1
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Stephens C, Naghavi MH. The host cytoskeleton: a key regulator of early HIV-1 infection. FEBS J 2024; 291:1835-1848. [PMID: 36527282 PMCID: PMC10272291 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to its central role in cell biology, the cytoskeleton is a key regulator of viral infection, influencing nearly every step of the viral life cycle. In this review, we will discuss the role of two key components of the cytoskeleton, namely the actin and microtubule networks in early HIV-1 infection. We will discuss key contributions to processes ranging from the attachment and entry of viral particles at the cell surface to their arrival and import into the nucleus and identify areas where further research into this complex relationship may yield new insights into HIV-1 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Stephens
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Mojgan H. Naghavi
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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2
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Taylor IA, Fassati A. The capsid revolution. J Mol Cell Biol 2024; 15:mjad076. [PMID: 38037430 PMCID: PMC11193064 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lenacapavir, targeting the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) capsid, is the first-in-class antiretroviral drug recently approved for clinical use. The development of Lenacapavir is attributed to the remarkable progress in our understanding of the capsid protein made during the last few years. Considered little more than a component of the virus shell to be shed early during infection, the capsid has been found to be a key player in the HIV-1 life cycle by interacting with multiple host factors, entering the nucleus, and directing integration. Here, we describe the key advances that led to this 'capsid revolution'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Taylor
- Macromolecular Structure Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ariberto Fassati
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2PP, UK
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3
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Jiang X, Gao Z, Sharma PP, Kumar S, Rathi B, Ji X, Dai J, Xie M, Dong G, Xu S, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Dick A, Zhan P, Liu X. Discovery of low-molecular-weight phenylalanine derivatives as novel HIV capsid modulators with improved antiretroviral activity and metabolic stability. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29594. [PMID: 38576317 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The HIV capsid (CA) protein is a promising target for anti-AIDS treatment due to its critical involvement in viral replication. Herein, we utilized the well-documented CA inhibitor PF74 as our lead compound and designed a series of low-molecular-weight phenylalanine derivatives. Among them, compound 7t exhibited remarkable antiviral activity with a high selection index (EC50 = 0.040 µM, SI = 2815), surpassing that of PF74 (EC50 = 0.50 µM, SI = 258). Furthermore, when evaluated against the HIV-2 strain, 7t (EC50 = 0.13 µM) demonstrated approximately 14-fold higher potency than that of PF74 (EC50 = 1.76 µM). Insights obtained from surface plasmon resonance (SPR) revealed that 7t exhibited stronger target affinity to the CA hexamer and monomer in comparison to PF74. The potential interactions between 7t and the HIV-1 CA were further elucidated using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, providing a plausible explanation for the enhanced target affinity with 7t over PF74. Moreover, the metabolic stability assay demonstrated that 7t (T1/2 = 77.0 min) significantly outperforms PF74 (T1/2 = 0.7 min) in human liver microsome, exhibiting an improvement factor of 110-fold. In conclusion, 7t emerges as a promising drug candidate warranting further investigation.
