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Braidy N, Berg J, Clement J, Khorshidi F, Poljak A, Jayasena T, Grant R, Sachdev P. Role of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide and Related Precursors as Therapeutic Targets for Age-Related Degenerative Diseases: Rationale, Biochemistry, Pharmacokinetics, and Outcomes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:251-294. [PMID: 29634344 PMCID: PMC6277084 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential pyridine nucleotide that serves as an essential cofactor and substrate for a number of critical cellular processes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production, DNA repair, epigenetically modulated gene expression, intracellular calcium signaling, and immunological functions. NAD+ depletion may occur in response to either excessive DNA damage due to free radical or ultraviolet attack, resulting in significant poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation and a high turnover and subsequent depletion of NAD+, and/or chronic immune activation and inflammatory cytokine production resulting in accelerated CD38 activity and decline in NAD+ levels. Recent studies have shown that enhancing NAD+ levels can profoundly reduce oxidative cell damage in catabolic tissue, including the brain. Therefore, promotion of intracellular NAD+ anabolism represents a promising therapeutic strategy for age-associated degenerative diseases in general, and is essential to the effective realization of multiple benefits of healthy sirtuin activity. The kynurenine pathway represents the de novo NAD+ synthesis pathway in mammalian cells. NAD+ can also be produced by the NAD+ salvage pathway. Recent Advances: In this review, we describe and discuss recent insights regarding the efficacy and benefits of the NAD+ precursors, nicotinamide (NAM), nicotinic acid (NA), nicotinamide riboside (NR), and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), in attenuating NAD+ decline in degenerative disease states and physiological aging. Critical Issues: Results obtained in recent years have shown that NAD+ precursors can play important protective roles in several diseases. However, in some cases, these precursors may vary in their ability to enhance NAD+ synthesis via their location in the NAD+ anabolic pathway. Increased synthesis of NAD+ promotes protective cell responses, further demonstrating that NAD+ is a regulatory molecule associated with several biochemical pathways. Future Directions: In the next few years, the refinement of personalized therapy for the use of NAD+ precursors and improved detection methodologies allowing the administration of specific NAD+ precursors in the context of patients' NAD+ levels will lead to a better understanding of the therapeutic role of NAD+ precursors in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jade Berg
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Fatemeh Khorshidi
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anne Poljak
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tharusha Jayasena
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ross Grant
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Hall BM, Balan V, Gleiberman AS, Strom E, Krasnov P, Virtuoso LP, Rydkina E, Vujcic S, Balan K, Gitlin II, Leonova KI, Consiglio CR, Gollnick SO, Chernova OB, Gudkov AV. p16(Ink4a) and senescence-associated β-galactosidase can be induced in macrophages as part of a reversible response to physiological stimuli. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:1867-1884. [PMID: 28768895 PMCID: PMC5611982 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Constitutive p16Ink4a expression, along with senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SAβG), are commonly accepted biomarkers of senescent cells (SCs). Recent reports attributed improvement of the healthspan of aged mice following p16Ink4a-positive cell killing to the eradication of accumulated SCs. However, detection of p16Ink4a/SAβG-positive macrophages in the adipose tissue of old mice and in the peritoneal cavity of young animals following injection of alginate-encapsulated SCs has raised concerns about the exclusivity of these markers for SCs. Here we report that expression of p16Ink4a and SAβG in macrophages is acquired as part of a physiological response to immune stimuli rather than through senescence, consistent with reports that p16Ink4a plays a role in macrophage polarization and response. Unlike SCs, p16Ink4a/SAβG-positive macrophages can be induced in p53-null mice. Macrophages, but not mesenchymal SCs, lose both markers in response to M1- [LPS, IFN-α, Poly(I:C)] and increase their expression in response to M2-inducing stimuli (IL-4, IL-13). Moreover, interferon-inducing agent Poly(I:C) dramatically reduced p16Ink4a expression in vivo in our alginate bead model and in the adipose tissue of aged mice. These observations suggest that the antiaging effects following eradication of p16Ink4a-positive cells may not be solely attributed to SCs but also to non-senescent p16Ink4a/SAβG-positive macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vitaly Balan
- Everon Biosciences, Inc., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karina Balan
- Everon Biosciences, Inc., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Ilya I Gitlin
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Katerina I Leonova
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Camila R Consiglio
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Sandra O Gollnick
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | | | - Andrei V Gudkov
- Everon Biosciences, Inc., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.,Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and its related precursors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2018; 31:160-166. [PMID: 29232252 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current review discusses the biology and metabolism of the essential pyridine nucleotide nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in the central nervous system. We also review recent work suggesting important neuroprotective effects that may be associated with the promotion of NAD+ levels through NAD+ precursors against Alzheimer's disease. RECENT FINDINGS Perturbations in the physiological homoeostatic state of the brain during the ageing process can lead to impaired cellular function, and ultimately leads to loss of brain integrity and accelerates cognitive and memory decline. Increased oxidative stress has been shown to impair normal cellular bioenergetics and enhance the depletion of the essential nucleotides NAD+ and ATP. NAD+ and its precursors have been shown to improve cellular homoeostasis based on association with dietary requirements, and treatment and management of several inflammatory and metabolic diseases in vivo. Cellular NAD+ pools have been shown to be reduced in the ageing brain, and treatment with NAD+ precursors has been hypothesized to restore these levels and attenuate disruption in cellular bioenergetics. SUMMARY NAD+ and its precursors may represent an important therapeutic strategy to maintain optimal cellular homoeostatic functions in the brain. NAD+ precursors are available in a variety of foods and may be translated to the clinic in the form of supplements.
