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Li Y, Xue L, Gao J, Cai W, Zhang Z, Meng L, Miao S, Hong X, Xu M, Wu Q, Zhang J. A systematic review and meta-analysis indicates a substantial burden of human noroviruses in shellfish worldwide, with GII.4 and GII.2 being the predominant genotypes. Food Microbiol 2023; 109:104140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Oyster Heat Shock Protein 70 Plays a Role in Binding of Human Noroviruses. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0079021. [PMID: 34232705 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00790-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are important foodborne pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis. Oysters are an important vehicle for the transmission of HuNoVs. Histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)-like substances are considered the primary ligands for bioaccumulation of HuNoVs in oyster tissues. In this study, proteinaceous ligands for specific binding of HuNoVs were mined from oyster tissues using a bacterial cell surface display system. The macromolecular target was captured and identified in proteomic analysis. The distribution of viral particles, oyster heat shock protein 70 (oHSP 70), and type A HBGA (positive control) in oyster tissue was investigated by multiplex immunofluorescence assays after artificial contamination with HuNoVs (GII.4). Our results demonstrated that oHSP 70 is a candidate vital ligand for specific binding of HuNoVs in oyster tissues. In addition, P proteins (GI.1 and GII.4) and viral particles (GI.1 and GII.4) were captured by recombinant oHSP 70 in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a sample signal/negative signal of 7.8, 6.3, 17.0, and 8.8, respectively. The findings suggested that oHSP 70 plays an important role in the binding of these foodborne viruses. IMPORTANCE Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the most important pathogen for nonbacterial epidemic gastroenteritis cases. Foodborne transmission plays an important role in HuNoVs infection. Oysters, filter-feeding epibenthic bivalves, can be contaminated by fecal discharge in harvest water. A new proteinaceous ligand for HuNoVs other than HBGA is identified in oyster tissues. The significance of our research is in identifying and verifying the ligands in oyster tissues for HuNoV binding. Our data will allow a better understanding of HuNoV attachment in and transmission by oysters, leading to the control of undesired foodborne disease.
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Occurrence of Human Enteric Viruses in Shellfish along the Production and Distribution Chain in Sicily, Italy. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061384. [PMID: 34203938 PMCID: PMC8232761 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Contamination of bivalve mollusks with human pathogenic viruses represents a recognized food safety risk. Thus, monitoring programs for shellfish quality along the entire food chain could help to finally preserve the health of consumers. The aim of the present study was to provide up-to-date data on the prevalence of enteric virus contamination along the shellfish production and distribution chain in Sicily. To this end, 162 batches of mollusks were collected between 2017 and 2019 from harvesting areas, depuration and dispatch centers (n = 63), restaurants (n = 6) and retail stores (n = 93) distributed all over the island. Samples were processed according to ISO 15216 standard method, and the presence of genogroup GI and GII norovirus (NoV), hepatitis A and E viruses (HAV, HEV), rotavirus and adenovirus was investigated by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time-RT PCR), nested (RT)-PCR and molecular genotyping. Our findings show that 5.56% of samples were contaminated with at least one NoV, HAV and/or HEV. Contaminated shellfish were sampled at production sites and retail stores and their origin was traced back to Spain and several municipalities in Italy. In conclusion, our study highlights the need to implement routine monitoring programs along the whole food chain as an effective measure to prevent foodborne transmission of enteric viruses.
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Zhang H, Liu D, Zhang Z, Hewitt J, Li X, Hou P, Wang D, Wu Q. Surveillance of human norovirus in oysters collected from production area in Shandong Province, China during 2017–2018. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Interaction between norovirus and Histo-Blood Group Antigens: A key to understanding virus transmission and inactivation through treatments? Food Microbiol 2020; 92:103594. [PMID: 32950136 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a main cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. They are frequently involved in foodborne and waterborne outbreaks. Environmental transmission of the virus depends on two main factors: the ability of viral particles to remain infectious and their adhesion capacity onto different surfaces. Until recently, adhesion of viral particles to food matrices was mainly investigated by considering non-specific interactions (e.g. electrostatic, hydrophobic) and there was only limited information about infectious HuNoVs because of the absence of a reliable in vitro HuNoV cultivation system. Many HuNoV strains have now been described as having specific binding interactions with human Histo-Blood Group Antigens (HBGAs) and non-HBGA ligands found in food and the environment. Relevant approaches to the in vitro replication of HuNoVs were also proposed recently. On the basis of the available literature data, this review discusses the opportunities to use this new knowledge to obtain a better understanding of HuNoV transmission to human populations and better evaluate the hazard posed by HuNoVs in foodstuffs and the environment.
