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Zhang Q, Halle JL, Counts BR, Pi M, Carson JA. mTORC1 and BMP-Smad1/5 regulation of serum-stimulated myotube hypertrophy: a role for autophagy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 327:C124-C139. [PMID: 38766767 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00237.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Protein synthesis regulation is critical for skeletal muscle hypertrophy, yet other established cellular processes are necessary for growth-related cellular remodeling. Autophagy has a well-acknowledged role in muscle quality control, but evidence for its role in myofiber hypertrophy remains equivocal. Both mammalian target of rapamycin complex I (mTORC1) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-Smad1/5 (Sma and Mad proteins from Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila, respectively) signaling are reported regulators of myofiber hypertrophy; however, gaps remain in our understanding of how this regulation is integrated with growth processes and autophagy regulation. Therefore, we investigated the mTORC1 and Smad1/5 regulation of protein synthesis and autophagy flux during serum-stimulated myotube growth. Chronic serum stimulation experiments were performed on day 5 differentiated C2C12 myotubes incubated in differentiation medium [2% horse serum (HS)] or growth medium [5% fetal bovine serum (FBS)] for 48 h. Rapamycin or LDN193189 was dosed for 48 h to inhibit mTORC1 and BMP-Smad1/5 signaling, respectively. Acute serum stimulation was examined in day 7 differentiated myotubes. Protein synthesis was measured by puromycin incorporation. Bafilomycin A1 and immunoblotting for LC3B were used to assess autophagy flux. Chronic serum stimulation increased myotube diameter 22%, total protein 21%, total RNA 100%, and Smad1/5 phosphorylation 404% and suppressed autophagy flux. Rapamycin, but not LDN193189, blocked serum-induced myotube hypertrophy and the increase in total RNA. Acute serum stimulation increased protein synthesis 111%, Smad1/5 phosphorylation 559%, and rpS6 phosphorylation 117% and suppressed autophagy flux. Rapamycin increased autophagy flux during acute serum stimulation. These results provide evidence for mTORC1, but not BMP-Smad1/5, signaling being required for serum-induced myotube hypertrophy and autophagy flux by measuring LC3BII/I expression. Further investigation is warranted to examine the role of autophagy flux in myotube hypertrophy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study demonstrates that myotube hypertrophy caused by chronic serum stimulation requires mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling but not bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-Smad1/5 signaling. The suppression of autophagy flux was associated with serum-induced myotube hypertrophy and mTORC1 regulation of autophagy flux by measuring LC3BII/I expression. Rapamycin is widely investigated for beneficial effects in aging skeletal muscle and sarcopenia; our results provide evidence that rapamycin can regulate autophagy-related signaling during myotube growth, which could benefit skeletal muscle functional and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health ProfessionsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jessica L Halle
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health ProfessionsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Brittany R Counts
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health ProfessionsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Min Pi
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - James A Carson
- Huffines Institute for Sports Medicine & Human Performance, Department of Kinesiology & Sports Management , Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States
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2
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Liu SY, Chen LK, Jhong YT, Chen CW, Hsiao LE, Ku HC, Lee PH, Hwang GS, Juan CC. Endothelin-1 impairs skeletal muscle myogenesis and development via ETB receptors and p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:711-723. [PMID: 38804865 DOI: 10.1042/cs20240341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Myopenia is a condition marked by progressive decline of muscle mass and strength and is associated with aging or obesity. It poses the risk of falling, with potential bone fractures, thereby also increasing the burden on family and society. Skeletal muscle wasting is characterized by a reduced number of myoblasts, impaired muscle regeneration and increased muscle atrophy markers (Atrogin-1, MuRF-1). Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide. Increased circulating levels of ET-1 is noted with aging and is associated with muscular fibrosis and decline of strength. However, the regulatory mechanism controlling its effect on myogenesis and atrophy remains unknown. In the present study, the effects of ET-1 on myoblast proliferation, differentiation and development were investigated in C2C12 cells and in ET-1-infused mice. The results show that ET-1, acting via ETB receptors, reduced insulin-stimulated cell proliferation, and also reduced MyoD, MyoG and MyHC expression in the differentiation processes of C2C12 myoblasts. ET-1 inhibited myoblast differentiation through ETB receptors and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent pathway. Additionally, ET-1 decreased MyHC expression in differentiated myotubes. Inhibition of proteasome activity by MG132 ameliorated the ET-1-stimulated protein degradation in differentiated C2C12 myotubes. Furthermore, chronic ET-1 infusion caused skeletal muscle atrophy and impaired exercise performance in mice. In conclusion, ET-1 inhibits insulin-induced cell proliferation, impairs myogenesis and induces muscle atrophy via ETB receptors and the p38 MAPK-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Yu Liu