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Identification and expression patterns of adipokine genes during adipocyte differentiation in the Tibetan goat ( Capra hircus ). Gene 2018; 643:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Wang P, Miao CY. NAMPT as a Therapeutic Target against Stroke. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:891-905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ha CH, Swearingin B, Jeon YK. Relationship of visfatin level to pancreatic endocrine hormone level, HOMA-IR index, and HOMA β-cell index in overweight women who performed hydraulic resistance exercise. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:2965-9. [PMID: 26504336 PMCID: PMC4616137 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.2965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study aimed to examine the correlation of visfatin level to pancreatic
endocrine hormone level, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)
index, and HOMA β-cell index in hydraulic resistance exercise. Furthermore, it
investigated the relationship between visfatin level and other variables affected by
exercise in overweight women. [Subjects and Methods] The exercise group trained for 12
weeks, 70 minutes/day, 5 days/week. Visfatin level, pancreatic endocrine hormone level,
HOMA-IR index, and HOMA β-cell index were measured before and after the intervention.
Based on the blood insulin and glucose concentrations, HOMA-IR index, the indicator of
insulin resistance, and HOMA β-cell index, the indicator of insulin secretion level, were
assessed. [Results] Interaction effects on visfatin level, insulin level, HOMA-IR index,
and HOMA β-cell index were observed. Interaction effects on glucagon and glucose levels
were not observed between the intervention groups. The correlations of visfatin level to
insulin, glucagon, and glucose levels, and HOMA-IR and HOMA β-cell indexes were not
significant for any of the subjects. [Conclusion] Therefore, the 12-week resistance
exercise affected body composition, visfatin level, insulin level, HOMA-IR index, and HOMA
β-cell index. Finally, visfatin was not related to insulin, glucagon, and glucose levels,
and HOMA-IR and HOMA β-cell indexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ho Ha
- Department of Human Performance and Leisure Studies, North Carolina A&T State University, USA
| | | | - Yong Kyun Jeon
- Department of Physical Education, Dankook University, Republic of Korea
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Romacho T, Elsen M, Röhrborn D, Eckel J. Adipose tissue and its role in organ crosstalk. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 210:733-53. [PMID: 24495317 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of adipokines has revealed adipose tissue as a central node in the interorgan crosstalk network, which mediates the regulation of multiple organs and tissues. Adipose tissue is a true endocrine organ that produces and secretes a wide range of mediators regulating adipose tissue function in an auto-/paracrine manner and important distant targets, such as the liver, skeletal muscle, the pancreas and the cardiovascular system. In metabolic disorders such as obesity, enlargement of adipocytes leads to adipose tissue dysfunction and a shift in the secretory profile with an increased release of pro-inflammatory adipokines. Adipose tissue dysfunction has a central role in the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Besides the well-acknowledged role of adipokines in metabolic diseases, and the increasing number of adipokines being discovered in the last years, the mechanisms underlying the release of many adipokines from adipose tissue remain largely unknown. To combat metabolic diseases, it is crucial to better understand how adipokines can modulate adipose tissue growth and function. Therefore, we will focus on adipokines with a prominent role in auto-/paracrine crosstalk within the adipose tissue such as RBP4, HO-1, WISP2, SFRPs and chemerin. To depict the endocrine crosstalk between adipose tissue with skeletal muscle, the cardiovascular system and the pancreas, we will report the main findings regarding the direct effects of adiponectin, leptin, DPP4 and visfatin on skeletal muscle insulin resistance, cardiovascular function and β-cell growth and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Romacho
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology; German Diabetes Center; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - M. Elsen
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology; German Diabetes Center; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - D. Röhrborn
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology; German Diabetes Center; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - J. Eckel
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology; German Diabetes Center; Düsseldorf Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.); Düsseldorf Germany
