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Liang J, Li X, Huang B, Pan Y, Zhuang Z, Ye Q, Peng C, Deng H, Yi Y, Zhang B, Chen P, Chen X. Rapid, on-site quantitative determination of mycotoxins in grains using a multiple time-resolved fluorescent microsphere immunochromatographic test strip. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 258:116357. [PMID: 38729049 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The label probe plays a crucial role in enhancing the sensitivity of lateral flow immunoassays. However, conventional fluorescent microspheres (FMs) have limitations due to their short fluorescence lifetime, susceptibility to background fluorescence interference, and inability to facilitate multi-component detection. In this study, carboxylate-modified Eu(III)-chelate-doped polystyrene nanobeads were employed as label probes to construct a multiple time-resolved fluorescent microsphere-based immunochromatographic test strip (TRFM-ICTS). This novel TRFM-ICTS facilitated rapid on-site quantitative detection of three mycotoxins in grains: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), Zearalenone (ZEN), and Deoxynivalenol (DON). The limit of detection (LOD) for AFB1, ZEN, and DON were found to be 0.03 ng/g, 0.11 ng/g, and 0.81 ng/g, respectively. Furthermore, the TRFM-ICTS demonstrated a wide detection range for AFB1 (0.05-8.1 ng/g), ZEN (0.125-25 ng/g), and DON (1.0-234 ng/g), while maintaining excellent selectivity. Notably, the test strip exhibited remarkable stability, retaining its detection capability even after storage at 4 °C for over one year. Importantly, the detection of these mycotoxins relied solely on simple manual operations, and with a portable reader, on-site detection could be accomplished within 20 min. This TRFM-ICTS presents a promising solution for sensitive on-site mycotoxin detection, suitable for practical application in various settings due to its sensitivity, accuracy, simplicity, and portability.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunFa Liang
- Guangzhou Institute of Food Inspection, Guangzhou, 511400, PR China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Bin Huang
- Shenzhen Lvshiyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518100, PR China
| | - Yupeng Pan
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Zile Zhuang
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Qiuxiong Ye
- Guangzhou Institute of Food Inspection, Guangzhou, 511400, PR China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Guangzhou Institute of Food Inspection, Guangzhou, 511400, PR China
| | - Huangyi Deng
- Guangdong Institute of Food Inspection, Guangzhou, 510000, PR China
| | - Yunting Yi
- Guangzhou Institute of Food Inspection, Guangzhou, 511400, PR China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Food Inspection, Guangzhou, 511400, PR China
| | - Peiyi Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Food Inspection, Guangzhou, 511400, PR China
| | - Xuncai Chen
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.
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Guo W, Feng D, Yang X, Zhao Z, Yang J. Screening and dietary exposure assessment of T-2 toxin and its modified forms in commercial cereals and cereal-based products in Shanghai. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101199. [PMID: 38495028 PMCID: PMC10943633 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
A reliable and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method coupled with HLB-SPE was developed for simultaneous determination of T-2 and its modified forms (HT-2, NEO, T-2-triol, T-2-tetraol, T-2-3G, and HT-2-3G) in cereals and cereal-based products. Acceptable linearity (R2 ≥ 0.99), limits of quantitation (0.5-10.0 μg/kg), intra-day precision (RSD < 12.8 %), inter-day precision (RSD ≤ 15.8 %), and recovery (76.8 %-115.2 %) were obtained for all analytes in all matrices investigated. 107 commercial foodstuffs were analyzed, and T-2 was detected in 29.0 % of maize and maize flour samples (0.51 to 56.61 μg/kg) and in 10-33.3 % of wheat flour and barley samples (1.27 to 78.51 μg/kg). Moreover, 66.7 % of the positive samples were simultaneously contaminated with two or more T-2 forms. The possible health risk related to T-2 and its modified forms in cereals and cereal-based products was evaluated using a probabilistic dietary exposure assessment. The 95th percentile dietary exposure values of the sum of T-2 forms ranged from 0.16 to 1.70 ng/kg b.w./day for lower bound (LB), and 0.17 to 7.59 ng/kg b.w./day for upper bound (UB). Results strongly suggested that the presence of T-2 and its modified forms in cereals and cereal-based products warrants greater attention and investigation, although probabilistic dietary exposure values currently remain below the tolerable daily intake (TDI) value of 20 ng/kg b.w./day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Guo
