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Hughes MP, Clarke KSP, Hoque R, Griffiths OV, Kruchek EJ, Johnson MP, Tariq MH, Kohli N, Lewis R, Labeed FH. Label-free, non-contact determination of resting membrane potential using dielectrophoresis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18477. [PMID: 39122771 PMCID: PMC11316104 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69000-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Measurement of cellular resting membrane potential (RMP) is important in understanding ion channels and their role in regulation of cell function across a wide range of cell types. However, methods available for the measurement of RMP (including patch clamp, microelectrodes, and potential-sensitive fluorophores) are expensive, slow, open to operator bias, and often result in cell destruction. We present non-contact, label-free membrane potential estimation which uses dielectrophoresis to determine the cytoplasm conductivity slope as a function of medium conductivity. By comparing this to patch clamp data available in the literature, we have demonstratet the accuracy of this approach using seven different cell types, including primary suspension cells (red blood cells, platelets), cultured suspension cells (THP-1), primary adherent cells (chondrocytes, human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells), and adherent (HeLa) and suspension (Jurkat) cancer cell lines. Analysis of the effect of ion channel inhibitors suggests the effects of pharmaceutical agents (TEA on HeLa; DMSO and neuraminidase on red blood cells) can also be measured. Comparison with published values of membrane potential suggest that the differences between our estimates and values recorded by patch clamp are accurate to within published margins of error. The method is low-cost, non-destructive, operator-independent and label-free, and has previously been shown to allow cells to be recovered after measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pycraft Hughes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Krista S P Clarke
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Rashedul Hoque
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Oreoluwa V Griffiths
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Emily J Kruchek
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Matthew P Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Muhammad Hamza Tariq
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Nupur Kohli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Rebecca Lewis
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Fatima H Labeed
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE.
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2
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Sudnitsyna J, Ruzhnikova TO, Panteleev MA, Kharazova A, Gambaryan S, Mindukshev IV. Chloride Gradient Is Involved in Ammonium Influx in Human Erythrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7390. [PMID: 39000500 PMCID: PMC11242273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The ammonia/ammonium (NH3/NH4+, AM) concentration in human erythrocytes (RBCs) is significantly higher than in plasma. Two main possible mechanisms for AM transport, including simple and facilitated diffusion, are described; however, the driving force for AM transport is not yet fully characterized. Since the erythroid ammonium channel RhAG forms a structural unit with anion exchanger 1 (eAE1) within the ankyrin core complex, we hypothesized the involvement of eAE1 in AM transport. To evaluate the functional interaction between eAE1 and RhAG, we used a unique feature of RBCs to swell and lyse in isotonic NH4+ buffer. The kinetics of cell swelling and lysis were analyzed by flow cytometry and an original laser diffraction method, adapted for accurate volume sensing. The eAE1 role was revealed according to (i) the changes in cell swelling and lysis kinetics, and (ii) changes in intracellular pH, triggered by eAE1 inhibition or the modulation of eAE1 main ligand concentrations (Cl- and HCO3-). Additionally, the AM import kinetics was analyzed enzymatically and colorimetrically. In NH4+ buffer, RBCs concentration-dependently swelled and lysed when [NH4+] exceeded 100 mM. Cell swelling and hemolysis were tightly regulated by chloride concentration. The complete substitution of chloride with glutamate prevented NH4+-induced cell swelling and hemolysis, and the restoration of [Cl-] dose-dependently amplified the rates of RBC swelling and lysis and the percentage of hemolyzed cells. Similarly, eAE1 inhibition impeded cell swelling and completely prevented hemolysis. Accordingly, eAE1 inhibition, or a lack of chloride anions in the buffer, significantly decreased NH4+ import. Our data indicate that the eAE1-mediated chloride gradient is required for AM transport. Taken together, our data reveal a new player in AM transport in RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sudnitsyna
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 30 Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya St., 109029 Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez Ave., 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tamara O Ruzhnikova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez Ave., 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Panteleev
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 30 Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya St., 109029 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra Kharazova
