1
|
Chen H, Cui L, Chen S, Liu R, Pan X, Zhou F, Xing Y. Comparable dynamic cerebral autoregulation and neurovascular coupling of the posterior cerebral artery between healthy men and women. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14584. [PMID: 38421125 PMCID: PMC10851316 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Most studies focus on dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA), and few studies investigated neurovascular coupling (NVC) and dCA in the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). We investigated NVC and dCA of the PCA in healthy volunteers to identify sex differences. METHODS Thirty men and 30 age-matched women completed dCA and NCV assessments. The cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) and mean arterial pressure were evaluated using transcranial Doppler ultrasound and a servo-controlled plethysmograph, respectively. The dCA parameters were analyzed using transfer function analysis. The NCV was evaluated by eyes-open and eyes-closed (24 s each) periodically based on voice prompts. The eyes-open visual stimulation comprised silent reading of Beijing-related tourist information. RESULTS The PCA gain was lower than that of the MCA in all frequency ranges (all p < 0.05). Phase was consistent across the cerebrovascular territories. The cerebrovascular conductance index (CVCi) and mean CBFV (MV) of the PCA were significantly higher during the eyes-open than eyes-closed period (CVCi: 0.50 ± 0.12 vs. 0.38 ± 0.10; MV: 42.89 ± 8.49 vs. 32.98 ± 7.25, both p < 0.001). The PCA dCA and NVC were similar between the sexes. CONCLUSION We assessed two major mechanisms that maintain cerebral hemodynamic stability in healthy men and women. The visual stimulation-evoked CBFV of the PCA was significantly increased compared to that during rest, confirming the activation of NVC. Men and women have similar functions in PCA dCA and NCV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiu Chen
- Department of Vascular UltrasonographyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Diagnostic Center of Vascular UltrasoundBeijingChina
- Center of Vascular Ultrasonography, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Liuping Cui
- Department of Vascular UltrasonographyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Diagnostic Center of Vascular UltrasoundBeijingChina
- Center of Vascular Ultrasonography, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Songwei Chen
- Department of Vascular UltrasonographyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Diagnostic Center of Vascular UltrasoundBeijingChina
- Center of Vascular Ultrasonography, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Vascular UltrasonographyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Diagnostic Center of Vascular UltrasoundBeijingChina
- Center of Vascular Ultrasonography, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xijuan Pan
- Department of Vascular UltrasonographyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Diagnostic Center of Vascular UltrasoundBeijingChina
- Center of Vascular Ultrasonography, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Fubo Zhou
- Department of Vascular UltrasonographyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Diagnostic Center of Vascular UltrasoundBeijingChina
- Center of Vascular Ultrasonography, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yingqi Xing
- Department of Vascular UltrasonographyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Diagnostic Center of Vascular UltrasoundBeijingChina
- Center of Vascular Ultrasonography, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kennedy CM, Burma JS, Newel KT, Brassard P, Smirl JD. Time course recovery of cerebral blood velocity metrics post aerobic exercise: A systematic review. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:471-489. [PMID: 35708702 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00630.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the standard approach for restricting exercise prior to cerebrovascular data collection varies widely between 6-24 hours. This universally employed practice is a conservative approach to safeguard physiological alterations that could potentially confound one's study design. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to amalgamate the literature that examines the extent and duration cerebrovascular function is impacted following aerobic exercise measured via transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Further, an exploratory aim was to scrutinize and discuss common biases/limitations in the previous studies to help guide future investigations. Search strategies were developed and imported into PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Medline databases. A total of 595 records were screened and 35 articles met the inclusion criteria in this review, which included assessments of basic cerebrovascular metrics (n=35), dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA; n=9), neurovascular coupling (NVC; n=2); and/or cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR-CO2; n=1) following acute bouts of aerobic exercise. Across all studies, it was found NVC was impacted for 1-hour, basic cerebrovascular parameters and CVR-CO2 parameters 2-hours, and dCA metrics 6-hours post-exercise. Therefore, future studies can provide participants with these evidence-based time restrictions, regarding the minimum time to abstain from exercise prior to data collection. However, it should be noted, other physiological mechanisms could still be altered (e.g., metabolic, hormonal, and/or autonomic influences), despite cerebrovascular function returning to baseline levels. Thus, future investigations should seek to control for as many physiological influences when employing cerebrovascular assessments, immediately following these time restraints. The main limitations/biases were lack of female participants, cardiorespiratory fitness, and consideration for vessel diameter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Kennedy