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Shanghai Kelite Agricultural Product Testing Technology Service Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Disen Feng
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Xianli Yang
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Junhua Yang
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
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3
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Zhang G, Liu T, Cai H, Hu Y, Zhang Z, Huang M, Peng J, Lai W. Molecular Engineering and Confinement Effect Powered Ultrabright Nanoparticles for Improving Sensitivity of Lateral Flow Immunoassay. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2346-2354. [PMID: 38181225 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The application of traditional lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA)-based gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to measure traces of target chemicals is usually challenging. In this study, we developed an integrated strategy based on molecular engineering and the spatial confinement of nanoparticles (NPs) to obtain ultrahigh quantum yields (QYs) of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorescence NPs and employed them for the highly sensitive detection of T-2 toxin on the LFIA platform. Tetraethyl-4,4',4″,4‴-(ethene-1,1,2,2-tetrayl)tetrabenzoate (TCPEME), an AIE luminogen, was designed using molecular engineering to lower the energy gap, achieving higher QYs (26.26%) than previous AIEgens (13.02%). Subsequently, TCPEME-doped fluorescence NPs (TFNPs) achieved ultrahigh QYs, up to 84.55%, which were generated from the strong restriction of the NP state, efficiently suppressing nonradiative relaxation channels verified by ultrafast electron dynamics. On the LFIA platform, the sensitivity of the designed TFNP-based LFIA (TFNP-LFIA) was 10.4-fold and 4.3-fold more sensitive than that of the AuNP-LFIA and TPENP-LFIA for detecting the T-2 toxin, respectively. In addition, TFNP-LFIA was used for detecting T-2 toxin in samples and showed satisfactory recoveries (79.5 to 122.0%) with CV (1.49 to 11.75%), which implied excellent application potential for TFNP-LFIA. Overall, dual improvement of the molecule in fluorescence performance originating from the molecular engineering and spatial confinement of NPs could be an efficient tool for promoting the development of high-performance reporters in LFIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Huadong Cai
- Animal Husbandry Development and Disease Control Center of Ganzhou, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Ganzhou Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Institute, Gannan Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- Jiangxi Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Inspection Center, Nanchang 330077, China
| | - Meifeng Huang
- Animal Husbandry Development and Disease Control Center of Ganzhou, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Juan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Weihua Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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4
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Detection of T-2 Toxin in Wheat and Maize with a Portable Mass Spectrometer. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15030222. [PMID: 36977113 PMCID: PMC10052129 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
T-2 toxin is a mycotoxin routinely found as a contaminant of cereal grains worldwide. A portable mass spectrometer was adapted to enable the detection of T-2 toxin in wheat and maize by APCI-MS. In order to facilitate rapid testing, a rapid cleanup was used. The method was able to detect T-2 toxin in soft white wheat, hard red wheat, and yellow dent maize and could be used to screen for T-2 at levels above 0.2 mg/kg. The HT-2 toxin was only detectable at very high levels (>0.9 mg/kg). Based on these results, the sensitivity was not sufficient to allow the application of the screening method to these commodities at levels recommended by the European Commission. With a cut-off level of 0.107 mg/kg, the method correctly classified nine of ten reference samples of wheat and maize. The results suggest that portable MS detection of T-2 toxin is feasible. However, additional research will be needed to develop an application sensitive enough to meet regulatory requirements.