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stepan Gambaryan
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez Ave., 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor V Mindukshev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez Ave., 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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3
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Skarlovnik T, Lamut A, Hostnik G, Gole B, Bren U. Osmolality and Tonicity of Isotonic Beverages. Foods 2024; 13:1483. [PMID: 38790783 PMCID: PMC11120308 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to measure and compare the osmolality and tonicity of isotonic beverages that can be bought on the Slovenian market. The main goal was to examine how good is the agreement between the measured osmolalities of the beverages and the requirements for isotonic beverages set up by EFSA. Osmolalities were measured with an osmometer using the freezing point depression method. Afterwards, two complementary methods for the observation of tonicity were developed. Erythrocytes were exposed to standard NaCl solutions of different osmolalities to observe their influence on the volume and shape of cells following the turbidity of the solution and the morphology of erythrocytes. These two methods enabled us to determine whether standard solutions were hypo-, iso-, or hypertonic. In this way, we found that the osmolality of 12 out of the 18 investigated isotonic beverages was in the range of 270-330 mOsm/kg, as required by EFSA. However, six samples did not meet this criterion and should therefore not have the label "isotonic" or be described as such. The measurements of turbidity of solutions indicated that most isotonic beverages exhibit a lower tonicity than standard NaCl solutions of identical osmolality. However, examination of the erythrocytes in isotonic beverages showed that the measurements were additionally complicated by the low pH values of these beverages. Finally, by demonstrating how different components of isotonic beverages pass through the erythrocyte membranes, we found that even isoosmolal beverages are often not isotonic, as the concentration of actively transported sugars in these beverages is relatively high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjaša Skarlovnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.S.); (G.H.)
| | - Andraž Lamut
- Meditop d.o.o., Ulica Vita Kraigherja 5, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Sensors, d.o.o., Beloruska ulica 7, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Hostnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.S.); (G.H.)
| | - Boris Gole
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Urban Bren
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.S.); (G.H.)
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Sensors, d.o.o., Beloruska ulica 7, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
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4
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Chen C, Li H, Zhang J, Cheng SC. Exploring the limitations of mitochondrial dye as a genuine horizontal mitochondrial transfer surrogate. Commun Biol 2024; 7:281. [PMID: 38448655 PMCID: PMC10917768 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05964-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Rosamine-based mitochondrial dyes, such as Mitotracker Red, have commonly been employed to visualize mitochondrial localization within cells due to their preferential accumulation in organelles with membrane potential. Consequently, Mitotracker Red has often served as a surrogate indicator for tracking mitochondrial movement between neighboring cells. However, it is important to note that the presence of membrane potential in the cell membrane and other organelles may lead to the non-specific partial enrichment of Mitotracker Red in locations other than mitochondria. This study comprehensively investigates the reliability of mitochondrial dye as a marker for studying horizontal mitochondrial transfer (HMT). By meticulous replicating of previous experiments and comparing the efficiency of mitochondrial dye transfer with that of mito-targeted GFP, our findings confirm that HMT occurs at significantly lower efficiency than previously indicated by Mitotracker dye. Subsequent experiments involving mitochondria-deficient cells robustly demonstrates the non-specificity of mitochondrial dye as indicator for mitochondria. We advocate for a thorough reevaluation of existing literature in this field and propose exploration of alternative techniques to enhance the investigation of HMT. By addressing these pivotal aspects, we can advance our understanding of cellular dynamics and pave the way for future explorations in this captivating field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University; Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.
| | - Haige Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University; Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University; Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Shih-Chin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University; Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, The National Key Clinical Specialty, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361004, China.
- Department of Digestive Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361004, China.