- Institutes of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Luei-Kui Chen
- Institutes of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Jhong
- Institutes of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Chen
- Department of Physical Education, Health, and Recreation, Teachers College, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 621302, Taiwan
| | - Li-En Hsiao
- Institutes of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Chi Ku
- Institutes of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Hsuan Lee
- Institutes of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Shyang Hwang
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Juan
- Institutes of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
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Yadav A, Dabur R. Skeletal muscle atrophy after sciatic nerve damage: Mechanistic insights. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 970:176506. [PMID: 38492879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Sciatic nerve injury leads to molecular events that cause muscular dysfunction advancement in atrophic conditions. Nerve damage renders muscles permanently relaxed which elevates intracellular resting Ca2+ levels. Increased Ca2+ levels are associated with several cellular signaling pathways including AMPK, cGMP, PLC-β, CERB, and calcineurin. Also, multiple enzymes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation are activated by Ca2+ influx into mitochondria during muscle contraction, to meet increased ATP demand. Nerve damage induces mitophagy and skeletal muscle atrophy through increased sensitivity to Ca2+-induced opening of the permeability transition pore (PTP) in mitochondria attributed to Ca2+, ROS, and AMPK overload in muscle. Activated AMPK interacts negatively with Akt/mTOR is a highly prevalent and well-described central pathway for anabolic processes. Over the decade several reports indicate abnormal behavior of signaling machinery involved in denervation-induced muscle loss but end up with some controversial outcomes. Therefore, understanding how the synthesis and inhibitory stimuli interact with cellular signaling to control muscle mass and morphology may lead to new pharmacological insights toward understanding the underlying mechanism of muscle loss after sciatic nerve damage. Hence, the present review summarizes the existing literature on denervation-induced muscle atrophy to evaluate the regulation and expression of differential regulators during sciatic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Yadav
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Rajesh Dabur
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India.
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Chen R, Zheng Y, Zhou C, Dai H, Wang Y, Chu Y, Luo J. N-Acetylcysteine Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Muscle Atrophy by Downregulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Biomedicines 2024; 12:902. [PMID: 38672256 PMCID: PMC11048408 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Sepsis-induced muscle atrophy is characterized by a loss of muscle mass and function which leads to decreased quality of life and worsens the long-term prognosis of patients. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and it relieves muscle wasting caused by several diseases, whereas its effect on sepsis-induced muscle atrophy has not been reported. The present study investigated the effect of NAC on sepsis-induced muscle atrophy and its possible mechanisms. (2) Methods: The effect of NAC on sepsis-induced muscle atrophy was assessed in vivo and in vitro using cecal ligation and puncture-operated (CLP) C57BL/6 mice and LPS-treated C2C12 myotubes. We used immunofluorescence staining to analyze changes in the cross-sectional area (CSA) of myofibers in mice and the myotube diameter of C2C12. Protein expressions were analyzed by Western blotting. (3) Results: In the septic mice, the atrophic response manifested as a reduction in skeletal muscle weight and myofiber cross-sectional area, which is mediated by muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases-muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx)/Atrogin-1 and muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF1). NAC alleviated sepsis-induced skeletal muscle wasting and LPS-induced C2C12 myotube atrophy. Meanwhile, NAC inhibited the sepsis-induced activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling pathway. Furthermore, using 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) to inhibit ER stress in LPS-treated C2C12 myotubes could partly abrogate the anti-muscle-atrophy effect of NAC. Finally, NAC alleviated myotube atrophy induced by the ER stress agonist Thapsigargin (Thap). (4) Conclusions: NAC can attenuate sepsis-induced muscle atrophy, which may be related to downregulating ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyu Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (R.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (H.D.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yingfang Zheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (R.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (H.D.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (R.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (H.D.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hongkai Dai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (R.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (H.D.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yurou Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (R.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (H.D.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yun Chu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (R.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (H.D.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jinlong Luo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (R.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (H.D.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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5