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Shi Y, Shao X, Sun M, Ma J, Li B, Zou N, Li F. MiR-140 is involved in T-2 toxin-induced matrix degradation of articular cartilage. Toxicon 2023; 222:106987. [PMID: 36462649 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.106987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is one of the most toxic mycotoxins contaminating various grains. It is considered an environmental risk factor for Kashin-Beck disease (KBD), an endemic degenerative osteochondrosis. Currently, the underlying molecular mechanisms of articular cartilage damage caused by T-2 toxin have not been elucidated. Studies have shown that miR-140 is essential for cartilage formation, and extracellular matrix (EMC) synthesis and degradation. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of miR-140 involvement in T-2 toxin-induced articular cartilage damage. Two treatment groups, each containing wild-type mice and miR-140 knockout mice were administered with T-2 toxin (200 ng/g BW/day) or a normal diet for 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. Results showed that T-2 toxin caused articular cartilage and growth plate damage in mice. The expression of miR-140 decreased in articular cartilage of wild-type mice treated with T-2 toxin, and miR-140 deficiency aggravated T-2 toxin-induced knee cartilage damage. T-2 toxin-caused the reduction of miR-140 expression was consistent with collagen type II (COL2A1), aggrecan (ACAN), and SRY-box containing gene 9 (SOX9) and opposite to matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif 5 (ADAMTS-5), and v-ral simian leukemia viral oncogene homolog A (RALA). In addition, we collected finger joints cartilage and knee joints cartilage from KBD patients and controls for paraffin embedding and sectioning. Results found that the expression of miR-140 in the articular cartilage of the KBD group was lower than that of the control group. The expression of COL2A1, ACAN, and SOX9 decreased, whereas ADAMTS-5, MMP13, and RALA increased in the articular cartilage of the KBD group. These results revealed that miR-140 might be involved in T-2 toxin-induced degradation of the ECM of articular cartilage. Moreover, the occurrence of KBD might be related to the decreased expression of miR-140 in articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Shi
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention/ Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xinhua Shao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention/ Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Mengyi Sun
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention/ Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Bingsu Li
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention/ Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ning Zou
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention/ Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Fuyuan Li
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention/ Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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6
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Varga E, Soros C, Fodor P, Cserháti M, Sebők R, Kriszt B, Geosel A. Accumulation of HT-2 toxin from contaminated mushroom compost by edible Agaricus bisporus. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:803-816. [PMID: 35394401 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2037723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Wheat straw is commonly used as a cellulose source in mushroom compost and could be a secondary source of mycotoxin contamination in the food chain. We cultivated edible Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus on T-2/HT-2 artificially-contaminated mushroom compost and developed and in-house validated an UHPLC-MS/MS method for determination of T-2, HT-2, T2-triol and T2-tetraol in mushroom compost and mushroom basidiocarp. A rapid phase I metabolization of T-2 and HT-2 in mushroom compost was observed. In Agaricus bisporus, basidiocarps 8-15 µg kg-1 accumulation of HT-2 calculated on wet weight was measured. No detectable mycotoxins were found in Pleurotus ostreatus basidiocarp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emese Varga
- Department of Food- and Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Soros
- Department of Food- and Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Fodor
- Department of Food- and Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mátyás Cserháti
- Department of Environmental Protection and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Rózsa Sebők
- Department of Environmental Protection and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Balázs Kriszt
- Department of Environmental Protection and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Andras Geosel
- Department of Vegetable and Mushroom Growing, Institute of Horticultural Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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7
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Highly sensitive detection of three protein toxins via SERS-lateral flow immunoassay based on SiO 2@Au nanoparticles. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2022; 41:102522. [PMID: 35032631 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed surface-enhanced Raman scattering-lateral flow immunoassay (SERS-LFIA) biosensor strips based on SiO2@Au nanoparticles (NPs) for the specific and highly sensitive detection of ricin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), and botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A). SiO2@Au NPs were used to prepare SERS tags with useful properties, such as light weight, uniform particle size, good dispersion, and high SERS performance. The detection limit of the SERS-LFIA strips developed herein for ricin, SEB, and BoNT/A was 0.1, 0.05, and 0.1 ng/mL. Their sensitivity was 100-fold higher than that of colloidal gold-LFIA strips, and the same batch of strips had good repeatability. Moreover, the test was completed within 15 min, indicating that the strips are suitable for the rapid and on-site detection of the said toxins. The SERS-LFIA strips based on SiO2@Au NPs developed herein for the detection of toxins are important to the prevention of bioterrorism attacks.
