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Máthé D, Szalay G, Cseri L, Kis Z, Pályi B, Földes G, Kovács N, Fülöp A, Szepesi Á, Hajdrik P, Csomos A, Zsembery Á, Kádár K, Katona G, Mucsi Z, Rózsa BJ, Kovács E. Monitoring correlates of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell culture using a two-photon-active calcium-sensitive dye. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:105. [PMID: 39030477 PMCID: PMC11264913 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The organism-wide effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral infection are well studied, but little is known about the dynamics of how the infection spreads in time among or within cells due to the scarcity of suitable high-resolution experimental systems. It has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 infection pathways converge at calcium influx and subcellular calcium distribution changes. Imaging combined with a proper staining technique is an effective tool for studying subcellular calcium-related infection and replication mechanisms at such resolutions. METHODS Using two-photon (2P) fluorescence imaging with our novel Ca-selective dye, automated image analysis and clustering analysis were applied to reveal titer and variant effects on SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero E6 cells. RESULTS The application of a new calcium sensor molecule is shown, combined with a high-end 2P technique for imaging and identifying the patterns associated with cellular infection damage within cells. Vero E6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants, D614G or B.1.1.7, exhibit elevated cytosolic calcium levels, allowing infection monitoring by tracking the cellular changes in calcium level by the internalized calcium sensor. The imaging provides valuable information on how the level and intracellular distribution of calcium are perturbed during the infection. Moreover, two-photon calcium sensing allowed the distinction of infections by two studied viral variants via cluster analysis of the image parameters. This approach will facilitate the study of cellular correlates of infection and their quantification depending on viral variants and viral load. CONCLUSIONS We propose a new two-photon microscopy-based method combined with a cell-internalized sensor to quantify the level of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We optimized the applied dye concentrations to not interfere with viral fusion and viral replication events. The presented method ensured the proper monitoring of viral infection, replication, and cell fate. It also enabled distinguishing intracellular details of cell damage, such as vacuole and apoptotic body formation. Using clustering analysis, 2P microscopy calcium fluorescence images were suitable to distinguish two different viral variants in cell cultures. Cellular harm levels read out by calcium imaging were quantitatively related to the initial viral multiplicity of infection numbers. Thus, 2P quantitative calcium imaging might be used as a correlate of infection or a correlate of activity in cellular antiviral studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domokos Máthé
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094, Budapest, Hungary.
- In Vivo Imaging Advanced Core Facility, Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094, Budapest, Hungary.
- HUN-REN Physical Virology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gergely Szalay
- Laboratory of 3D Functional Network and Dendritic Imaging, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony utca 43, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
- BrainVisionCenter, Liliom utca 43-45, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Levente Cseri
- BrainVisionCenter, Liliom utca 43-45, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
- Femtonics Ltd., Tűzoltó utca 59, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kis
- National Center for Public Health, Albert Flórián út 2-6, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Pályi
- National Center for Public Health, Albert Flórián út 2-6, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Földes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor utca. 68, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Noémi Kovács
- In Vivo Imaging Advanced Core Facility, Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Fülöp
- Femtonics Ltd., Tűzoltó utca 59, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Áron Szepesi
- Laboratory of 3D Functional Network and Dendritic Imaging, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony utca 43, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
- BrainVisionCenter, Liliom utca 43-45, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Polett Hajdrik
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Csomos
- Femtonics Ltd., Tűzoltó utca 59, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ákos Zsembery
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Kádár
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Katona
- Two-Photon Measurement Technology Group, The Faculty of Information Technology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Szigony utca 50/A, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Mucsi
- BrainVisionCenter, Liliom utca 43-45, 1094, Budapest, Hungary.
- Femtonics Ltd., Tűzoltó utca 59, 1094, Budapest, Hungary.
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Miskolc, Egyetem tér 1, 3515, Miskolc, Hungary.
| | - Balázs József Rózsa
- Laboratory of 3D Functional Network and Dendritic Imaging, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony utca 43, 1083, Budapest, Hungary.
- BrainVisionCenter, Liliom utca 43-45, 1094, Budapest, Hungary.
- Two-Photon Measurement Technology Group, The Faculty of Information Technology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Szigony utca 50/A, 1083, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ervin Kovács
- Two-Photon Measurement Technology Group, The Faculty of Information Technology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Szigony utca 50/A, 1083, Budapest, Hungary.
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
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Man Q, Gao Z, Chen K. Functional Potassium Channels in Macrophages. J Membr Biol 2023; 256:175-187. [PMID: 36622407 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are the predominant component of innate immunity, which is an important protective barrier of our body. Macrophages are present in all organs and tissues of the body, their main functions include immune surveillance, bacterial killing, tissue remodeling and repair, and clearance of cell debris. In addition, macrophages can present antigens to T cells and facilitate inflammatory response by releasing cytokines. Macrophages are of high concern due to their crucial roles in multiple physiological processes. In recent years, new advances are emerging after great efforts have been made to explore the mechanisms of macrophage activation. Ion channel is a class of multimeric transmembrane protein that allows specific ions to go through cell membrane. The flow of ions through ion channel between inside and outside of cell membrane is required for maintaining cell morphology and intracellular signal transduction. Expressions of various ion channels in macrophages have been detected. The roles of ion channels in macrophage activation are gradually caught attention. K+ channels are the most studied channels in immune system. However, very few of published papers reviewed the studies of K+ channels on macrophages. Here, we will review the four types of K+ channels that are expressed in macrophages: voltage-gated K+ channel, calcium-activated K+ channel, inwardly rectifying K+ channel and two-pore domain K+ channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyan Man
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, A506, Wang Changlai Building818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhe Gao
- Ningbo Institute of Medical Sciences, 42 Yangshan Rd, Ningbo, China.
| | - Kuihao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, A506, Wang Changlai Building818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, China.