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Grants
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC No. 82173677), Key Research and Development Program, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (Grant No. 2023YFC2606500; 2023YFE0206500), Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholars of Shandong Province (ZR2020JQ31), Shandong Laboratory Program (SYS202205), and NIH/NIAID grant R01AI150491 (Loll, PI, Salvino, Co-I)
- 82173677 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 2023YFC2606500 Key Research and Development Program, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China
- 2023YFE0206500 Key Research and Development Program, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China
- ZR2020JQ31 Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholars of Shandong Province
- SYS202205 Shandong Laboratory Program
- R01AI150491 National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/NIAID)
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Prem Prakash Sharma
- HeteroChem InnoTech, Hansraj College Campus (University of Delhi), Delhi, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- HeteroChem InnoTech, Hansraj College Campus (University of Delhi), Delhi, India
| | - Brijesh Rathi
- H.G. Khorana Centre For Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Xiangkai Ji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Dai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanyu Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujing Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexej Dick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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4
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Artcibasova A, Wang L, Anchisi S, Yamauchi Y, Schmolke M, Matthias P, Stelling J. A quantitative model for virus uncoating predicts influenza A infectivity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113558. [PMID: 38103200 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
For virus infection of new host cells, the disassembly of the protective outer protein shell (capsid) is a critical step, but the mechanisms and host-virus interactions underlying the dynamic, active, and regulated uncoating process are largely unknown. Here, we develop an experimentally supported, multiscale kinetics model that elucidates mechanisms of influenza A virus (IAV) uncoating in cells. Biophysical modeling demonstrates that interactions between capsid M1 proteins, host histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), and molecular motors can physically break the capsid in a tug-of-war mechanism. Biochemical analysis and biochemical-biophysical modeling identify unanchored ubiquitin chains as essential and allow robust prediction of uncoating efficiency in cells. Remarkably, the different infectivity of two clinical strains can be ascribed to a single amino acid variation in M1 that affects binding to HDAC6. By identifying crucial modules of viral infection kinetics, the mechanisms and models presented here could help formulate novel strategies for broad-range antiviral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Artcibasova
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering and SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Longlong Wang
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), 4058 Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Anchisi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine and Geneva Center of Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yohei Yamauchi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mirco Schmolke
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine and Geneva Center of Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Matthias
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), 4058 Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jörg Stelling
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering and SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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5
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Jang S, Engelman AN. Capsid-host interactions for HIV-1 ingress. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2023; 87:e0004822. [PMID: 37750702 PMCID: PMC10732038 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00048-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 capsid, composed of approximately 1,200 copies of the capsid protein, encases genomic RNA alongside viral nucleocapsid, reverse transcriptase, and integrase proteins. After cell entry, the capsid interacts with a myriad of host factors to traverse the cell cytoplasm, pass through the nuclear pore complex (NPC), and then traffic to chromosomal sites for viral DNA integration. Integration may very well require the dissolution of the capsid, but where and when this uncoating event occurs remains hotly debated. Based on size constraints, a long-prevailing view was that uncoating preceded nuclear transport, but recent research has indicated that the capsid may remain largely intact during nuclear import, with perhaps some structural remodeling required for NPC traversal. Completion of reverse transcription in the nucleus may further aid capsid uncoating. One canonical type of host factor, typified by CPSF6, leverages a Phe-Gly (FG) motif to bind capsid. Recent research has shown these peptides reside amid prion-like domains (PrLDs), which are stretches of protein sequence devoid of charged residues. Intermolecular PrLD interactions along the exterior of the capsid shell impart avid host factor binding for productive HIV-1 infection. Herein we overview capsid-host interactions implicated in HIV-1 ingress and discuss important research questions moving forward. Highlighting clinical relevance, the long-acting ultrapotent inhibitor lenacapavir, which engages the same capsid binding pocket as FG host factors, was recently approved to treat people living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooin Jang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alan N. Engelman
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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Meanwell NA. Sub-stoichiometric Modulation of Viral Targets-Potent Antiviral Agents That Exploit Target Vulnerability. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1021-1030. [PMID: 37583823 PMCID: PMC10424314 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The modulation of oligomeric viral targets at sub-stoichiometric ratios of drug to target has been advocated for its efficacy and potency, but there are only a limited number of documented examples. In this Viewpoint, we summarize the invention of the HIV-1 maturation inhibitor fipravirimat and discuss the emerging details around the mode of action of this class of drug that reflects inhibition of a protein composed of 1,300-1,600 monomers that interact in a cooperative fashion. Similarly, the HCV NS5A inhibitor daclatasvir has been shown to act in a highly sub-stoichiometric fashion, inhibiting viral replication at concentrations that are ∼23,500 lower than that of the protein target.