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Tan X, Yu W, Wang Y, Song P, Xu Q, Ming D, Yang Y. A switchable and signal-amplified aptasensor based on metal organic frameworks as the quencher for turn-on detection of T-2 mycotoxin. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6595-6603. [PMID: 34430983 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03625-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A simple and low-cost fluorescence aptasensor was developed for rapid and sensitive signal amplification detection of T-2 mycotoxin (T-2). Dual-terminal-fluorescein amidite (FAM)-labeled aptamer (D-aptamer) acted as a recognition element and signal indicator. The metal organic frameworks (MOFs) of N, N'-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dithiooxamidato copper (II) (H2dtoaCu) were as the quencher. The D-aptamer was initially adsorbed to the surface of H2dtoaCu, leading to efficient quenching of the aptasensor. Upon addition of T-2, the D-aptamer underwent a conformation change to form the T-2/T-2 aptamer complex, which induced the signaling probe to be released from the H2dtoaCu surface. Thus, the fluorescence intensity (FL) of the D-aptamer was recovered. Versus the single-terminal-FAM-labeled aptamer (S-aptamer), the D-aptamer showed a lower detection limit of 0.39 ng/mL. The aptasensor was also successfully applied to detect T-2 in corn and wheat samples with good recoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinliu Tan
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.,College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidao Yu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Song
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengming Ming
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqiong Yang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Wang H, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wang M, Liu Y, Liao Y, Li Z, Feng Y, Chen J. The decreased expression of integrin αv is involved in T-2 toxin-induced extracellular matrix degradation in chondrocytes. Toxicon 2021; 199:109-116. [PMID: 34139256 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is one of the most toxic and common mycotoxins in grains and related products. It is considered a risk factor for Kashin-Beck disease (KBD), an endemic osteoarthritis. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that T-2 toxin can cause extracellular matrix degradation; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Integrins have been found to regulate the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), the 'scissors' of matrix proteins. In this study, we investigated whether integrin αv played a role in T-2 toxin-induced matrix degradation. Results from our study showed that the expression of integrin αv in the cartilage of rats fed T-2 toxin was reduced compared to that in rats fed a normal diet. Integrin αv was downregulated in T-2 toxin-treated C28/I2 chondrocytes, and selenium was found to have a protective effect. The expression of MMP-1, -3, -10, and -13 increased whereas that of type II collagen (Col II) protein decreased in C28/I2 cells treated with an integrin αv inhibitor. In conclusion, T-2 toxin can downregulate integrin αv expression in chondrocytes. Reduced integrin αv signalling could induce the release of MMPs, leading to matrix degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yinan Liu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengying Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yucheng Liao
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhengzheng Li
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiping Feng
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinghong Chen
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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10
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Zhao X, Wang Y, Li J, Huo B, Huang H, Bai J, Peng Y, Li S, Han D, Ren S, Wang J, Gao Z. A fluorescence aptasensor for the sensitive detection of T-2 toxin based on FRET by adjusting the surface electric potentials of UCNPs and MIL-101. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1160:338450. [PMID: 33894966 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is a class A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium, which exhibits genotoxic, cytotoxic, and immunotoxic effects in animals and humans. In this study, we developed an aptasensor for the sensitive detection of T-2 toxin, which was based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and acted by adjusting the electric potential on the surface of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and MIL-101(Cr). In addition, it combined the excellent spectral properties of UCNPs with the good adsorption quenching abilities of metal organic frameworks (MOFs). Under the action of π-π stacking interactions, the UCNPs-aptamer was adsorbed onto the surface of MIL-101, leading to fluorescence quenching due to the occurrence of FRET. After the addition of T-2 toxin, owing to its selective binding to the UCNPs-aptamer, the UCNPs-aptamer moved away from MIL-101(Cr), resulting in fluorescence recovery. Moreover, the extent of fluorescence recovery was positively correlated with the concentration of T-2 toxin. The limit of detection (LOD) of this sensor was 0.087 ng mL-1 (S/N = 3), and a good linear correlation was observed between the fluorescence intensity and the T-2 toxin concentration in the range of 0.1-100 ng mL-1. Moreover, the recovery of this method was 97.52-109.53% for corn meal samples (relative standard deviation, RSD = 1.7-2.4%) and 90.81-100.02% for beer samples (RSD = 2.4-2.7%). By adjusting the surface electric potentials, the efficient fluorescence aptasensor combined the advantages of UCNPs and MIL-101(Cr) and allowed the first application of such a system in toxin detection, thereby indicating its potential food sample analysis and biochemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, PR China
| | - Jingzhi Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, PR China; School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
| | - Bingyang Huo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, PR China; School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, PR China
| | - Hui Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, PR China; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China
| | - Jialei Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, PR China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, PR China
| | - Shuang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, PR China
| | - Dianpeng Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, PR China
| | - Shuyue Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, PR China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, PR China
| | - Zhixian Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, PR China.