- Cerebrovascular Concussion Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Integrated Concussion Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joel S Burma
- Cerebrovascular Concussion Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Integrated Concussion Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kailey T Newel
- Cerebrovascular Concussion Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Faculty of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Patrice Brassard
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Research center of the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Jonathan David Smirl
- Cerebrovascular Concussion Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Integrated Concussion Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Perry BG, Lucas SJE. The Acute Cardiorespiratory and Cerebrovascular Response to Resistance Exercise. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2021; 7:36. [PMID: 34046740 PMCID: PMC8160070 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00314-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Resistance exercise (RE) is a popular modality for the general population and athletes alike, due to the numerous benefits of regular participation. The acute response to dynamic RE is characterised by temporary and bidirectional physiological extremes, not typically seen in continuous aerobic exercise (e.g. cycling) and headlined by phasic perturbations in blood pressure that challenge cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation. Cerebral autoregulation has been heavily scrutinised over the last decade with new data challenging the effectiveness of this intrinsic flow regulating mechanism, particularly to abrupt changes in blood pressure over the course of seconds (i.e. dynamic cerebral autoregulation), like those observed during RE. Acutely, RE can challenge CBF regulation, resulting in adverse responses (e.g. syncope). Compared with aerobic exercise, RE is relatively understudied, particularly high-intensity dynamic RE with a concurrent Valsalva manoeuvre (VM). However, the VM alone challenges CBF regulation and generates additional complexity when trying to dissociate the mechanisms underpinning the circulatory response to RE. Given the disparate circulatory response between aerobic and RE, primarily the blood pressure profiles, regulation of CBF is ostensibly different. In this review, we summarise current literature and highlight the acute physiological responses to RE, with a focus on the cerebral circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blake G Perry
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Samuel J E Lucas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences & Centre for Human Brain Health, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Burma JS, Macaulay A, Copeland PV, Khatra O, Bouliane KJ, Smirl JD. Temporal evolution of neurovascular coupling recovery following moderate- and high-intensity exercise. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14695. [PMID: 33463899 PMCID: PMC7814491 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies examining neurovascular coupling (NVC) require participants to refrain from exercise for 12-24 hours. However, there is a paucity of empirical evidence for this restriction. The objectives for this study were to delineate the time-course recovery of NVC metrics following exercise and establish the NVC within- and between-day reliability. METHODS Nine participants completed a complex visual search paradigm to assess NVC via transcranial Doppler ultrasound of the posterior cerebral artery blood velocity (PCA). Measurements were performed prior to and throughout the 8-hour recovery period following three randomized conditions: 45 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise (at 50% heart-rate reserve), 30 minutes high-intensity intervals (10, 1-minute intervals at 85% heart-rate reserve), and control (30 minutes quiet rest). In each condition, baseline measures were collected at 8:00am with serial follow-ups at hours zero, one, two, four, six, and eight. RESULTS Area-under-the-curve and time-to-peak PCA velocity during the visual search were attenuated at hour zero following high-intensity intervals (all p < 0.05); however, these NVC metrics recovered at hour one (all p > 0.13). Conversely, baseline PCA velocity, peak PCA velocity, and the relative percent increase were not different following high-intensity intervals compared to baseline (all p > 0.26). No NVC metrics differed from baseline following both moderate exercise and control conditions (all p > 0.24). The majority of the NVC parameters demonstrated high levels of reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: >0.90). CONCLUSION Future NVC assessments can take place a minimum of one hour following exercise. Moreover, all metrics did not change across the control condition, therefore future studies using this methodology can reliably quantify NVC between 8:00am and 7:00 pm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel S. Burma
- Concussion Research LaboratoryFaculty of Health and Exercise ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaKelownaBCCanada
- Sport Injury Prevention Research CentreFaculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
- Human Performance LaboratoryFaculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
- Hotchkiss Brain InstituteUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research InstituteUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of AlbertaUniversity of CalgaryABCanada
