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Kumthip K, Khamrin P, Ushijima H, Maneekarn N. Detection of Six Different Human Enteric Viruses Contaminating Environmental Water in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0351222. [PMID: 36533933 PMCID: PMC9927274 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03512-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A 2-year surveillance study into enteric viruses contaminating environmental water samples was conducted in the city of Chang Mai, Thailand. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of six different human enteric viruses, specifically, adenovirus (AdV), astrovirus (AstV), enteroviruses (EVs), human parechovirus (HPeV), rotavirus (RV), and saffold virus (SAFV), contaminating several types of environmental water using PCR and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) methods. All targeted viruses were detected with different levels of prevalence. The levels ranged from 0.8 to 4.8% (AdV, 0.8%; AstV, 4.8%; EV, 0.8%; HPeV, 3.2%; RV, 0.8%; SAFV, 3.2%). A wide variety of human enteric virus genotypes, including AdV-41, AstV-MLB1, coxsackievirus A, HPeV1, 5, and 6, RV G4[P8], and SAFV-2 and 3 were detected. The overall picture of the 13 human enteric viruses that were detected in environmental water in Chiang Mai, Thailand, is also summarized in this study. The data and the findings of this study will provide a better understanding of the viral dynamics in environmental water. The detection of these viruses in environmental water indicates there is the potential for human infection from this source. IMPORTANCE Human enteric viruses are a major cause of gastrointestinal illness, and these viruses can be introduced into environmental water through various routes. Viral contamination in water could play a significant role in human health. This study demonstrated the prevalence of six different enteric viruses, adenovirus, astrovirus, enteroviruses, human parechovirus, rotavirus, and saffold virus, contaminating environmental water. We also analyzed the overall prevalence of other enteric viruses that were in this area, and the findings revealed a wide diversity of the enteric viruses contaminating environmental water. The data provide a better understanding of the epidemiologic importance of viral contamination of the water and highlight the need for better management of wastewater disposal and effective environmental water treatment to prevent the human population from infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kattareeya Kumthip
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence (Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pattara Khamrin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence (Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Ushijima
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Niwat Maneekarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence (Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Razizadeh MH, Khatami A, Zarei M. Global Status of Bufavirus, Cosavirus, and Saffold Virus in Gastroenteritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:775698. [PMID: 35096871 PMCID: PMC8792846 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.775698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bufavirus (BuV), Human Cosavirus (HCoSV), and Saffold (SAFV) virus are three newly discovered viruses and have been suggested as possible causes of gastroenteritis (GE) in some studies. The aim of the present study was to estimate the overall prevalence of viruses and their association with GE. Methods: A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google scholar between 2007 and 2021 to find studies on the prevalence of BuV, HCoSV, and SAFV viruses. Result: Meta-analysis of the 46 included studies showed the low prevalence of BuV (1.%, 95% CI 0.6-1.5%), HCoSV (0.8%, 95% CI 0.4-1.5%), and SAFV (1.9%, 95% CI 1.1-3.1%) worldwide. Also, no significant association between these viruses and GE was observed. BuV was isolated from patients with GE in Africa, while SAFV was more common in Europe. BuV1 and BuV2 have the same prevalence between the three identified genotypes of BuV. HCoSV-C was the most prevalent genotype of HCoSV, and SAFV2 was the commonest genotype of SAFV. All of these viruses were more prevalent in children older than 5 years of age. Conclusion: This was the first meta-analysis on the prevalence and association of BuV, HCoSV, and SAFV with GE. While no significant association was found between infection with these viruses and GE, we suggest more studies, especially with case-control design and from different geographical regions in order to enhance our knowledge of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireza Khatami
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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Eloffy MG, El-Sherif DM, Abouzid M, Elkodous MA, El-nakhas HS, Sadek RF, Ghorab MA, Al-Anazi A, El-Sayyad GS. Proposed approaches for coronaviruses elimination from wastewater: Membrane techniques and nanotechnology solutions. NANOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWS 2021; 11:1-25. [DOI: 10.1515/ntrev-2022-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Since the beginning of the third Millennium, specifically during the last 18 years, three outbreaks of diseases have been recorded caused by coronaviruses (CoVs). The latest outbreak of these diseases was Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has been declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic. For this reason, current efforts of the environmental, epidemiology scientists, engineers, and water sector professionals are ongoing to detect CoV in environmental components, especially water, and assess the relative risk of exposure to these systems and any measures needed to protect the public health, workers, and public, in general. This review presents a brief overview of CoV in water, wastewater, and surface water based on a literature search providing different solutions to keep water protected from CoV. Membrane techniques are very attractive solutions for virus elimination in water. In addition, another essential solution is nanotechnology and its applications in the detection and protection of human and water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. G. Eloffy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Dina M. El-Sherif