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11
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Sohrabi H, Arbabzadeh O, Khaaki P, Khataee A, Majidi MR, Orooji Y. Patulin and Trichothecene: characteristics, occurrence, toxic effects and detection capabilities via clinical, analytical and nanostructured electrochemical sensing/biosensing assays in foodstuffs. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5540-5568. [PMID: 33624529 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1887077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patulin and Trichothecene as the main groups of mycotoxins in significant quantities can cause health risks from allergic reactions to death on both humans and animals. Accordingly, rapid and highly sensitive determination of these toxics agents is of great importance. This review starts with a comprehensive outlook regarding the characteristics, occurrence and toxic effects of Patulin and Trichothecene. In the following, numerous clinical and analytical approaches have been extensively discussed. The main emphasis of this review is placed on the utilization of novel nanomaterial based electrochemical sensing/biosensing tools for highly sensitive determination of Patulin and Trichothecene. Furthermore, a detailed and comprehensive comparison has been performed between clinical, analytical and sensing methods. Subsequently, the nanomaterial based electrochemical sensing platforms have been approved as reliable tools for on-site analysis of Patulin and Trichothecene in food processing and manufacturing industries. Different nanomaterials in improving the performance of detecting assays were investigated and have various benefits toward clinical and analytical methods. This paper would address the limitations in the current developments as well as the future challenges involved in the successful construction of sensing approaches with the functionalized nanomaterials and also allow exploring into core-research works regarding this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessamaddin Sohrabi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Omid Arbabzadeh
- Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pegah Khaaki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.,Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mir Reza Majidi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yasin Orooji
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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12
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Chen P, Xiang B, Shi H, Yu P, Song Y, Li S. Recent advances on type A trichothecenes in food and feed: Analysis, prevalence, toxicity, and decontamination techniques. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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13
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Dual fluorescent immunochromatographic assay for simultaneous quantitative detection of citrinin and zearalenone in corn samples. Food Chem 2020; 336:127713. [PMID: 32768909 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The presence of multiple mycotoxins in the agricultural products poses a serious threat to the health of humans and animals. Citrinin (CIT) causes slow growth in animals and damages the kidney function. Zearalenone (ZEN) causes chronic poisoning, abnormal functioning and even death in animals. Herein, a dual fluorescent immunochromatographic assay (DF-ICA) based on europium nanoparticles (EuNPs) was developed for the simultaneous detection of CIT and ZEN in the corn samples. After optimization, the limits of detection (LODs), IC50 and average recoveries for the simultaneous determination of CIT and ZEN were 0.06 and 0.11 ng/mL, 0.35 and 0.76 ng/mL, from 86.3% to 111.6% and from 86.6% to 114.4%, respectively. Moreover, the DF-ICA was validated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses, and a satisfactory consistency was obtained. In brief, this work demonstrates the feasibility of DF-ICA for simultaneous monitoring of CIT and ZEN in the corn samples.
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14
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Ling A, Sun L, Guo W, Sun S, Yang J, Zhao Z. Individual and combined cytotoxic effects of T-2 toxin and its four metabolites on porcine Leydig cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 139:111277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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15
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Dai D, Pan Y, Zeng C, Liu S, Yan Y, Wu X, Xu Z, Zhang L. Activated FXR promotes xenobiotic metabolism of T-2 toxin and attenuates oxidative stress in broiler chicken liver. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 316:108912. [PMID: 31830458 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The transmission of T-2 toxin and its metabolites into the edible tissues of poultry has potential effects on human health. The bile acid and xenobiotic system composes an intricate physiological network of chemoprotective and transporter-related functions, which ensures the detoxification and removal of harmful xenobiotic and endobiotic compounds from the body. This study revealed that cholic acid (CA), as one of the bile acids, promoted the metabolism of T-2 toxin in vivo by inducing the xenobiotic metabolism enzymes expression, thereby increasing the stress resistance and attenuating the oxidative stress. This study also indicated that dietary supplementation of 1% CA alleviated the mortality caused by T-2 toxin. Liver histology results demonstrated that CA supplementation significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, sinusoidal expansion and congestion. Biochemistry results showed that the elevations of plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and the increase in concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in liver induced by the T-2 toxin were decreased by dietary supplementation of 1% CA. Additionally, CA supplementation led to the increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, but the decrease in catalase (CAT) activity in broiler chicken livers. Based on these findings, we propose that activation of FXR promotes T-2 toxin xenobiotic metabolism, and FXR plays a hepatoprotection role in liver injury induced by T-2 toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Depeng Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuanhu Pan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - CuiPing Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shenghui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yi Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zaiyan Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lisheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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16
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Prevalent Mycotoxins in Animal Feed: Occurrence and Analytical Methods. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11050290. [PMID: 31121952 PMCID: PMC6563184 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11050290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, we have been witnessing a steady tendency in the increase of global demand for maize, wheat, soybeans, and their products due to the steady growth and strengthening of the livestock industry. Thus, animal feed safety has gradually become more important, with mycotoxins representing one of the most significant hazards. Mycotoxins comprise different classes of secondary metabolites of molds. With regard to animal feed, aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, and zearalenone are the more prevalent ones. In this review, several constraints posed by these contaminants at economical and commercial levels will be discussed, along with the legislation established in the European Union to restrict mycotoxins levels in animal feed. In addition, the occurrence of legislated mycotoxins in raw materials and their by-products for the feeds of interest, as well as in the feeds, will be reviewed. Finally, an overview of the different sample pretreatment and detection techniques reported for mycotoxin analysis will be presented, the main weaknesses of current methods will be highlighted.
