Bioluminescent test systems based on firefly luciferase for studying stress effects on living cells

Luciola mingrelica firefly luciferase as a marker in bioluminescent immunoassays

Chemical modification of the enzymes with biospecific macromolecules is used in various fields of biotechnology to impart new functions or improve their properties and is a fast and convenient way to get the final products. The preparation of highly active, stable, and functionally active conjugates of the thermostable luciferase through the NH2-groups or free SH-groups of the enzyme with target molecules of different molecular weight (albumin, avidin from chicken eggs, antibodies, and progesterone) is described. The obtained conjugates were successfully tested as a reporter in bioluminescent immunoassay for the detection of the molecules and pathogens. Thus, the luc-albumin (Luc-Alb) and luc-insulin (Luc-Ins) conjugates were used in competitive ELISA for the detection of an analyte (albumin or insulin) in the samples. Luc-progesterone (Luc-Pg) was used in the rapid homogeneous immunoassay of progesterone by the BRET technique with the detection limit of 0.5 ng/ml. Luciferase conjugates with avidin (Luc-Avi) and secondary and primary antibodies (Luc-RAM and Luc-Sal) were used for enzyme immunoassay detection of Salmonella paratyphi A cells with the cell detection limit of 5 × 104 CFU/ml. To reduce the detection limit of Salmonella cells, we developed a pseudo-homogeneous bioluminescent enzyme immunoassay of cells using a new matrix for the analyte capture-polystyrene microparticles coated with Pluronic F108, covalently labeled with Sal antibodies. This allowed to achieve efficient trapping of cells from solution, significantly reduced nonspecific sorption and decreased the cell detection limit to 2.7 × 103 CFU/ml without prior concentration of the sample. The methodology that was developed in this study can be applied for the development of novel bioanalytical systems based on firefly luciferases.