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abouzid
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences , 6 Święcickiego Street , 60-781 Poznan , Poland
| | - Mohamed Abd Elkodous
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology , Toyohashi , Aichi 441-8580 , Japan
| | | | - Rawia F. Sadek
- Chemical Maintenance Unit, Experimental Training Research Reactor Number two (ETRR-2), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) , P.O. Box 13759 , Cairo , Egypt
- Drug Radiation Research Department, Drug Microbiology Laboratory, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) , P.O. Box 13759 , Nasr City, Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Ghorab
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention (OCSPP), Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) , Washington , DC , USA
- Department of Animal Science, Wildlife Toxicology Laboratory, Institute for Integrative Toxicology (IIT), Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI 48824 , USA
| | - Abdulaziz Al-Anazi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering King Saud University (KSU) , P.O. Box 800 , Riyadh 11421 , Saudi
| | - Gharieb S. El-Sayyad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University , New Galala city , Suez , Egypt
- Drug Radiation Research Department, Drug Microbiology Laboratory, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) , P.O. Box 29 , Nasr City, Cairo , Egypt
- Chemical Engineering Department, Military Technical College (MTC), Egyptian Armed Forces , Cairo , Egypt
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High Frequency of Salivirus in Pediatric Patients with Acute Gastroenteritis. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/jommid.9.4.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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First Human Cosavirus Detection From Cerebrospinal Fluid in Hospitalized Children With Aseptic Meningitis and Encephalitis in Iran. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2021; 40:e459-e461. [PMID: 34870389 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human cosavirus (HCosV) is a newly recognized virus that seems to be partly related to nonpolio flaccid paralysis and acute gastroenteritis in pediatric patients. However, the relationship between HCosV and diseases in humans is unclear. To assess an investigation for the occurrence of HCosV among pediatric patients involved in meningitis and encephalitis, we implemented a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for detection and quantification of HCosV in stool specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, a total of 160 cerebrospinal fluid samples from September 2019 to October 2020 were collected from presenting pediatric patients with meningitis and encephalitis in a Karaj hospital, Iran. After viral RNA extraction, the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to amplify the 5'Un-Translated Region region of the HCosV genome and viral load was analyzed. RESULTS Of the 160 samples tested, the HCosV genomic RNA was detected in 2/160 (1.25%) of samples. The minimum viral load of HCosV was 3.5 × 103 copies/mL from 4 years male patient. The maximum viral load was determined to be 2.4 × 105 copies/mL in one sample obtained from 3.5 years female patient. CONCLUSIONS This is the first documentation of HCosV detection in cerebrospinal fluid samples that better demonstrates relation of HCosV with neurologic diseases including meningitis and encephalitis. Also, these results indicate that HCosV has been circulating among Iranian pediatric patients.
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Ali W, Zhang H, Wang Z, Chang C, Javed A, Ali K, Du W, Niazi NK, Mao K, Yang Z. Occurrence of various viruses and recent evidence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater systems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125439. [PMID: 33684818 PMCID: PMC7894103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are omnipresent and persistent in wastewater, which poses a risk to human health. In this review, we summarise the different qualitative and quantitative methods for virus analysis in wastewater and systematically discuss the spatial distribution and temporal patterns of various viruses (i.e., enteric viruses, Caliciviridae (Noroviruses (NoVs)), Picornaviridae (Enteroviruses (EVs)), Hepatitis A virus (HAV)), and Adenoviridae (Adenoviruses (AdVs))) in wastewater systems. Then we critically review recent SARS-CoV-2 studies to understand the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic through wastewater surveillance. SARS-CoV-2 genetic material has been detected in wastewater from France, the Netherlands, Australia, Italy, Japan, Spain, Turkey, India, Pakistan, China, and the USA. We then discuss the utility of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) to estimate the occurrence, distribution, and genetic diversity of these viruses and generate human health risk assessment. Finally, we not only promote the prevention of viral infectious disease transmission through wastewater but also highlight the potential use of WBE as an early warning system for public health assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, PR China.