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Jun L, Ding XW, Robinson M, Jafari H, Knight E, Geetha T, Greene MW, Babu JR. Targeting Molecular Mechanisms of Obesity- and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy with Nerve Growth Factor. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4307. [PMID: 38673892 PMCID: PMC11050157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a critical role in metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Muscle atrophy, characterized by a decrease in muscle mass and function, occurs due to an imbalance between the rates of muscle protein synthesis and degradation. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms that lead to muscle atrophy in obese and T2DM mouse models. Additionally, the effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on the protein synthesis and degradation pathways was examined. Male mice were divided into three groups: a control group that was fed a standard chow diet, and two experimental groups that were fed a Western diet. After 8 weeks, the diabetic group was injected with streptozotocin to induce T2DM. Each group was then further divided into NGF-treated or non-treated control group. In the gastrocnemius muscles of the Western diet group, increased expressions of myostatin, autophagy markers, and ubiquitin ligases were observed. Skeletal muscle tissue morphology indicated signs of muscle atrophy in both obese and diabetic mice. The NGF-treated group showed a prominent decrease in the protein levels of myostatin and autophagy markers. Furthermore, the NGF-treated group showed an increased Cyclin D1 level. Western diet-induced obesity and T2DM may be linked to muscle atrophy through upregulation of myostatin and subsequent increase in the ubiquitin and autophagy systems. Moreover, NGF treatment may improve muscle protein synthesis and cell cycling.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Male
- Mice
- Autophagy/drug effects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diet, Western
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscular Atrophy/metabolism
- Muscular Atrophy/etiology
- Muscular Atrophy/pathology
- Myostatin/metabolism
- Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Jun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Xiao-Wen Ding
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Megan Robinson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Hassan Jafari
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Emily Knight
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Michael W. Greene
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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6
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Men X, Han X, Lee SJ, Oh G, Im JH, Bae KS, Seong GS, La IJ, Lee DS, Choi SI, Lee OH. Ginsenosides Rh1, Rg2, and Rg3 ameliorate dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotubes. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:1233-1243. [PMID: 38440685 PMCID: PMC10909033 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01407-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
High doses or prolonged use of the exogenous synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex) can lead to muscle atrophy. In this study, the anti-atrophic effects of ginsenosides Rh1, Rg2, and Rg3 on Dex-induced C2C12 myotube atrophy were assessed by XTT, myotube diameter, fusion index, and western blot analysis. The XTT assay results showed that treatment with Rh1, Rg2, and Rg3 enhanced cell viability in Dex-injured C2C12 myotubes. Compared with the control group, the myotube diameter and fusion index were both reduced in Dex-treated cells, but treatment with Rh1, Rg2, and Rg3 increased these parameters. Furthermore, Rh1, Rg2, and Rg3 significantly downregulated the protein expression of FoxO3a, MuRF1, and Fbx32, while also upregulating mitochondrial biogenesis through the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway. It also prevents myotube atrophy by regulating the IGF-1/Akt/ mTOR signaling pathway. These findings indicate that Rh1, Rg2, and Rg3 have great potential as useful agents for the prevention and treatment of muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Men
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Xionggao Han
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Jeong Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Oh
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Im
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Sun-Il Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
- Agricultural and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
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7