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Suffredini E, Le Q, Di Pasquale S, Pham T, Vicenza T, Losardo M, To K, De Medici D. Occurrence and molecular characterization of enteric viruses in bivalve shellfish marketed in Vietnam. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Guix S, Pintó RM, Bosch A. Final Consumer Options to Control and Prevent Foodborne Norovirus Infections. Viruses 2019; 11:E333. [PMID: 30970561 PMCID: PMC6520945 DOI: 10.3390/v11040333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) causes about one-fifth of all cases of foodborne diseases and is a foremost cause of domestically acquired foodborne acute gastroenteritis and outbreaks. NoV infections are often associated with the consumption of contaminated fresh and ready-to-eat produce, fresh and frozen berries, raw/undercooked bivalve mollusks and products which become contaminated during handling. Despite many industrial efforts to control and prevent NoV contamination of foods, the prevalence of NoV in high-risk foodstuffs at retail is still significant. Although certain consumer behaviors may even increase the risk of virus transmission, interventions aiming at changing/implementing consumer habits may be considered as opportunities for risk mitigation. This review aims at providing an update on the progress made in characterizing the effect that consumer habits, which are most critical to prevent NoV transmission (food choice and hygiene, disinfection and cooking during food preparation), may have on reducing the risk of NoV infection. A better understanding of the options for NoV control and prevention may be translated into innovative educational, social or even technological tools targeting consumers with the objective of mitigating the risk of NoV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Guix
- Enteric Virus Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA·UB), University of Barcelona, 08291 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Pintó
- Enteric Virus Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA·UB), University of Barcelona, 08291 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
| | - Albert Bosch
- Enteric Virus Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA·UB), University of Barcelona, 08291 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
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Su L, Ma L, Liu H, Zhao F, Su Z, Zhou D. Presence and Distribution of Histo-Blood Group Antigens in Pacific Oysters and the Effects of Exposure to Noroviruses GI.3 and GII.4 on Their Expression. J Food Prot 2018; 81:1783-1790. [PMID: 30284922 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Noroviruses (NoVs) are one of the most important foodborne viral pathogens worldwide. Oysters are common carriers of NoVs and are responsible for their transmission. NoVs recognize human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) as receptors. Recent studies indicate that HBGA-like molecules also exist in oyster tissues and that they may play a key role in the binding of NoVs. However, the mechanism by which different genotypes of NoV accumulate in different oyster tissues is unknown. In this study, the presence and distribution of different types of HBGA-like molecules were evaluated in 240 oysters collected from the Shandong Peninsula of People's Republic of China for 1 year. The HBGA-like molecules were detected at various rates and expressed at different levels in different tissues. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the diversity of HBGA-like molecules in four oyster tissues. Eight types of HBGA-like molecules (types A, B, H1, Lewis x, Lewis y, Lewis a, Lewis b, and precursor) were assessed in different tissues. Of these, the type A HBGA-like molecule was consistently expressed in the gills, digestive tissue, and mantle, while types H1 and Lewis b HBGA-like molecules were expressed in the digestive tissues. The expression of HBGA-like molecules in response to the NoV challenge was investigated. The levels of types A, H1, and Lewis x increased significantly in specific oyster tissues after exposure to genogroup II, genotype 4 (GII.4) or genogroup I, genotype 3 (GI.3) NoV. The real-time reverse transcription PCR assays indicated that GI.3 NoV mainly accumulated in the digestive tissues of oysters, whereas GII.4 NoV accumulated in the gills, mantle, and digestive tissues. These results provide new insights into the mechanism of NoV bioaccumulation in oysters and suggest that NoV accumulation in oysters may be related to the expression of HBGA-like molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laijin Su
- 1 Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China.,2 College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, People's Republic of China.,3 Institute of Food Sciences, Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Wenzhou 325006, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Ma
- 1 Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- 1 Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China.,2 College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhao
- 1 Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Su
- 1 Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Deqing Zhou
- 1 Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
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Imamura S, Kanezashi H, Goshima T, Haruna M, Okada T, Inagaki N, Uema M, Noda M, Akimoto K. Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis of the Diversity of Human Noroviruses in Japanese Oysters. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017; 14:465-471. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saiki Imamura
- Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kanezashi
- Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Goshima
- Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Haruna
- Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Food Analysis Technology Center SUNATEC, Yokkaichi, Japan
| | - Masashi Uema
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Noda