| | - Zhenglu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Chuanyu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, PR China
| | - Asif Javed
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Ali
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Kang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, PR China.
| | - Zhugen Yang
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
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Vandesande H, Edman K, Rondahl E, Falkeborn T, Serrander L, Lindberg AM. Saffold virus infection in elderly people with acute gastroenteritis in Sweden. J Med Virol 2021; 93:3980-3984. [PMID: 32827319 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Viral gastroenteritis is a major source of morbidity and mortality, predominantly caused by so-called NOROAD viruses (norovirus, rotavirus, and adenovirus). In approximately onethird of all cases, however, the exact etiology is unknown. The in 2007 discovered human cardiovirus Saffold virus (SAFV) may prove to be a plausible candidate to explain this diagnostic gap. This virus, a member of the Picornaviridae family which is closely related to the murine viruses Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus and Theravirus, is a widespread pathogen and causes infection early in life. Screening of 238 fecal or vomitus samples obtained from NOROAD-negative, elderly patients with acute gastroenteritis at the University Hospital of Linköping showed that SAFV is present in low abundance (4.6%). Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 gene revealed a Swedish isolate belonging to the highly common and in Europe widespread SAFV-3 genotype. This genotype is also related to previously reported Asian strains. This study describes the first molecular typing of a Swedish SAFV isolate and is the first report to document the circulation of SAFV among elderly people. The pathogenicity of SAFV is, as of yet, still under debate; further studies are necessary to determine its role in the development of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Vandesande
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Kjell Edman
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Elin Rondahl
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tina Falkeborn
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lena Serrander
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - A Michael Lindberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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López GR, Martinez LM, Freyre L, Freire MC, Vladimirsky S, Rabossi A, Cisterna DM. Persistent Detection of Cosavirus and Saffold Cardiovirus in Riachuelo River, Argentina. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2021; 13:64-73. [PMID: 33165867 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-020-09451-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cosaviruses (CoSV) and Saffold cardiovirus (SAFV) are novel members of the Picornaviridae family. The Matanza-Riachuelo river basin covers a total area of 2200 km2 with approximately 60 km long. Its last section is called Riachuelo River. The aim of this study was to describe the circulation of both picornaviruses and their relationship with the environmental situation of the Riachuelo River using 274 samples collected from 2005 to 2015. CoSV and SAFV were investigated in samples available by two periods: 2005-2006 and 2014-2015 (103 and 101, respectively). Physicochemical and bacteriological parameters confirmed very high levels of human fecal contamination during the 11 years evaluated. CoSV was detected in 85.7% (66/77) and 65.4% (17/26) of the samples collected in 2005-2006 and 2014-2015 periods, respectively. Species A and D were identified, the first one being widely predominant: 74.1% (20/27) and 75.0% (3/4) in both periods. SAFV virus was detected in 47.1% (32/68) and 52.6% (10/19) in periods 2005-2006 and 2014-2015, respectively. SAFV-6 was the most identified genotype in the entire study, while SAFV-3 was predominant in 2005-2006. The contribution of genotypes 1, 2, 4 and 8 was minor. The high prevalence of CoSV and SAFV suggests that both viruses have been circulating in Argentina at least since 2005. Our results show that a watercourse with high rates of human fecal contamination can become a persistent source of new viruses which capacity to produce human diseases is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Riviello López
- Prefectura Naval Argentina, Av. Eduardo Madero 235 (1106ACC), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Leila Marina Martinez
- Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbran", Av. Velez Sarsfield 563 (1282AFF), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Freyre
- Prefectura Naval Argentina, Av. Eduardo Madero 235 (1106ACC), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Freire
- Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbran", Av. Velez Sarsfield 563 (1282AFF), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sara Vladimirsky
- Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbran", Av. Velez Sarsfield 563 (1282AFF), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Rabossi
- IIBBA-CONICET and FIL, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435 (1405BWE), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Marcelo Cisterna
- Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbran", Av. Velez Sarsfield 563 (1282AFF), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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