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Ren P, Yue H, Tang Q, Wang Y, Xue C. Astaxanthin slows down skeletal muscle atrophy in H22 tumor-bearing mice during sorafenib treatment by modulating the gut microbiota. Food Funct 2024; 15:543-558. [PMID: 38116809 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04633h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a carotenoid that is taken orally and has antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties. Our previous research demonstrated that astaxanthin alleviated skeletal muscle atrophy during sorafenib treatment in H22 tumor-bearing mice and altered the intestinal flora composition. However, the relationship between astaxanthin's amelioration of skeletal muscle atrophy in tumor-bearing mice and its ability to regulate intestinal flora is not clear. We used broad-spectrum antibiotics to create pseudo-sterile tumor-bearing mice, which we then used in fecal bacteria transplantation experiments. Our results indicate that the role of astaxanthin in ameliorating skeletal muscle atrophy during molecularly targeted therapy in mice with tumors is dependent on the intestinal flora. Astaxanthin substantially promoted the proliferation of Blautia, Parabacteroides, and Roseburia, altered the levels of metabolites in mouse serum, and primarily affected the amino acid metabolism of mice. Astaxanthin ameliorated skeletal muscle atrophy by promoting the activation of AKT/FOXO3a, which inhibited the expression of ubiquitination-degrading Fbx32 and MuRF1 and promoted myogenesis in skeletal muscle. Our study confirms that the intestinal flora is an important target for astaxanthin to combat skeletal muscle atrophy. Our research supports the use of astaxanthin as a nutritional supplement and intestinal microecological regulator for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of, China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Han Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of, China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Qingjuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of, China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Yuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of, China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Changhu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of, China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
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8
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Hwangbo H, Kim MY, Ji SY, Kim DH, Park BS, Jeong SU, Yoon JH, Kim TH, Kim GY, Choi YH. A Mixture of Morus alba and Angelica keiskei Leaf Extracts Improves Muscle Atrophy by Activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway and Inhibiting FoxO3a In Vitro and In Vivo. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1635-1647. [PMID: 37674382 PMCID: PMC10772550 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2306.06012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Muscle atrophy, which is defined as a decrease in muscle mass and strength, is caused by an imbalance between the anabolism and catabolism of muscle proteins. Thus, modulating the homeostasis between muscle protein synthesis and degradation represents an efficient treatment approach for this condition. In the present study, the protective effects against muscle atrophy of ethanol extracts of Morus alba L. (MA) and Angelica keiskei Koidz. (AK) leaves and their mixtures (MIX) were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that MIX increased 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide-induced C2C12 myotube thinning, and enhanced soleus and gastrocnemius muscle thickness compared to each extract alone in dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy Sprague Dawley rats. In addition, although MA and AK substantially improved grip strength and histological changes for dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in vivo, the efficacy was superior in the MIX-treated group. Moreover, MIX further increased the expression levels of myogenic factors (MyoD and myogenin) and decreased the expression levels of E3 ubiquitin ligases (atrogin-1 and muscle-specific RING finger protein-1) in vitro and in vivo compared to the MA- and AK-alone treatment groups. Furthermore, MIX increased the levels of phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) that were reduced by dexamethasone, and downregulated the expression of forkhead box O3 (FoxO3a) induced by dexamethasone. These results suggest that MIX has a protective effect against muscle atrophy by enhancing muscle protein anabolism through the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and attenuating catabolism through the inhibition of FoxO3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Hwangbo
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Yeong Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Yeong Ji
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hye Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Su Park
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Un Jeong
- Hamsoa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Iksan 54524, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Yoon
- Hamsoa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Iksan 54524, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hee Kim
- Hamsoa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Iksan 54524, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
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9