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7
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Zhang X, Sun L, Xu S, Huang T, Zhao F, Ding D, Liu C, Jiang X, Tao Y, Kang D, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Cocklin S, Dick A, Liu X, Zhan P. Design, synthesis, and mechanistic study of 2-piperazineone-bearing peptidomimetics as novel HIV capsid modulators. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1272-1295. [PMID: 37484571 PMCID: PMC10357934 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00134b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 capsid (CA) is an attractive target for its indispensable roles in the viral life cycle. We report the design, synthesis, and mechanistic study of a novel series of 2-piperazineone peptidomimetics as HIV capsid modulators by mimicking the structure of host factors binding to CA. F-Id-3o was the most potent compound from the synthesized series, with an anti-HIV-1 EC50 value of 6.0 μM. However, this series of compounds showed a preference for HIV-2 inhibitory activity, in which Id-3o revealed an EC50 value of 2.5 μM (anti-HIV-2 potency), an improvement over PF74. Interestingly, F-Id-3o did bind HIV-1 CA monomers and hexamers with comparable affinity, unlike PF74, consequently showing antiviral activity in the early and late stages of the HIV-1 lifecycle. Molecular dynamics simulations shed light on F-Id-3o and Id-3o binding modes within the HIV-1/2 CA protein and provide a possible explanation for the increased anti-HIV-2 potency. Metabolic stability assays in human plasma and human liver microsomes indicated that although F-Id-3o has enhanced metabolic stability over PF74, further optimization is necessary. Moreover, we utilized computational prediction of drug-like properties and metabolic stability of F-Id-3o and PF74, which correlated well with experimentally derived metabolic stability, providing an efficient computational pipeline for future preselection based on metabolic stability prediction. Overall, the 2-piperazineone-bearing peptidomimetics are a promising new chemotype in the CA modulators class with considerable optimization potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujie Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University 44 West Culture Road 250012 Jinan Shandong PR China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University 44 West Culture Road 250012 Jinan Shandong PR China
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University 107 West Culture Road Jinan 250012 Shandong PR China
| | - Shujing Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University 44 West Culture Road 250012 Jinan Shandong PR China
| | - Tianguang Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University 44 West Culture Road 250012 Jinan Shandong PR China
| | - Fabao Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University 44 West Culture Road 250012 Jinan Shandong PR China
| | - Dang Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University 44 West Culture Road 250012 Jinan Shandong PR China
| | - Chuanfeng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University 44 West Culture Road 250012 Jinan Shandong PR China
| | - Xiangyi Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University 44 West Culture Road 250012 Jinan Shandong PR China
| | - Yucen Tao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University 44 West Culture Road 250012 Jinan Shandong PR China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University 44 West Culture Road 250012 Jinan Shandong PR China
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U. Leuven Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097) 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U. Leuven Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097) 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Simon Cocklin
- Specifica, Inc. 1607 Alcaldesa Street Santa Fe NM 87501 USA
| | - Alexej Dick
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania, PA 19102 USA
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University 44 West Culture Road 250012 Jinan Shandong PR China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University 44 West Culture Road 250012 Jinan Shandong PR China
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8
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da Silva ES, Naghavi MH. Microtubules and viral infection. Adv Virus Res 2023; 115:87-134. [PMID: 37173066 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) form rapidly adaptable, complex intracellular networks of filaments that not only provide structural support, but also form the tracks along which motors traffic macromolecular cargos to specific sub-cellular sites. These dynamic arrays play a central role in regulating various cellular processes including cell shape and motility as well as cell division and polarization. Given their complex organization and functional importance, MT arrays are carefully controlled by many highly specialized proteins that regulate the nucleation of MT filaments at distinct sites, their dynamic growth and stability, and their engagement with other subcellular structures and cargoes destined for transport. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of how MTs and their regulatory proteins function, including their active targeting and exploitation, during infection by viruses that utilize a wide variety of replication strategies that occur within different cellular sub-compartments or regions of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Santos da Silva
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States; HIV Clinical and Translational Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Infection and Immunity, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Mojgan H Naghavi
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
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9
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Hall D. Biophysical Reviews: Turning the page from 2022 to 2023. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:1-11. [PMID: 36909962 PMCID: PMC9995637 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This Editorial (vol. 15 issue 1-Regular Issue featuring an Issue Focus on the "100th Anniversary of Har Gobind Khorana") first describes the issue contents before providing both, a look back at some journal highlights from 2022, and a look forward to what we can expect from 2023. The Editorial closes with a roundup of new journal access features and an acknowledgement of those supporting the journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Hall