| | - Alannah Macaulay
- Concussion Research LaboratoryFaculty of Health and Exercise ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaKelownaBCCanada
- School of Health Sciences, Nuclear MedicineBritish Columbia Institute of TechnologyBurnabyBCCanada
| | - Paige V. Copeland
- Concussion Research LaboratoryFaculty of Health and Exercise ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaKelownaBCCanada
| | - Omeet Khatra
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Kevin J. Bouliane
- Concussion Research LaboratoryFaculty of Health and Exercise ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaKelownaBCCanada
| | - Jonathan D. Smirl
- Concussion Research LaboratoryFaculty of Health and Exercise ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaKelownaBCCanada
- Sport Injury Prevention Research CentreFaculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
- Human Performance LaboratoryFaculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
- Hotchkiss Brain InstituteUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research InstituteUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of AlbertaUniversity of CalgaryABCanada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Samora M, Vianna LC, Carmo JC, Macedo V, Dawes M, Phillips AA, Paton JFR, Fisher JP. Neurovascular coupling is not influenced by lower body negative pressure in humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H22-H31. [PMID: 32442032 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00076.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral blood flow is tightly coupled with local neuronal activation and metabolism, i.e., neurovascular coupling (NVC). Studies suggest a role of sympathetic nervous system in the regulation of cerebral blood flow. However, this is controversial, and the sympathetic regulation of NVC in humans remains unclear. Since impaired NVC has been identified in several chronic diseases associated with a heightened sympathetic activity, we aimed to determine whether reflex-mediated sympathetic activation via lower body negative pressure (LBNP) attenuates NVC in humans. NVC was assessed using a visual stimulation protocol (5 cycles of 30 s eyes closed and 30 s of reading) in 11 healthy participants (aged 24 ± 3 yr). NVC assessments were made under control conditions and during LBNP at -20 and -40 mmHg. Posterior (PCA) and middle (MCA) cerebral artery mean blood velocity (Vmean) and vertebral artery blood flow (VAflow) were simultaneously determined with cardiorespiratory variables. Under control conditions, the visual stimulation evoked a robust increase in PCAVmean (∆18.0 ± 4.5%), a moderate rise in VAflow (∆9.6 ± 4.3%), and a modest increase in MCAVmean (∆3.0 ± 1.9%). The magnitude of NVC response was not affected by mild-to-moderate LBNP (all P > 0.05 for repeated-measures ANOVA). Given the small change that occurred in partial pressure of end-tidal CO2 during LBNP, this hypocapnia condition was matched via voluntary hyperventilation in absence of LBNP in a subgroup of participants (n = 8). The mild hypocapnia during LBNP did not exert a confounding influence on the NVC response. These findings indicate that the NVC is not influenced by LBNP or mild hypocapnia in humans.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Visual stimulation evoked a robust increase in posterior cerebral artery velocity and a modest increase in vertebral artery blood flow, i.e., neurovascular coupling (NVC), which was unaffected by lower body negative pressure (LBNP) in humans. In addition, although LBNP induced a mild hypocapnia, this degree of hypocapnia in the absence of LBNP failed to modify the NVC response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Samora
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,NeuroV̇ASQ̇-Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Lauro C Vianna
- NeuroV̇ASQ̇-Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Jake C Carmo
- Biomechanics and Biological Signal Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Victor Macedo
- Biomechanics and Biological Signal Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Matthew Dawes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Aaron A Phillips
- Departments of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Clinical Neurosciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Julian F R Paton
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James P Fisher
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Curtelin D, Morales-Alamo D, Torres-Peralta R, Rasmussen P, Martin-Rincon M, Perez-Valera M, Siebenmann C, Pérez-Suárez I, Cherouveim E, Sheel AW, Lundby C, Calbet JA. Cerebral blood flow, frontal lobe oxygenation and intra-arterial blood pressure during sprint exercise in normoxia and severe acute hypoxia in humans. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:136-150. [PMID: 28186430 PMCID: PMC5757439 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17691986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is regulated to secure brain O2 delivery while simultaneously avoiding hyperperfusion; however, both requisites may conflict during sprint exercise. To determine whether brain O2 delivery or CBF is prioritized, young men performed sprint exercise in normoxia and hypoxia (PIO2 = 73 mmHg). During the sprints, cardiac output increased to ∼22 L min-1, mean arterial pressure to ∼131 mmHg and peak systolic blood pressure ranged between 200 and 304 mmHg. Middle-cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) increased to peak values (∼16%) after 7.5 s and decreased to pre-exercise values towards the end of the sprint. When the sprints in normoxia were preceded by a reduced PETCO2, CBF and frontal lobe oxygenation decreased in parallel ( r = 0.93, P < 0.01). In hypoxia, MCAv was increased by 25%, due to a 26% greater vascular conductance, despite 4-6 mmHg lower PaCO2 in hypoxia than normoxia. This vasodilation fully accounted for the 22 % lower CaO2 in hypoxia, leading to a similar brain O2 delivery during the sprints regardless of PIO2. In conclusion, when a conflict exists between preserving brain O2 delivery or restraining CBF to avoid potential damage by an elevated perfusion pressure, the priority is given to brain O2 delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Curtelin