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Cen H, Fan P, Ding Y, Luo B, Luo H, Chen M, Zhang Y. iPSCs ameliorate hypoxia-induced autophagy and atrophy in C2C12 myotubes via the AMPK/ULK1 pathway. Biol Res 2023; 56:29. [PMID: 37270528 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked lethal genetic disorder for which there is no effective treatment. Previous studies have shown that stem cell transplantation into mdx mice can promote muscle regeneration and improve muscle function, however, the specific molecular mechanisms remain unclear. DMD suffers varying degrees of hypoxic damage during disease progression. This study aimed to investigate whether induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have protective effects against hypoxia-induced skeletal muscle injury. RESULTS In this study, we co-cultured iPSCs with C2C12 myoblasts using a Transwell nested system and placed them in a DG250 anaerobic workstation for oxygen deprivation for 24 h. We found that iPSCs reduced the levels of lactate dehydrogenase and reactive oxygen species and downregulated the mRNA and protein levels of BAX/BCL2 and LC3II/LC3I in hypoxia-induced C2C12 myoblasts. Meanwhile, iPSCs decreased the mRNA and protein levels of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 and increased myotube width. Furthermore, iPSCs downregulated the phosphorylation of AMPKα and ULK1 in C2C12 myotubes exposed to hypoxic damage. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that iPSCs enhanced the resistance of C2C12 myoblasts to hypoxia and inhibited apoptosis and autophagy in the presence of oxidative stress. Further, iPSCs improved hypoxia-induced autophagy and atrophy of C2C12 myotubes through the AMPK/ULK1 pathway. This study may provide a new theoretical basis for the treatment of muscular dystrophy in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Cen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Pin Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuting Ding
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Neurology, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, 514000, Guangdong, China
| | - Menglong Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
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10
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Liu Y, Wang D, Li T, Xu L, Li Z, Bai X, Tang M, Wang Y. Melatonin: A potential adjuvant therapy for septic myopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114209. [PMID: 36916434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Septic myopathy, also known as ICU acquired weakness (ICU-AW), is a characteristic clinical symptom of patients with sepsis, mainly manifested as skeletal muscle weakness and muscular atrophy, which affects the respiratory and motor systems of patients, reduces the quality of life, and even threatens the survival of patients. Melatonin is one of the hormones secreted by the pineal gland. Previous studies have found that melatonin has anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging, antioxidant stress, autophagic lysosome regulation, mitochondrial protection, and other multiple biological functions and plays a protective role in sepsis-related multiple organ dysfunction. Given the results of previous studies, we believe that melatonin may play an excellent regulatory role in the repair and regeneration of skeletal muscle atrophy in septic myopathy. Melatonin, as an over-the-counter drug, has the potential to be an early, complementary treatment for clinical trials. Based on previous research results, this article aims to critically discuss and review the effects of melatonin on sepsis and skeletal muscle depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Liu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Ligang Xu
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Zhanfei Li
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Xiangjun Bai
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Manli Tang
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China.
| | - Yuchang Wang
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China.
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11
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CRISPR-Cas9 editing of a TNPO3 mutation in a muscle cell model of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type D2. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 31:324-338. [PMID: 36789274 PMCID: PMC9898580 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A single-nucleotide deletion in the stop codon of the nuclear import receptor transportin-3 (TNPO3), also involved in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, causes the ultrarare autosomal dominant disease limb-girdle muscular dystrophy D2 (LGMDD2) by extending the wild-type protein. Here, we generated a patient-derived in vitro model of LGMDD2 as an immortalized myoblast cell line carrying the TNP O 3 mutation. The cell model reproduced critical molecular alterations seen in patients, such as TNP O 3 overexpression, defects in terminal muscle markers, and autophagy overactivation. Correction of the TNP O 3 mutation via CRISPR-Cas9 editing caused a significant reversion of the pathological phenotypes in edited cells, including a complete absence of the mutant TNPO3 protein, as detected with a polyclonal antibody specific against the abnormal 15-aa peptide. Transcriptomic analyses found that 15% of the transcriptome was differentially expressed in model myotubes. CRISPR-Cas9-corrected cells showed that 44% of the alterations were rescued toward normal levels. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) analyses showed that around 50% of miRNAs with impaired expression because of the disease were recovered on the mutation edition. In summary, this work provides proof of concept of the potential of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing of TNP O 3 as a therapeutic approach and describes critical reagents in LGMDD2 research.