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5
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Tacail T, Lewis J, Clauss M, Coath CD, Evershed R, Albalat E, Elliott TR, Tütken T. Diet, cellular, and systemic homeostasis control the cycling of potassium stable isotopes in endothermic vertebrates. Metallomics 2023; 15:mfad065. [PMID: 37858308 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The naturally occurring stable isotopes of potassium (41K/39K, expressed as δ41K) have the potential to make significant contributions to vertebrate and human biology. The utility of K stable isotopes is, however, conditioned by the understanding of the dietary and biological factors controlling natural variability of δ41K. This paper reports a systematic study of K isotopes in extant terrestrial endothermic vertebrates. δ41K has been measured in 158 samples of tissues, biofluids, and excreta from 40 individuals of four vertebrate species (rat, guinea pig, pig and quail) reared in two controlled feeding experiments. We show that biological processing of K by endothermic vertebrates produces remarkable intra-organism δ41K variations of ca. 1.6‰. Dietary δ41K is the primary control of interindividual variability and δ41K of bodily K is +0.5-0.6‰ higher than diet. Such a trophic isotope effect is expected to propagate throughout trophic chains, opening promising use for reconstructing dietary behaviors in vertebrate ecosystems. In individuals, cellular δ41K is related to the intensity of K cycling and effectors of K homeostasis, including plasma membrane permeability and electrical potential. Renal and intestinal transepithelial transports also control fractionation of K isotopes. Using a box-modeling approach, we establish a first model of K isotope homeostasis. We predict a strong sensitivity of δ41K to variations of intracellular and renal K cycling in normal and pathological contexts. Thus, K isotopes constitute a promising tool for the study of K dyshomeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tacail
- Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, J.-J.-Becher-Weg 21, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J Lewis
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C D Coath
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R Evershed
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, UK
| | - E Albalat
- ENS de LYON, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon1, LGL-TPE, CNRS UMR 5276, Lyon, France
| | - T R Elliott
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - T Tütken
- Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, J.-J.-Becher-Weg 21, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
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6
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Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Zarur M, Seijo-Rabina A, Blanco-Fernandez B, Rodríguez-Moldes I, Concheiro A. Physical stimuli-emitting scaffolds: The role of piezoelectricity in tissue regeneration. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100740. [PMID: 37521523 PMCID: PMC10374602 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The imbalance between life expectancy and quality of life is increasing due to the raising prevalence of chronic diseases. Musculoskeletal disorders and chronic wounds affect a growing percentage of people and demand more efficient tools for regenerative medicine. Scaffolds that can better mimic the natural physical stimuli that tissues receive under healthy conditions and during healing may significantly aid the regeneration process. Shape, mechanical properties, pore size and interconnectivity have already been demonstrated to be relevant scaffold features that can determine cell adhesion and differentiation. Much less attention has been paid to scaffolds that can deliver more dynamic physical stimuli, such as electrical signals. Recent developments in the precise measurement of electrical fields in vivo have revealed their key role in cell movement (galvanotaxis), growth, activation of secondary cascades, and differentiation to different lineages in a variety of tissues, not just neural. Piezoelectric scaffolds can mimic the natural bioelectric potentials and gradients in an autonomous way by generating the electric stimuli themselves when subjected to mechanical loads or, if the patient or the tissue lacks mobility, ultrasound irradiation. This review provides an analysis on endogenous bioelectrical signals, recent developments on piezoelectric scaffolds for bone, cartilage, tendon and nerve regeneration, and their main outcomes in vivo. Wound healing with piezoelectric dressings is addressed in the last section with relevant examples of performance in animal models. Results evidence that a fine adjustment of material composition and processing (electrospinning, corona poling, 3D printing, annealing) provides scaffolds that act as true emitters of electrical stimuli that activate endogenous signaling pathways for more efficient and long-term tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mariana Zarur
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alejandro Seijo-Rabina
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Barbara Blanco-Fernandez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Isabel Rodríguez-Moldes
- Grupo NEURODEVO, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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7
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Livshits L, Peretz S, Bogdanova A, Zoabi H, Eitam H, Barshtein G, Galindo C, Feldman Y, Pajić-Lijaković I, Koren A, Gassmann M, Levin C. The Impact of Ca 2+ on Intracellular Distribution of Hemoglobin in Human Erythrocytes. Cells 2023; 12:2280. [PMID: 37759502 PMCID: PMC10526966 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The membrane-bound hemoglobin (Hb) fraction impacts red blood cell (RBC) rheology and metabolism. Therefore, Hb-RBC membrane interactions are precisely controlled. For instance, the signaling function of membrane-bound deoxy-Hb and the structure of the docking sites in the cytosolic domain of the anion exchanger 1 (AE-1) protein are well documented; however, much less is known about the interaction of Hb variants with the erythrocyte's membrane. Here, we identified factors other than O2 availability that control Hb abundance in the membrane-bound fraction and the possible variant-specific binding selectivity of Hb to the membrane. We show that depletion of extracellular Ca2+ by chelators, or its omission from the extracellular medium, leads to membrane-bound Hb release into the cytosol. The removal of extracellular Ca2+ further triggers the redistribution of HbA0 and HbA2 variants between the membrane and the cytosol in favor of membrane-bound HbA2. Both effects are reversible and are no longer observed upon reintroduction of Ca2+ into the extracellular medium. Fluctuations of cytosolic Ca2+ also impact the pre-membrane Hb pool, resulting in the massive transfer of Hb to the cellular cytosol. We hypothesize that AE-1 is the specific membrane target and discuss the physiological outcomes and possible clinical implications of the Ca2+ regulation of the intracellular Hb distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Livshits
- Red Blood Cell Research Group, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; (A.B.); (M.G.)
