1
|
Machado SDCS, Veloso JS, Câmara MPS, Vieira WAS, Jumbo LOV, Aguiar RWS, Cangussu ASR, Giongo MV, Moraes CB, Campos FS, Araújo SHC, Oliveira EE, dos Santos GR. Diversity, Prevalence and Virulence of Colletotrichum Species Causing Anthracnose on Cassava Leaves in the Northern Region of Brazil. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:367. [PMID: 38921354 PMCID: PMC11205099 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a staple crop widely cultivated by small farmers in tropical countries. However, despite the low level of technology required for its management, it can be affected by several diseases, with anthracnose as the main threat. There is little information about the main species of Colletotrichum that infect cassava in Brazil. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the diversity, prevalence and virulence of Colletotrichum species that cause anthracnose in cassava leaves in northern Brazil. Twenty municipalities of the Pará and Tocantins states were selected, and leaves with symptoms were collected in those locations. Pure cultures were isolated in the laboratory. Species were identified using phylogenetic analyses of multiple loci, and their pathogenicity, aggressivity and virulence levels were assessed. Our results showed the greatest diversity of Colletotrichum associated with anthracnose in cassava plants of the "Formosa" cultivar in the Tocantins and Pará states. We determined the presence of Colletotrichum chrysophilum, C. truncatum, C. siamense, C. fructicola, C. plurivorum, C. musicola and C. karsti, with C. chrysophilum as the most aggressive and virulent. Our findings provide accurate identifications of species of Colletotrichum causing anthracnose in cassava crops, which are of great relevance for cassava breeding programs (e.g., the search for genotypes with polygenic resistance since the pathogen is so diverse) and for developing anthracnose management strategies that can work efficiently against species complexes of Colletotrichum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stella de C. S. Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil;
| | - Josiene S. Veloso
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (J.S.V.); (M.P.S.C.)
| | - Marcos P. S. Câmara
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (J.S.V.); (M.P.S.C.)
| | - Willie A. S. Vieira
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil;
| | - Luis O. Viteri Jumbo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Florestais e Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil; (L.O.V.J.); (M.V.G.); (C.B.M.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil; (R.W.S.A.); (A.S.R.C.); (F.S.C.)
| | - Raimundo Wagner S. Aguiar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil; (R.W.S.A.); (A.S.R.C.); (F.S.C.)
| | - Alex Sander R. Cangussu
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil; (R.W.S.A.); (A.S.R.C.); (F.S.C.)
| | - Marcos V. Giongo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Florestais e Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil; (L.O.V.J.); (M.V.G.); (C.B.M.)
| | - Cristiano B. Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Florestais e Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil; (L.O.V.J.); (M.V.G.); (C.B.M.)
| | - Fabricio S. Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil; (R.W.S.A.); (A.S.R.C.); (F.S.C.)
| | - Sabrina H. C. Araújo
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (S.H.C.A.); (E.E.O.)
| | - Eugênio E. Oliveira
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (S.H.C.A.); (E.E.O.)
| | - Gil R. dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Florestais e Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil; (L.O.V.J.); (M.V.G.); (C.B.M.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil; (R.W.S.A.); (A.S.R.C.); (F.S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fu H, Zhao Y, Huang J, Luo Y, Wei Z, Yu B, Wen F. Reduced glutathione and raffinose lengthens postharvest storage of cassava root tubers by improving antioxidant capacity and antibiosis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:475. [PMID: 37807058 PMCID: PMC10561434 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Cassava is an ideal food security crop in marginal and drought environment. However, the post-harvest storage of cassava is urgent problem to be resolved. In this study, the storage tolerant and non-tolerant cassava were screened by measuring the change of Peroxidase (POD), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in seven cultivars of cassava. Compared with other cultivars, the cultivar of SC14 showed the highest level of SOD, MDA and POD respectively at 0 day, 12 day and 9 day postharvest while exhibited lowest level of CAT at 0 day postharvest, indicating the strongest antioxidant capability and storage tolerance. In contrast, GR15231, termed as storage non-tolerance cultivars, showed lowest SOD and POD at 12 day and kept a relative high level of CAT at 12 day post-harvest. In addition, SC14 has higher level of starch and dry substance than GR15231. Mass spectrum was performed for SC14 and GR15231 to explore the key metabolites regulating the storage tolerance of cassava. The results showed that the expression of glutathione (reduced) and raffinose was significantly decreased at 12 day post-harvest both in tolerant SC14 and non-tolerant GR15231. Compared with GR15231, SC14 showed higher level of raffinose both at 0 and 12 day post-harvest, indicating that raffinose may be the potential metabolites protecting SC14 cultivar from deterioration post-harvest. Additionally, raffinose ratio of SC14a/SC14b was five times less than that of GR15231a/GR15231b, reflecting the slower degradation of raffinose in SC14 cultivar compared with GR15231 cultivar. In conclusion, the antioxidant microenvironment induced by reduced glutathione and higher level of raffinose in SC14 cultivar might be the promising metabolites to improve its antioxidant capacity and antibiosis and thus maintained the quality of Cassava root tubers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitian Fu
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, P.R. China
- International Cooperation Base for Science and Technology of Cassava, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanning, 530001, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, P.R. China
- International Cooperation Base for Science and Technology of Cassava, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanning, 530001, P.R. China
| | - Jianqi Huang
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, P.R. China
- International Cooperation Base for Science and Technology of Cassava, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanning, 530001, P.R. China
| | - Yanchun Luo
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, P.R. China
- International Cooperation Base for Science and Technology of Cassava, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanning, 530001, P.R. China
| | - Zusheng Wei
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, P.R. China
- International Cooperation Base for Science and Technology of Cassava, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanning, 530001, P.R. China
| | - Benchi Yu
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, P.R. China
- International Cooperation Base for Science and Technology of Cassava, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanning, 530001, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wen
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, P.R. China.
- International Cooperation Base for Science and Technology of Cassava, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanning, 530001, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Silva JJ, Fungaro MHP, Soto TS, Taniwaki MH, Iamanaka BT. Low-cost, specific PCR assays to identify the main aflatoxigenic species of Aspergillus section Flavi. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 196:106470. [PMID: 35447279 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are fungal metabolites that are present as contaminants in food globally. Most aflatoxigenic species belong to Aspergillus section Flavi, and the main ones are grouped in the A. flavus clade, where many cryptic species that are difficult to discriminate are found. In this study, we investigated inter- and intraspecific diversity of the A. flavus clade to develop low-cost, species-specific PCR assays for identifying aflatoxigenic species. A total of 269 sequences of the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) locus were retrieved from GenBank, and primer pairs were designed using data mining to identify A. flavus, A. parasiticus, and A. novoparasiticus. Species-specific amplicons of approximately 620, 350, and 860 bp enabled identification of target species as A. flavus, A. parasiticus, and A. novoparasiticus, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josué J Silva
- Institute of Food Technology - ITAL, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|