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Pauk M, Saito H, Hesse E, Taipaleenmäki H. Muscle and Bone Defects in Metastatic Disease. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:273-289. [PMID: 35994202 PMCID: PMC9522697 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00741-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present review addresses most recently identified mechanisms implicated in metastasis-induced bone resorption and muscle-wasting syndrome, known as cachexia. RECENT FINDINGS Metastatic disease in bone and soft tissues is often associated with skeletal muscle defects. Recent studies have identified a number of secreted molecules and extracellular vesicles that contribute to cancer cell growth and metastasis leading to bone destruction and muscle atrophy. In addition, alterations in muscle microenvironment including dysfunctions in hepatic and mitochondrial metabolism have been implicated in cancer-induced regeneration defect and muscle loss. Moreover, we review novel in vitro and animal models including promising new drug candidates for bone metastases and cancer cachexia. Preservation of bone health could be highly beneficial for maintaining muscle mass and function. Therefore, a better understanding of molecular pathways implicated in bone and muscle crosstalk in metastatic disease may provide new insights and identify new strategies to improve current anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Pauk
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Musculoskeletal University Center Munich, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Musculoskeletal University Center Munich, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eric Hesse
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Musculoskeletal University Center Munich, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanna Taipaleenmäki
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Musculoskeletal University Center Munich, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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13
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Inflammation: Roles in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091686. [PMID: 36139760 PMCID: PMC9495679 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Various diseases can cause skeletal muscle atrophy, usually accompanied by inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, decreased protein synthesis, and enhanced proteolysis. The underlying mechanism of inflammation in skeletal muscle atrophy is extremely complex and has not been fully elucidated, thus hindering the development of effective therapeutic drugs and preventive measures for skeletal muscle atrophy. In this review, we elaborate on protein degradation pathways, including the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP), the calpain and caspase pathways, the insulin growth factor 1/Akt protein synthesis pathway, myostatin, and muscle satellite cells, in the process of muscle atrophy. Under an inflammatory environment, various pro-inflammatory cytokines directly act on nuclear factor-κB, p38MAPK, and JAK/STAT pathways through the corresponding receptors, and then are involved in muscle atrophy. Inflammation can also indirectly trigger skeletal muscle atrophy by changing the metabolic state of other tissues or cells. This paper explores the changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and fat metabolism under inflammatory conditions as well as their effects on skeletal muscle. Moreover, this paper also reviews various signaling pathways related to muscle atrophy under inflammatory conditions, such as cachexia, sepsis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, and nerve injury. Finally, this paper summarizes anti-amyotrophic drugs and their therapeutic targets for inflammation in recent years. Overall, inflammation is a key factor causing skeletal muscle atrophy, and anti-inflammation might be an effective strategy for the treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy. Various inflammatory factors and their downstream pathways are considered promising targets for the treatment and prevention of skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Lee CW, Chang YB, Park CW, Han SH, Suh HJ, Ahn Y. Protein Hydrolysate from Spirulina platensis Prevents Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy via Akt/Foxo3 Signaling in C2C12 Myotubes. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060365. [PMID: 35736168 PMCID: PMC9229963 DOI: 10.3390/md20060365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of muscle mass is the primary symptom of sarcopenia. Protein intake is recommended to prevent muscle mass loss, and Spirulina platensis, a microalga with high protein content, is a potential protein supplement. Here, we evaluated the differentiation ability of C2C12 cells and the inhibitory effect of Spirulina hydrolysates (SPH) prepared by Collupulin on dexamethasone (DEX)-treated C2C12 cells. SPH contained 578.27 mg/g protein and 92.30 mg/g branched-chain amino acids. SPH increased C2C12 myotube length and diameter, likely owing to increased MyoD1 and Myf5 expression. Inhibition of increased Atrogin-1, MuRF-1, and FoxO3 expression by SPH in DEX-treated C2C12 cells suppressed DEX-induced muscle atrophy. Moreover, SPH inhibited the DEX-induced increase in cytosolic p-Akt protein expression and suppressed the increase in nuclear FoxO3a protein expression, thereby suppressing the increase in the protein expression of the ubiquitin-proteasome-related factors Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1, which are involved in muscle atrophy. SPH suppressed DEX-induced muscle atrophy by activating the Akt/FoxO3a pathway. SPH promoted C2C12 myoblast differentiation into myotubes and inhibited DEX-induced myotube atrophy by suppressing Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 expression and regulating the FoxO3a transcription factor. Collectively, SPH can be used as a functional food to inhibit muscle atrophy and promote muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Woo Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (C.-W.L.); (Y.B.C.); (C.W.P.); (H.J.S.)
| | - Yeok Boo Chang
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (C.-W.L.); (Y.B.C.); (C.W.P.); (H.J.S.)
| | - Chun Woong Park
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (C.-W.L.); (Y.B.C.); (C.W.P.); (H.J.S.)