- Pediatric Hematology Unit, Emek Medical Center, Afula 1834111, Israel; (S.P.); (A.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Sari Peretz
- Pediatric Hematology Unit, Emek Medical Center, Afula 1834111, Israel; (S.P.); (A.K.); (C.L.)
- Laboratory Division Unit, Emek Medical Center, Afula 1834111, Israel; (H.Z.); (H.E.)
- The Bruce and Ruth Rapaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Anna Bogdanova
- Red Blood Cell Research Group, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; (A.B.); (M.G.)
- The Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hiba Zoabi
- Laboratory Division Unit, Emek Medical Center, Afula 1834111, Israel; (H.Z.); (H.E.)
| | - Harel Eitam
- Laboratory Division Unit, Emek Medical Center, Afula 1834111, Israel; (H.Z.); (H.E.)
| | - Gregory Barshtein
- Biochemistry Department, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
| | - Cindy Galindo
- Institute of Applied Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel; (C.G.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yuri Feldman
- Institute of Applied Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel; (C.G.); (Y.F.)
| | | | - Ariel Koren
- Pediatric Hematology Unit, Emek Medical Center, Afula 1834111, Israel; (S.P.); (A.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Max Gassmann
- Red Blood Cell Research Group, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; (A.B.); (M.G.)
- The Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Carina Levin
- Pediatric Hematology Unit, Emek Medical Center, Afula 1834111, Israel; (S.P.); (A.K.); (C.L.)
- The Bruce and Ruth Rapaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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8
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Abstract
The biophysical response of the human body to electric current is widely appreciated as a barometer of fluid distribution and cell function. From distinct raw bioelectrical impedance (BIA) variables assessed in the field of body composition, phase angle (PhA) has been repeatedly indicated as a functional marker of the cell's health and mass. Although resistance training (RT) programs have demonstrated to be effective to improve PhA, with varying degrees of change depending on other raw BIA variables, there is still limited research explaining the biological mechanisms behind these changes. Here, we aim to provide the rationale for the responsiveness of PhA determinants to RT, as well as to summarize all available evidence addressing the effect of varied RT programs on PhA of different age groups. Available data led us to conclude that RT modulates the cell volume by increasing the levels of intracellular glycogen and water, thus triggering structural and functional changes in different cell organelles. These alterations lead, respectively, to shifts in the resistive path of the electric current (resistance, R) and capacitive properties of the human body (reactance, Xc), which ultimately impact PhA, considering that it is the angular transformation of the ratio between Xc and R. Evidence drawn from experimental research suggests that RT is highly effective for enhancing PhA, especially when adopting high-intensity, volume, and duration RT programs combining other types of exercise. Still, additional research exploring the effects of RT on whole-body and regional BIA variables of alternative population groups is recommended for further knowledge development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, CIPER, Universidade de Lisboa, , Cruz Quebrada, Portugal.