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Akimoto
- Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
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Ma L, Su L, Liu H, Zhao F, Zhou D, Duan D. Norovirus contamination and the glycosphingolipid biosynthesis pathway in Pacific oyster: A transcriptomics study. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:26-34. [PMID: 28457919 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Noroviruses are the primary pathogens associated with shellfish-borne gastroenteritis outbreaks. These viruses remain stable in oysters, suggesting an active mechanism for virus concentration. In this study, a deep RNA sequencing technique was used to analyze the transcriptome profiles of Pacific oysters at different time points after inoculation with norovirus (GII.4). We obtained a maximum of 65, 294, 698 clean sample reads. When aligned to the reference genome, the average mapping ratio of clean data was approximately 65%. In the samples harvested at 12, 24, and 48 h after contamination, 2,223, 2,990, and 2020 genes, respectively, were differentially expressed in contaminated and non-contaminated oyster digestive tissues, including 500, 1748, and 1039 up-regulated and 1723, 1242, and 981 down-regulated genes, respectively. In particular, FUT2 and B3GNT4, genes encoding the signaling components of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, were significantly up-regulated in contaminated samples. In addition, we found up-regulation of some immune- and disease-related genes in the MHC I pathway (PA28, HSP 70, HSP90, CANX, BRp57, and CALR) and MHC II pathway (GILT, CTSBLS, RFX, and NFY), although NoVs did not cause diseases in the oysters. We detected two types of HBGA-like molecules with positive-to-negative ratios similar to type A and H1 HBGA-like molecules in digestive tissues that were significantly higher in norovirus-contaminated than in non-contaminated oysters. Thus, our transcriptome data analysis indicated that a human pathogen (GII.4 Norovirus) was likely concentrated in the digestive tissues of oysters via HBGA-like molecules that were synthesized by the glycosphingolipid biosynthesis pathway. The identified differentially expressed genes also provide potential candidates for functional analysis to identify genes involved in the accumulation of noroviruses in oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Ma
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Laijin Su
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Deqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
| | - Delin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
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Throckmorton E, Brenden T, Peters AK, Newcomb TJ, Whelan GE, Faisal M. Potential Reservoirs and Risk Factors for VHSV IVb in an Enzootic System: Budd Lake, Michigan. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2017; 29:31-42. [PMID: 28166454 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2016.1254121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus genotype IVb (VHSV IVb) has caused major, sporadic fish die-offs in the Laurentian Great Lakes region of North America since 2005. Presently, factors affecting VHSV IVb persistence in enzootic systems are not well understood. Even with annual surveillance, the virus can go undetected for several years after an outbreak before again re-emerging, which suggests that the virus is maintained in the system either below detectable levels or in untested reservoirs. The aim of this study was to identify potential reservoirs of VHSV IVb in Budd Lake, Michigan; VHSV IVb was first detected in Budd Lake in 2007 but remained undetected until 2011. Additionally, we explored the susceptibility of naive fish introduced into a water body enzootic for VHSV IVb by stocking age-0 Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides at varying densities into enclosures in the lake. The virus was not detected among samples of the fishes Notropis spp. and Lepomis spp., cylindrical papershell mussels Anodontoides ferussacianus, leeches (subclass Hirudinea), sediment, or water. However, the virus was successfully isolated from amphipods (family Hyalellidae) and Largemouth Bass held in the enclosures. Our finding of VHSV IVb in Hyalellidae amphipods in combination with other research that has detected the virus in Diporeia spp., a large benthic amphipod important as a food resource to Great Lake fishes, suggests that benthic macroinvertebrates are a reservoir for VHSV IVb in infected systems. If there are environmental reservoirs for VHSV IVb in infected systems, they are likely unevenly distributed. Findings of this study add to our understanding of the seemingly complex ecology of this deadly and economically detrimental virus. Received February 22, 2016; accepted October 16, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Throckmorton
- a Department of Fisheries and Wildlife , Michigan State University , 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , USA
| | - Travis Brenden
- b Quantitative Fisheries Center, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife , Michigan State University , 293 Farm Lane, East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , USA
| | - Amber K Peters
- a Department of Fisheries and Wildlife , Michigan State University , 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , USA
| | - Tammy J Newcomb
- c Michigan Department of Natural Resources , Post Office Box 30028, 525 West Allegan Street, Lansing , Michigan 48933 , USA
| | - Gary E Whelan
- d Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Fisheries Division , Post Office Box 30446, Lansing , Michigan 48909 , USA
| | - Mohamed Faisal
- a Department of Fisheries and Wildlife , Michigan State University , 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , USA
- e Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation , Michigan State University , 1129 Farm Lane, East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , USA
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