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17
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Zhang X, He K, Fang Y, Cao T, Paudyal N, Zhang XF, Song HH, Li XL, Fang WH. Dual flow immunochromatographic assay for rapid and simultaneous quantitative detection of ochratoxin A and zearalenone in corn, wheat, and feed samples. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2019; 19:871-883. [PMID: 30387337 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1800085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A one-step dual flow immunochromatographic assay (DICGA), based on a competitive format, was developed for simultaneous quantification of ochratoxin A (OTA) and zearalenone (ZEN) in corn, wheat, and feed samples. The limit of detection for OTA was 0.32 ng/ml with a detection range of 0.53‒12.16 ng/ml, while for ZEN it was 0.58 ng/ml with a detection range of 1.06‒39.72 ng/ml. The recovery rates in corn, wheat, and feed samples ranged from 77.3% to 106.3% with the coefficient of variation lower than 15%. Naturally contaminated corn, wheat, and feed samples were analyzed using both DICGA and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and the correlation between the two methods was evaluated using a regression analysis. The DICGA method shows great potential for simple, rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective quantitative detection of OTA and ZEN in food safety control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China.,Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ke He
- China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Yun Fang
- Zhejiang Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection and Quarantine, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Tong Cao
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Narayan Paudyal
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhang
- Zhejiang Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection and Quarantine, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Hou-Hui Song
- China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Li
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei-Huan Fang
- China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China.,Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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18
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Zhu W, Liu L, Dong Y, Meng G, Tang L, Li Y, Cai J, Wang H. Identification and characterization of a T-2 toxin-producingFusarium poaestrain and the anti-tumor effect of the T-2 toxin on human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721. RSC Adv 2019; 9:9281-9288. [PMID: 35517673 PMCID: PMC9062006 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09967g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
T-2 toxin, produced by Fusarium moulds, is a type A trichothecene mycotoxin which is known to inhibit protein synthesis and also reported to induce DNA lesions, potentially causing DNA fragmentation. T-2 toxin is a very potent cytotoxic toxin, which displays anti-tumor properties. Nevertheless, more studies are still needed to explore its antitumor mechanisms as well as its clinical application in cancer treatment. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a T-2 toxin produced by a Fusarium poae isolated from Jilin, Northeast China. 17 strains of Fusarium poae were screened for T-2 toxin-production and one strain with the highest yield was selected further studies. T-2 toxin produced by the selected Fusarium poae was isolated and purified by HPLC. Anticancer properties of the purified T-2 toxin were evaluated with human hepatoma cell SMMC-7721. The purified T-2 toxin inhibits the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells and induces cell apoptosis. The mitochondrial membrane potential decreased and the intracellular ROS was up-regulated after T-2 treatment of the cells. Further studies revealed that T-2 treatment activates the intrinsic mitochondrial and MAPKs pathway. Our data provide insight into the promising application of the T-2 toxin in cancer treatment. T-2 toxin produced by Fusarium poae strain can induces apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei Liu
- Jilin Medical University
- China
| | | | | | - Lu Tang
- Jilin Medical University
- China
| | - Yan Li
- Jilin Medical University
- China
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19
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Peng D, Xie S, Chen D, Pan Y, Tao Y, Yuan Z. Construction of Electrochemical Immunosensor Based on Gold-Nanoparticles/Carbon Nanotubes/Chitosan for Sensitive Determination of T-2 Toxin in Feed and Swine Meat. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3895. [PMID: 30563124 PMCID: PMC6320875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
T-2 toxin (T-2) is one of major concern mycotoxins acknowledged as an unavoidable contaminant in human foods, animal feeds and also agriculture products. Thus, a facile and sensitive method is essential for accurate T-2 toxin detection. In our work, a specific electrochemical immunosensor based on gold nanoparticles/carboxylic group-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes/chitosan (AuNPs/cSWNTs/CS) composite was established. The mechanism of the electrochemical immunosensor was an indirect competitive binding to a given amount of anti-T-2 between free T-2 and T-2-bovine serum albumin, which was conjugated on covalently functionalized cSWNTs decorated on the glass carbon electrode. Afterwards, the alkaline phosphatase labeled anti-mouse secondary antibody was bound to the electrode surface by reacting with the primary antibody. Lastly, alkaline phosphatase catalyzed the hydrolysis of the substrate α-naphthyl phosphate, which produced an electrochemical signal. Compared with conventional methods, the established immunosensor was more sensitive and simpler. Under optimal conditions, this method could quantitatively detect T-2 from 0.01 to 100 μg·L-1 with a detection limit of 0.13 μg·L-1 and favorable recovery 91.42⁻102.49%. Moreover, the immunosensor was successfully applied to assay T-2 in feed and swine meat, which showed good correlation with the results obtained from liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Liyun Zhang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Dapeng Peng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Shuyu Xie
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Dongmei Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yuanhu Pan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yanfei Tao
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China.