| | - Gil B Rosa
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, CIPER, Universidade de Lisboa, , Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
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9
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Funk RHW, Scholkmann F. The significance of bioelectricity on all levels of organization of an organism. Part 1: From the subcellular level to cells. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 177:185-201. [PMID: 36481271 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bioelectricity plays an essential role in the structural and functional organization of biological organisms. In this first article of our three-part series, we summarize the importance of bioelectricity for the basic structural level of biological organization, i.e. from the subcellular level (charges, ion channels, molecules and cell organelles) to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H W Funk
- Institute of Anatomy, Center for Theoretical Medicine, TU-Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany; Dresden International University, 01067, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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10
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Yurinskaya VE, Moshkov AV, Marakhova II, Vereninov AA. Unidirectional fluxes of monovalent ions in human erythrocytes compared with lymphoid U937 cells: Transient processes after stopping the sodium pump and in response to osmotic challenge. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285185. [PMID: 37141334 PMCID: PMC10159352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have developed software that allows, using a minimum of required experimental data, to find the characteristics of ion homeostasis and a list of all unidirectional fluxes of monovalent ions through the main pathways in the cell membrane both in a balanced state and during the transient processes. Our approach has been successfully validated in human proliferating lymphoid U937 cells during transient processes after stopping the Na/K pump by ouabain and for staurosporine-induced apoptosis. In present study, we used this approach to find the characteristics of ion homeostasis and the monovalent ion fluxes through the cell membrane of human erythrocytes in a resting state and during the transient processes after stopping the Na/K pump with ouabain and in response to osmotic challenge. Due to their physiological significance, erythrocytes remain the object of numerous studies, both experimental and computational methods. Calculations showed that, under physiological conditions, the K+ fluxes through electrodiffusion channels in the entire erythrocyte ion balance is small compared to the fluxes through the Na/K pump and cation-chloride cotransporters. The proposed computer program well predicts the dynamics of the erythrocyte ion balance disorders after stopping the Na/K pump with ouabain. In full accordance with predictions, transient processes in human erythrocytes are much slower than in proliferating cells such as lymphoid U937 cells. Comparison of real changes in the distribution of monovalent ions under osmotic challenge with the calculated ones indicates a change in the parameters of the ion transport pathways through the plasma membrane of erythrocytes in this case. The proposed approach may be useful in studying the mechanisms of various erythrocyte dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexey V Moshkov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina I Marakhova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey A Vereninov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St-Petersburg, Russia
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Jennings ML. Cell Physiology and Molecular Mechanism of Anion Transport by Erythrocyte Band 3/AE1. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C1028-C1059. [PMID: 34669510 PMCID: PMC8714990 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00275.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The major transmembrane protein of the red blood cell, known as band 3, AE1, and SLC4A1, has two main functions: 1) catalysis of Cl-/HCO3- exchange, one of the steps in CO2 excretion; 2) anchoring the membrane skeleton. This review summarizes the 150 year history of research on red cell anion transport and band 3 as an experimental system for studying membrane protein structure and ion transport mechanisms. Important early findings were that red cell Cl- transport is a tightly coupled 1:1 exchange and band 3 is labeled by stilbenesulfonate derivatives that inhibit anion transport. Biochemical studies showed that the protein is dimeric or tetrameric (paired dimers) and that there is one stilbenedisulfonate binding site per subunit of the dimer. Transport kinetics and inhibitor characteristics supported the idea that the transporter acts by an alternating access mechanism with intrinsic asymmetry. The sequence of band 3 cDNA provided a framework for detailed study of protein topology and amino acid residues important for transport. The identification of genetic variants produced insights into the roles of band 3 in red cell abnormalities and distal renal tubular acidosis. The publication of the membrane domain crystal structure made it possible to propose concrete molecular models of transport. Future research directions include improving our understanding of the transport mechanism at the molecular level and of the integrative relationships among band 3, hemoglobin, carbonic anhydrase, and gradients (both transmembrane and subcellular) of HCO3-, Cl-, O2, CO2, pH, and NO metabolites during pulmonary and systemic capillary gas exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Jennings
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
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Praetorius H. The bacteria and the host: a story of purinergic signaling in urinary tract infections. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C134-C146. [PMID: 33979212 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00054.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The local environment forces a selection of bacteria that might invade the urinary tract, allowing only the most virulent to access the kidney. Quite similar to the diet in setting the stage for the gut microbiome, renal function determines the conditions for bacteria-host interaction in the urinary tract. In the kidney, the term local environment or microenvironment is completely justified because the environment literally changes within a few micrometers. The precise composition of the urine is a function of the epithelium lining the microdomain, and the microenvironment in the kidney shows more variation in the content of nutrients, ion composition, osmolality, and pH than any other site of bacteria-host interaction. This review will cover some of the aspects of bacterial-host interaction in this unique setting and how uropathogenic bacteria can alter the condition for bacteria-host interaction. There will be a particular focus on the recent findings regarding how bacteria specifically trigger host paracrine signaling, via release of extracellular ATP and activation of P2 purinergic receptors. These finding will be discussed from the perspective of severe urinary tract infections, including pyelonephritis and urosepsis.