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakumamachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1164 Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
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10
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Arsenijevic Y, Berger A, Udry F, Kostic C. Lentiviral Vectors for Ocular Gene Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081605. [PMID: 36015231 PMCID: PMC9414879 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This review offers the basics of lentiviral vector technologies, their advantages and pitfalls, and an overview of their use in the field of ophthalmology. First, the description of the global challenges encountered to develop safe and efficient lentiviral recombinant vectors for clinical application is provided. The risks and the measures taken to minimize secondary effects as well as new strategies using these vectors are also discussed. This review then focuses on lentiviral vectors specifically designed for ocular therapy and goes over preclinical and clinical studies describing their safety and efficacy. A therapeutic approach using lentiviral vector-mediated gene therapy is currently being developed for many ocular diseases, e.g., aged-related macular degeneration, retinopathy of prematurity, inherited retinal dystrophies (Leber congenital amaurosis type 2, Stargardt disease, Usher syndrome), glaucoma, and corneal fibrosis or engraftment rejection. In summary, this review shows how lentiviral vectors offer an interesting alternative for gene therapy in all ocular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Arsenijevic
- Unit Retinal Degeneration and Regeneration, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: (Y.A.); (C.K.)
| | - Adeline Berger
- Group Epigenetics of ocular diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Florian Udry
- Unit Retinal Degeneration and Regeneration, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Corinne Kostic
- Group for Retinal Disorder Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (Y.A.); (C.K.)
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11
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Müller TG, Zila V, Müller B, Kräusslich HG. Nuclear Capsid Uncoating and Reverse Transcription of HIV-1. Annu Rev Virol 2022; 9:261-284. [PMID: 35704745 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-020922-110929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
After cell entry, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication involves reverse transcription of the RNA genome, nuclear import of the subviral complex without nuclear envelope breakdown, and integration of the viral complementary DNA into the host genome. Here, we discuss recent evidence indicating that completion of reverse transcription and viral genome uncoating occur in the nucleus rather than in the cytoplasm, as previously thought, and suggest a testable model for nuclear import and uncoating. Multiple recent studies indicated that the cone-shaped capsid, which encases the genome and replication proteins, not only serves as a reaction container for reverse transcription and as a shield from innate immune sensors but also may constitute the elusive HIV-1 nuclear import factor. Rupture of the capsid may be triggered in the nucleus by completion of reverse transcription, by yet-unknown nuclear factors, or by physical damage, and it appears to occur in close temporal and spatial association with the integration process. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Virology, Volume 9 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten G Müller
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Vojtech Zila
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Barbara Müller
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Hans-Georg Kräusslich
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; .,German Center for Infection Research, Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Abstract
This Commentary represents the first instalment of a regular feature that seeks to fulfil one of Biophysical Reviews' IUPAB mandated goals-that of assisting in the international promotion of biophysical research. Known as the 'Editors' Roundup', this Commentary feature is a multi-author collective description of recently published research from journals publishing material across the biophysical realm. Although Biophysical Reviews is published by Springer-Nature, the source of contributed articles is unrestricted and can include different commercial and society publishers. In this edition we have article descriptions from the following journals, Biophysical Reviews, Biophysics and Physicobiology and Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics.
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13
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Hall D. Biophysical Reviews: from the umbra of 2020-2021 into the antumbra of 2022. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:3-12. [PMID: 35222731 PMCID: PMC8864210 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00938-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This sub-Editorial for Volume 14 Issue 1 (2022) first makes comment on the current issue and then describes matters of interest related to the journal's activities in 2022-chief among which are (i.) the announcement of the winner of the 2022 Michèle Auger Award for Young Scientists' Independent Research, (ii.) an outline of this year's finalized Special Issue (SI) lineup, (iii.) a description of a new production service offered by Springer to those submitting to the Biophysical Reviews journal, and (iv.) an introduction of newly appointed members of the Biophysical Reviews' Editorial Board.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Hall
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakumamachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1164 Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
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