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Tanaka S, Ito S, Shimamoto C, Matsumura H, Inui T, Marunaka Y, Nakahari T. Nitric oxide synthesis stimulated by arachidonic acid accumulation via PPARα in acetylcholine-stimulated gastric mucous cells. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1939-1949. [PMID: 34216172 DOI: 10.1113/ep089517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Arachidonic acid (AA) stimulates NO production in antral mucous cells without any increase in [Ca2+ ]i . Given that the intracellular AA concentration is too low to measure, the relationship between AA accumulation and NO production remains uncertain. Is AA accumulation a key step for NO production? What is the main finding and its importance? We demonstrated that AA accumulation is a key step for NO production. The amount of AA released could be measured using fluorescence-HPLC. The intracellular AA concentration was maintained at < 1 μM. Nitric oxide is produced by AA accumulation in antral mucous cells, not as a direct effect of [Ca2+ ]i . ABSTRACT In the present study, we demonstrate that NO production is stimulated by an accumulation of arachidonic acid (AA) mediated via peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor α (PPARα) and that the NO produced enhances Ca2+ -regulated exocytosis in ACh-stimulated antral mucous cells. The amount of AA released from the antral mucosa, measured by fluorescence high-performance liquid chromatography (F-HPLC), was increased by addition of ionomycin (10 μM) or ACh, suggesting that AA accumulation is stimulated by an increase in [Ca2+ ]i . The AA production was inhibited by an inhibitor of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2-inhα). GW6471 (a PPARα inhibitor) and cPLA2-inhα inhibited NO synthesis stimulated by ACh. Moreover, indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, stimulated AA accumulation and NO production. However, acetylsalicylic acid did not stimulate AA production and NO synthesis. An analogue of AA (AACOCF3) alone stimulated NO synthesis, which was inhibited by GW6471. In antral mucous cells, indomethacin enhanced Ca2+ -regulated exocytosis by increasing NO via PPARα, and the enhancement was abolished by GW6471 and cPLA2-inhα. Thus, AA produced via PLA2 activation is the key step for NO synthesis in ACh-stimulated antral mucous cells and plays important roles in maintaining antral mucous secretion, especially in Ca2+ -regulated exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Tanaka
- Research Unit for Epithelial Physiology, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Biwako Kusatsu Campus, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.,Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Shigenori Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Chikao Shimamoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Matsumura
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Toshio Inui
- Research Unit for Epithelial Physiology, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Biwako Kusatsu Campus, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.,Saisei Mirai Clinics, Moriguchi, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Research Unit for Epithelial Physiology, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Biwako Kusatsu Campus, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.,Medical Research Institute, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakahari
- Research Unit for Epithelial Physiology, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Biwako Kusatsu Campus, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
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Onopiuk M, Eby B, Nesin V, Ngo P, Lerner M, Gorvin CM, Stokes VJ, Thakker RV, Brandi ML, Chang W, Humphrey MB, Tsiokas L, Lau K. Control of PTH secretion by the TRPC1 ion channel. JCI Insight 2020; 5:132496. [PMID: 32213715 PMCID: PMC7205425 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.132496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) is a genetic condition associated with hypocalciuria, hypercalcemia, and, in some cases, inappropriately high levels of circulating parathyroid hormone (PTH). FHH is associated with inactivating mutations in the gene encoding the Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR), a GPCR, and GNA11 encoding G protein subunit α 11 (Gα11), implicating defective GPCR signaling as the root pathophysiology for FHH. However, the downstream mechanism by which CaSR activation inhibits PTH production/secretion is incompletely understood. Here, we show that mice lacking the transient receptor potential canonical channel 1 (TRPC1) develop chronic hypercalcemia, hypocalciuria, and elevated PTH levels, mimicking human FHH. Ex vivo and in vitro studies revealed that TRPC1 serves a necessary and sufficient mediator to suppress PTH secretion from parathyroid glands (PTGs) downstream of CaSR in response to high extracellular Ca2+ concentration. Gα11 physically interacted with both the N- and C-termini of TRPC1 and enhanced CaSR-induced TRPC1 activity in transfected cells. These data identify TRPC1-mediated Ca2+ signaling as an essential component of the cellular apparatus controlling PTH secretion in the PTG downstream of CaSR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bonnie Eby
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | | | - Megan Lerner
- Department of Surgery, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Caroline M Gorvin
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria J Stokes
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Biomedicals Sperimentals and Clinicals Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze and Fondazione FIRMO, Florence, Italy
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mary Beth Humphrey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Kai Lau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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