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20
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Li Y, Sun M, Mao X, You Y, Gao Y, Yang J, Wu Y. Mycotoxins Contaminant in Kelp: A Neglected Dietary Exposure Pathway. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E481. [PMID: 30463254 PMCID: PMC6266055 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10110481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to investigated current occurrence of major mycotoxins in dietary kelp in Shandong Province in Northern China, a reliable, sensitive, and rapid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of the 7 most frequent mycotoxins, including 3-acetoxy deoxynivalenol (3AcDON), 15-acetoxy deoxynivalenol (15AcDON), Deoxynivalenol (DON), Fusarenon-X (F-X), Nivalenol (NIV), T-2 toxin (T-2), and Zearalenone (ZEA). Based on optimized pretreatment and chromatographic and mass spectrometry conditions, these target analytes could be monitored with mean recoveries from 72.59~107.34%, with intra⁻day RSD < 9.21%, inter⁻day RSD < 9.09%, LOD < 5.55 μg kg-1, and LOQ < 18.5 μg kg-1. Approximately 43 kelp samples were detected, 3AcDON/15AcDON ranged from 15.3 to 162.5 μg kg-1 with positive rate of 86% in Shandong Province in Northern China. Considering there were no related investigations about mycotoxin contamination in kelp, the high contamination rate of 3AcDON/15AcDON in kelp showed a neglected mycotoxin exposure pathway, which might lead to high dietary exposure risk to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshen Li
- Marine Product Quality and Safety Inspection Key Laboratory in Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Mingxue Sun
- Marine Product Quality and Safety Inspection Key Laboratory in Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Xin Mao
- Marine Product Quality and Safety Inspection Key Laboratory in Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Yanli You
- Marine Product Quality and Safety Inspection Key Laboratory in Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Yonglin Gao
- Marine Product Quality and Safety Inspection Key Laboratory in Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Jianrong Yang
- Marine Product Quality and Safety Inspection Key Laboratory in Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Yongning Wu
- NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China.
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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21
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Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube for One-Step Cleanup of 21 Mycotoxins in Corn and Wheat Prior to Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography⁻Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10100409. [PMID: 30308981 PMCID: PMC6215200 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10100409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One-step solid-phase extraction (SPE) using a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) for simultaneous analysis of 21 mycotoxins, including nine trichothecenes, zearalenone (ZEN) and its derivatives, four aflatoxins, and two ochratoxins, in corn and wheat was developed. Several key parameters affecting the performance of the one-step SPE procedure—types of MWCNT, combinations with five sorbents (octadecylsilyl (C18), hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB), mixed-mode cationic exchange (MCX), silica gel, and amino-propyl (NH2)), and filling amounts of the MWCNTs—were thoroughly investigated. The combination of 20 mg carboxylic MWCNT and 200 mg C18 was proven to be the most effective, allowing the quantification of all analyzed mycotoxins in corn and wheat. Under the optimized cleanup procedure prior to ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) analysis, the method was validated by analyzing samples spiked at the limit of quantification (LOQ), two-times LOQ, and 10-times LOQ. Satisfactory linearity (r2 ≥ 0.9910), high sensitivity (LOQ in different ranges of 0.5–25 μg L−1), good recovery (75.6–110.3%), and acceptable precision (relative standard deviation (RSD), 0.3–10.7%) were obtained. The applicability of the method was further confirmed using raw samples of corn and wheat. In conclusion, the established method was rapid, simple and reliable for simultaneous analysis of 21 mycotoxins in corn and wheat.