- BK21FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Han
- Institute of Human Behavior & Genetic, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (C.-W.L.); (Y.B.C.); (C.W.P.); (H.J.S.)
- BK21FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Yejin Ahn
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (C.-W.L.); (Y.B.C.); (C.W.P.); (H.J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-940-2764
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15
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Chang YB, Ahn Y, Suh HJ, Jo K. Yeast hydrolysate ameliorates dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy by suppressing MuRF-1 expression in C2C12 cells and C57BL/6 mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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16
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Kim R, Kim JW, Lee SJ, Bae GU. Ginsenoside Rg3 protects glucocorticoid‑induced muscle atrophy in vitro through improving mitochondrial biogenesis and myotube growth. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:94. [PMID: 35059739 PMCID: PMC8809047 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), amplified by iterative heating processing with fresh ginseng, has a broad range of pharmacological activities and improves mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. However, thus far no study has examined how Rg3 affects myotube growth or muscle atrophy, to the best of the authors' knowledge. The present study was conducted to examine the myogenic effect of Rg3 on dexamethasone (DEX)‑induced myotube atrophy and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Rg3 activated Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling to prevent DEX‑induced myotube atrophy thereby stimulating the expression of muscle‑specific genes, including myosin heavy chain and myogenin, and suppressing muscle‑specific ubiquitin ligases as demonstrated by immunoblotting and immunostaining assays. Furthermore, Rg3 efficiently prevented DEX‑triggered mitochondrial dysfunction of myotubes through peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor‑γ coactivator1α activities and its mitochondrial biogenetic transcription factors, nuclear respiratory factor‑1 and mitochondrial transcription factor A. These were confirmed by immunoblotting, luciferase assays, RT‑qPCR and mitochondrial analysis measuring the levels of ROS, ATP and membrane potential. By providing a mechanistic insight into the effect of Rg3 on myotube atrophy, the present study suggested that Rg3 has potential as a therapeutic or nutraceutical remedy to intervene in muscle aging or diseases including cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuni Kim
- Drug Information Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Won Kim
- Drug Information Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Research Institute of Aging Related Disease, AniMusCure Inc., Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Un Bae
- Drug Information Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The practice of time-restricted feeding (TRF) has received fervent interest in recent years as a strategy to mitigate obesity and metabolic disease. We sought to review the implications of TRF for skeletal muscle health and function in aging. RECENT FINDINGS TRF has high adherence and can promote body weight loss in older populations. Body weight reductions favor fat mass in the young, however, there is also the potential for undesirable losses in lean mass. There is currently no evidence to support TRF for skeletal muscle function and metabolism in older persons, and only tentative findings in the young. With a narrow eating window of 6-8 h and a prolonged fasting period to minimize daily insulin exposure, TRF may contradict recommended dietary practices for optimizing skeletal muscle anabolism in older people. SUMMARY TRF might represent a promising intervention to address obesity and its associated metabolic diseases, however, at present there is insufficient evidence for optimizing skeletal muscle mass or health in older individuals. Further research is needed to: (1) ascertain the impact of TRF on body composition, skeletal muscle anabolism, and autophagy in aging, and; (2) delineate the potentially myoprotective roles of dietary protein and exercise within the framework of TRF in older persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Lees
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Marzuca-Nassr GN, Kuwabara WMT, Vitzel KF, Murata GM, Torres RP, Mancini-Filho J, Alba-Loureiro TC, Curi R. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy Markers in Soleus Muscle Disuse-Induced Atrophy of Rats Treated with Fish Oil. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072298. [PMID: 34371808 PMCID: PMC8308346 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and autophagy pathways are implicated in disuse muscle atrophy. The effects of high eicosapentaenoic (EPA) or high docosahexaenoic (DHA) fish oils on soleus muscle ERS and autophagy markers were investigated in a rat hindlimb suspension (HS) atrophy model. Adult Wistar male rats received daily by gavage supplementation (0.3 mL per 100 g b.w.) of mineral oil or high EPA or high DHA fish oils (FOs) for two weeks. Afterward, the rats were subjected to HS and the respective treatments concomitantly for an additional two-week period. After four weeks, we evaluated ERS and autophagy markers in the soleus muscle. Results were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc test. Gastrocnemius muscle ω-6/ω-3 fatty acids (FAs) ratio was decreased by both FOs indicating the tissue incorporation of omega-3 fatty acids. HS altered (p < 0.05) the protein content (decreasing total p38 and BiP and increasing p-JNK2/total JNK2 ratio, and caspase 3) and gene expressions (decreasing BiP and increasing IRE1 and PERK) of ERS and autophagy (decreasing Beclin and increasing LC3 and ATG14) markers in soleus. Both FOs attenuated (p < 0.05) the increase in PERK and ATG14 expressions induced by HS. Thus, both FOs could potentially attenuate ERS and autophagy in skeletal muscles undergoing atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Nasri Marzuca-Nassr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (W.M.T.K.); (K.F.V.); (T.C.A.-L.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-45-2596713
| | - Wilson Mitsuo Tatagiba Kuwabara
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (W.M.T.K.); (K.F.V.); (T.C.A.-L.); (R.C.)
| | - Kaio Fernando Vitzel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (W.M.T.K.); (K.F.V.); (T.C.A.-L.); (R.C.)
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland 0745, New Zealand
| | - Gilson Masahiro Murata
- Nephrology Division, Medical Investigation Laboratory-29 (LIM-29), Medical School, University of São Paulo (FM-USP), São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil;
| | - Rosângela Pavan Torres
- Department of Lipids Laboratory, Food Science & Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.P.T.); (J.M.-F.)
| | - Jorge Mancini-Filho
- Department of Lipids Laboratory, Food Science & Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.P.T.); (J.M.-F.)
| | - Tatiana Carolina Alba-Loureiro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (W.M.T.K.); (K.F.V.); (T.C.A.-L.); (R.C.)
| | - Rui Curi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (W.M.T.K.); (K.F.V.); (T.C.A.-L.); (R.C.)
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo 01506-000, Brazil
- Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05508-040, Brazil
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19
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Abstract
Run by the International Union for Pure and Applied Biophysics (IUPAB) and published by Springer Nature, Biophysical Reviews is an international journal dedicated to publishing topical review articles in the areas of (i) biology-related physics, (ii) structural biology, and (iii) molecular biology. This Editorial for Volume 13, Issue 2 of Biophysical Reviews provides a brief summary of the contents of the current Issue and then describes some matters important to the journal for 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Hall
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakumamachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1164 Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, Alto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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20
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Thanthrige N, Bhowmik SD, Ferguson BJ, Kabbage M, Mundree SG, Williams B. Potential Biotechnological Applications of Autophagy for Agriculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:760407. [PMID: 34777441 PMCID: PMC8579036 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.760407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a genetically regulated, eukaryotic cellular degradation system that sequestrates cytoplasmic materials in specialised vesicles, termed autophagosomes, for delivery and breakdown in the lysosome or vacuole. In plants, autophagy plays essential roles in development (e.g., senescence) and responses to abiotic (e.g., nutrient starvation, drought and oxidative stress) and biotic stresses (e.g., hypersensitive response). Initially, autophagy was considered a non-selective bulk degradation mechanism that provides energy and building blocks for homeostatic balance during stress. Recent studies, however, reveal that autophagy may be more subtle and selectively target ubiquitylated protein aggregates, protein complexes and even organelles for degradation to regulate vital cellular processes even during favourable conditions. The selective nature of autophagy lends itself to potential manipulation and exploitation as part of designer protein turnover machinery for the development of stress-tolerant and disease-resistant crops, crops with increased yield potential and agricultural efficiency and reduced post-harvest losses. Here, we discuss our current understanding of autophagy and speculate its potential manipulation for improved agricultural performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipuni Thanthrige
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sudipta Das Bhowmik
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett J. Ferguson
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mehdi Kabbage
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sagadevan G. Mundree
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett Williams
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Brett Williams,
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