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Quantitative profiling of the rat heart myoblast secretome reveals differential responses to hypoxia and re-oxygenation stress. J Proteomics 2014; 98:138-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Fiuza-Luces C, Garatachea N, Berger NA, Lucia A. Exercise is the real polypill. Physiology (Bethesda) 2014; 28:330-58. [PMID: 23997192 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00019.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of a "polypill" is receiving growing attention to prevent cardiovascular disease. Yet similar if not overall higher benefits are achievable with regular exercise, a drug-free intervention for which our genome has been haped over evolution. Compared with drugs, exercise is available at low cost and relatively free of adverse effects. We summarize epidemiological evidence on the preventive/therapeutic benefits of exercise and on the main biological mediators involved.
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Xu TY, Guo LL, Wang P, Song J, Le YY, Viollet B, Miao CY. Chronic exposure to nicotine enhances insulin sensitivity through α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-STAT3 pathway. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51217. [PMID: 23251458 PMCID: PMC3520975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to investigate the effect of nicotine on insulin sensitivity and explore the underlying mechanisms. Treatment of Sprague-Dawley rats with nicotine (3 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks reduced 43% body weight gain and 65% blood insulin level, but had no effect on blood glucose level. Both insulin tolerance test and glucose tolerance test demonstrated that nicotine treatment enhanced insulin sensitivity. Pretreatment of rats with hexamethonium (20 mg/kg/day) to antagonize peripheral nicotinic receptors except for α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) had no effect on the insulin sensitizing effect of nicotine. However, the insulin sensitizing effect but not the bodyweight reducing effect of nicotine was abrogated in α7-nAChR knockout mice. Further, chronic treatment with PNU-282987 (0.53 mg/kg/day), a selective α7-nAChR agonist, significantly enhanced insulin sensitivity without apparently modifying bodyweight not only in normal mice but also in AMP-activated kinase-α2 knockout mice, an animal model of insulin resistance with no sign of inflammation. Moreover, PNU-282987 treatment enhanced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and liver in normal mice. PNU-282987 treatment also increased glucose uptake by 25% in C2C12 myotubes and this effect was total abrogated by STAT3 inhibitor, S3I-201. All together, these findings demonstrated that nicotine enhanced insulin sensitivity in animals with or without insulin resistance, at least in part via stimulating α7-nAChR-STAT3 pathway independent of inflammation. Our results contribute not only to the understanding of the pharmacological effects of nicotine, but also to the identifying of new therapeutic targets against insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Ling Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Ying Le
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR8104), Paris, France
- Inserm, U567, Paris, France
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Li ZY, Wang P, Miao CY. Adipokines in inflammation, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2012; 38:888-96. [PMID: 21910745 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05602.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
1. Obesity is a major determinant of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies in the past two decades have shown that adipose tissue is not merely an inert energy reserve of triglycerides, but also an active endocrine organ. 2. Adipose tissue can produce and secrete numerous bioactive peptides and/or proteins termed adipokines. These secretory factors are involved in the regulation of local and systemic inflammation and insulin sensitivity in a paracrine and/or endocrine manner. Inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) play critical roles in the obesity-linked development of CVD, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and restenosis. 3. In the present minireview, we summarize the relationship between inflammation and IR, as well as their contribution to the development of CVD during adipose tissue dysfunction. In particular, we focus on the effects of various adipokines in pathological processes, which may provide an insight into obesity-linked CVD and facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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El Shamieh S, Ndiaye NC, Stathopoulou MG, Murray HA, Masson C, Lamont JV, Fitzgerald P, Benetos A, Visvikis-Siest S. Functional epistatic interaction between rs6046G>A in F7 and rs5355C>T in SELE modifies systolic blood pressure levels. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40777. [PMID: 22815813 PMCID: PMC3399862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although numerous genetic studies have been performed, only 0.9% of blood pressure phenotypic variance has been elucidated. This phenomenon could be partially due to epistatic interactions. Our aim was to identify epistatic interaction(s) associated with blood pressure levels in a pre-planned two-phase approach. Methods and Results In a discovery cohort composed of 3,600 French individuals, we found rs6046A allele in F7 associated with decreased blood pressure levels (P≤3.7×10−3) and rs5355T allele in SELE associated with decreased diastolic blood pressure levels (P = 5×10−3). Both variants interacted in order to influence blood pressure levels (P≤0.048). This interaction was replicated with systolic blood pressure in 4,620 additional European individuals (P = 0.03). Similarly, in this replication cohort, rs6046A was associated with decreased blood pressure levels (P≤8.5×10−4). Furthermore, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a subsample of 90 supposed healthy individuals, we found rs6046A positively associated with NAMPT mRNA levels (P≤9.1×10−5), suggesting an eventual involvement of NAMPT expression in blood pressure regulation. Confirming this hypothesis, further transcriptomic analyses showed that increased NAMPT mRNA levels were positively correlated with ICAM1, SELL, FPR1, DEFA1-3, and LL-37 genes expression (P≤5×10−3). The last two mRNA levels were positively associated with systolic blood pressure levels (P≤0.01) and explained 4% of its phenotypic variation. Conclusion These findings reveal the importance of epistatic interactions in blood pressure genetics and give new insights for the role of inflammation in its complex regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said El Shamieh
- Université de Lorraine, “Génétique Cardio-vasculaire”, EA-4373, Nancy, France
| | - Ndeye Coumba Ndiaye
- Université de Lorraine, “Génétique Cardio-vasculaire”, EA-4373, Nancy, France
| | | | | | - Christine Masson
- Université de Lorraine, “Génétique Cardio-vasculaire”, EA-4373, Nancy, France
| | - John V. Lamont
- Randox Laboratories Ltd, Crumlin, Antrim, United Kingdom
| | | | - Athanase Benetos
- INSERM U961, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- CHU Nancy, Brabois, Service de Gériatrie, Nancy, France
| | - Sophie Visvikis-Siest
- Université de Lorraine, “Génétique Cardio-vasculaire”, EA-4373, Nancy, France
- CHU Nancy, Brabois, Service de Gériatrie, Nancy, France
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase is the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide from nicotinamide. This protein was originally cloned as a putative pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor and also found to be a visceral fat-derived adipokine (visfatin). As a multifunctional protein, visfatin plays an important role in immunity, metabolism, aging, inflammation, and responses to stress. Visfatin also participates in several pathophysiological processes contributing to cardio-cerebro-vascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, and ischemic stroke. However, whether visfatin is a friend or a foe in these diseases remains uncertain. This brief review focuses on the current understanding of the complex role of visfatin in the cardio-cerebro-vascular system under normal and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Gunes F, Akbal E, Cakir E, Akyurek O, Altunbas M, Ozbek M. Visfatin may be a novel marker for identifying stages of essential hypertension in advanced age patients. Intern Med 2012; 51:553-7. [PMID: 22449661 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.51.6609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Visfatin is a peptide that is secreted from visceral fat. It has been reported to be associated with inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. However, little is known about its function in hypertension. Therefore the aim of the present study was to evaluate visfatin levels in patients with hypertension. METHODS We studied forty-six newly diagnosed hypertensive patients and 30 healthy participants. In accordance with blood pressure levels reported in the JNC 7 guidelines, hypertensive patients were divided into 2 groups: stage 1 and stage 2. The control group was divided into 2 groups: normal and prehypertensive. Blood pressure (BP) measurements were obtained from each patient. Serum lipid profile, glucose and visfatin levels were measured. RESULTS The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), BMI, waist circumference were significantly higher in the patient group than those in control subjects (p<0.05). The mean visfatin level was significantly higher in hypertensive patients. In the prehypertensive group, the serum visfatin levels were also significantly higher than in participants with normal blood pressure (p:0.043). There was a significantly positive correlation with visfatin and systolic BP, diastolic BP. CONCLUSION We consider that visfatin may be a marker which may be used to illustrate damage even in prehypertensive stage caused by isolated essential HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahri Gunes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
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