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22
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Schmidt HS, Schulz M, Focke C, Becker S, Cramer B, Humpf HU. Glucosylation of T-2 and HT-2 toxins using biotransformation and chemical synthesis: Preparation, stereochemistry, and stability. Mycotoxin Res 2018; 34:159-172. [PMID: 29511991 PMCID: PMC6061246 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-018-0310-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived phase II metabolites of T-2 toxin (T2) and HT-2 toxin (HT2) were first described in 2011 and further characterized in the following years. Since then, some efforts have been made to understand their biosynthesis, occurrence, toxicity, toxicokinetics, and finally relevance for consumers. Thus, the probably most important question is whether and how these metabolites contribute to toxicity upon hydrolysis either during food processing or the gastrointestinal passage. To answer this question, firstly, knowledge on the correct stereochemistry of T2 and HT2 glucosides is important as this affects hydrolysis and chemical behavior. So far, contradictory results have been published concerning the number and anomericity of occurring glucosides. For this reason, we set up different strategies for the synthesis of mg-amounts of T2, HT2, and T2 triol glucosides in both α and ß configuration. All synthesized glucosides were fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy as well as mass spectrometry and used as references for the analysis of naturally contaminated food samples to validate or invalidate their natural occurrence. Generally, 3-O-glucosylation was observed with two anomers of HT2 glucoside being present in contaminated oats. In contrast, only one anomer of T2 glucoside was found. The second aspect of this study addresses the stability of the glucosides during thermal food processing. Oat flour was artificially contaminated with T2 and HT2 glucosides individually and extruded at varying initial moisture content and temperature. All four glucosides appear to be more stable during food extrusion than the parent compounds with the glucosidic bond not being hydrolyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Sören Schmidt
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Mareike Schulz
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christine Focke
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Becker
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Benedikt Cramer
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 45, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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23
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Deng Y, Wang Y, Sun L, Lu P, Wang R, Ye L, Xu D, Ye R, Liu Y, Bi S, Gooneratne R. Biotransformation enzyme activities and phase I metabolites analysis in Litopenaeus vannamei following intramuscular administration of T-2 toxin. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 41:113-122. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2017.1320407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Pengli Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Rundong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lin Ye
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Defeng Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Riying Ye
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Siyuan Bi
- Shenzhen Bioeasy Biotechnologies Co, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Food Research and Innovation, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
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24
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Berthiller F, Brera C, Iha M, Krska R, Lattanzio V, MacDonald S, Malone R, Maragos C, Solfrizzo M, Stranska-Zachariasova M, Stroka J, Tittlemier S. Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2015-2016. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2017. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2016.2138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review summarises developments in the determination of mycotoxins over a period between mid-2015 and mid-2016. Analytical methods to determine aflatoxins, Alternaria toxins, ergot alkaloids, fumonisins, ochratoxins, patulin, trichothecenes and zearalenone are covered in individual sections. Advances in proper sampling strategies are discussed in a dedicated section, as are methods used to analyse botanicals and spices and newly developed liquid chromatography mass spectrometry based multi-mycotoxin methods. This critical review aims to briefly discuss the most important recent developments and trends in mycotoxin determination as well as to address limitations of presented methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Berthiller
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - C. Brera
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety – GMO and Mycotoxins Unit, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - M.H. Iha
- Adolfo Lutz Institute of Ribeirão Preto, Nucleous of Chemistry and Bromatology Science, Rua Minas 866, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14085-410, Brazil
| | - R. Krska
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - V.M.T. Lattanzio
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Via Amendola 122/o, 700126 Bari, Italy
| | - S. MacDonald
- Fera Science Ltd., Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - R.J. Malone
- Trilogy Analytical Laboratory, 870 Vossbrink Dr, Washington, MO 63090, USA
| | - C. Maragos
- USDA-ARS-NCAUR, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, 1815 N. University St, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - M. Solfrizzo
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Via Amendola 122/o, 700126 Bari, Italy
| | - M. Stranska-Zachariasova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - J. Stroka
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Retieseweg, 2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - S.A. Tittlemier
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, 1404-303 Main St, Winnipeg, MB R3C 3G8, Canada
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