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Unintended Changes of Ion-Selective Membranes Composition-Origin and Effect on Analytical Performance. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10100266. [PMID: 32998393 PMCID: PMC7601616 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10100266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ion-selective membranes, as used in potentiometric sensors, are mixtures of a few important constituents in a carefully balanced proportion. The changes of composition of the ion-selective membrane, both qualitative and quantitative, affect the analytical performance of sensors. Different constructions and materials applied to improve sensors result in specific conditions of membrane formation, in consequence, potentially can result in uncontrolled modification of the membrane composition. Clearly, these effects need to be considered, especially if preparation of miniaturized, potentially disposable internal-solution free sensors is considered. Furthermore, membrane composition changes can occur during the normal operation of sensors—accumulation of species as well as release need to be taken into account, regardless of the construction of sensors used. Issues related to spontaneous changes of membrane composition that can occur during sensor construction, pre-treatment and their operation, seem to be underestimated in the subject literature. The aim of this work is to summarize available data related to potentiometric sensors and highlight the effects that can potentially be important also for other sensors using ion-selective membranes, e.g., optodes or voltammetric sensors.
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Kuck L, Peart JN, Simmonds MJ. Active modulation of human erythrocyte mechanics. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C250-C257. [PMID: 32579474 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00210.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The classic view of the red blood cell (RBC) presents a biologically inert cell that upon maturation has limited capacity to alter its physical properties. This view developed largely because of the absence of translational machinery and inability to synthesize or repair proteins in circulating RBC. Recent developments have challenged this perspective, in light of observations supporting the importance of posttranslational modifications and greater understanding of ion movement in these cells, that each regulate a myriad of cellular properties. There is thus now sufficient evidence to induce a step change in understanding of RBC: rather than passively responding to the surrounding environment, these cells have the capacity to actively regulate their physical properties and thus alter flow behavior of blood. Specific evidence supports that the physical and rheological properties of RBC are subject to active modulation, primarily by the second-messenger molecules nitric oxide (NO) and calcium-ions (Ca2+). Furthermore, an isoform of nitric oxide synthase is expressed in RBC (RBC-NOS), which has been recently demonstrated to have an active role in regulating the physical properties of RBC. Mechanical stimulation of the cell membrane activates RBC-NOS, leading to NO generation, which has several intracellular effects, including the S-nitrosylation of integral membrane components. Intracellular concentration of Ca2+ is increased upon mechanical stimulation via the recently identified mechanosensitive cation channel piezo1. Increased intracellular Ca2+ modifies the physical properties of RBC by regulating cell volume and potentially altering several important intracellular proteins. A synthesis of recent advances in understanding of molecular processes within RBC thus challenges the classic view of these cells and rather indicates a highly active cell with self-regulated mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Kuck
- Biorheology Research Laboratory, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael J Simmonds
- Biorheology Research Laboratory, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, Australia
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2019-A year in Biophysical Reviews. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:833-839. [PMID: 31741173 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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