as hydrogen bonds involving Thr-3 and Ser-13 with the phospholipids also stabilize the structure and orientation of the htt(NT) peptide. These observations do not significantly change upon adding the Q(N) region whose role is rather to provide, through its hydrogen bonds with the phospholipids' head group, a stable scaffold facilitating the partitioning of the htt(NT) region in the membrane. Moreover, by staying accessible to the solvent, the amyloidogenic Q(N) region could also play a key role for the oligomerization of htt(NT)Q(N) on phospholipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Côté
- Département de Physique and Groupe de recherche sur les protéines membranaires (GEPROM), Université de Montréal, Montréal (Québec), Canada
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Côté S, Wei G, Mousseau N. All-Atom Stability and Oligomerization Simulations of Polyglutamine Nanotubes with and without the 17-Amino-Acid N-Terminal Fragment of the Huntingtin Protein. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:12168-79. [DOI: 10.1021/jp306661c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Côté
- Département de Physique
and Groupe de recherche sur les protéines membranaires (GEPROM), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale
Centre-ville, Montréal (Québec), Canada
| | - Guanghong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Surface
Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Normand Mousseau
- Département de Physique
and Groupe de recherche sur les protéines membranaires (GEPROM), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale
Centre-ville, Montréal (Québec), Canada
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Nakano M, Watanabe H, Rothstein SM, Tanaka S. Comparative characterization of short monomeric polyglutamine peptides by replica exchange molecular dynamics simulation. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:7056-61. [PMID: 20441177 DOI: 10.1021/jp9122024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are caused by an abnormal expansion of CAG repeats. While their detailed structure remains unclear, polyQ peptides assume beta-sheet structures when they aggregate. To investigate the conformational ensemble of short, monomeric polyQ peptides, which consist of 15 glutamine residues (Q(15)), we performed replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulations. We found that Q(15) can assume multiple configurations due to all of the residues affecting the formation of side-chain hydrogen bonds. Analysis of the free energy landscape reveals that Q(15) has a basin for random-coil structures and another for alpha-helix or beta-turn structures. To investigate properties of aggregated polyQ peptides, we performed multiple molecular dynamics (MMD) simulations for monomeric and oligomeric Q(15). MMD revealed that the formation of oligomers stabilizes the beta-turn structure by increasing the number of hydrogen bonds between the main chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Nakano
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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