- 1 Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.,2 Emergency Medicine Department, Insular Universitary Hospital of Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - David Morales-Alamo
- 1 Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.,3 Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Rafael Torres-Peralta
- 1 Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.,3 Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Peter Rasmussen
- 4 Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcos Martin-Rincon
- 1 Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.,3 Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Mario Perez-Valera
- 1 Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.,3 Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Christoph Siebenmann
- 4 Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ismael Pérez-Suárez
- 1 Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.,3 Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Evgenia Cherouveim
- 5 Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A William Sheel
- 6 School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Carsten Lundby
- 4 Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - José Al Calbet
- 1 Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.,3 Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nishijima T, Torres-Aleman I, Soya H. Exercise and cerebrovascular plasticity. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2016; 225:243-68. [PMID: 27130419 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging impairs cerebrovascular plasticity and subsequently leads cerebral hypoperfusion, which synergistically accelerates aging-associated cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases associated with impaired neuronal plasticity. On the other hand, over two decades of researches have successfully demonstrated that exercise, or higher level of physical activity, is a powerful and nonpharmacological approach to improve brain function. Most of the studies have focused on the neuronal aspects and found that exercise triggers improvements in neuronal plasticity, such as neurogenesis; however, exercise can improve cerebrovascular plasticity as well. In this chapter, to understand these beneficial effects of exercise on the cerebral vasculature, we first discuss the issue of changes in cerebral blood flow and its regulation during acute bouts of exercise. Then, how regular exercise improves cerebrovascular plasticity will be discussed. In addition, to shed light on the importance of understanding interactions between the neuron and cerebral vasculature, we describe neuronal activity-driven uptake of circulating IGF-I into the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Nishijima
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | - H Soya
- University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Exhaustive exercise attenuates the neurovascular coupling by blunting the pressor response to visual stimulation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:671063. [PMID: 25866801 PMCID: PMC4383341 DOI: 10.1155/2015/671063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling (NVC) is assessed as an increase response to visual stimulation, and is monitored by blood flow of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). To investigate whether exhaustive exercise modifies NVC, and more specifically, the relative contributions of vasodilatation in the downstream of PCA and the pressor response on NVC, we measured blood flow velocity in the PCA (PCAv) in 13 males using transcranial Doppler ultrasound flowmetry during a leg-cycle exercise at 75% of maximal heart rate until exhaustion. NVC was estimated as the relative change in PCAv from the mean value obtained during 20-s with the eyes closed to the peak value obtained during 40-s of visual stimulation involving looking at a reversed checkerboard. Conductance index (CI) was calculated by dividing PCAv by mean arterial pressure (MAP) to evaluate the vasodilatation. At exhaustion, PCAv was significantly decreased relative to baseline measurements, and the PCAv response to visual stimulation significantly decreased. Compared to baseline, exhaustive exercise significantly suppressed the increase in MAP to visual stimulation, while the CI response did not significantly change by the exercise. These results suggest that exhaustive exercise attenuates the magnitude of NVC by blunting the pressor response to visual stimulation.
Collapse
|
9
|
Effects of vasodilatation and pressor response on neurovascular coupling during dynamic exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 115:619-25. [PMID: 25399314 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-014-3049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Visual stimulation increases the blood flow in the posterior cerebral artery (PCA), which supplies blood to the visual cortex by neurovascular coupling (NVC). Relative contributions of vasodilatation and pressor response on NVC during dynamic exercise are still unknown. METHODS We measured the blood flow velocity in the PCA (PCAv) by transcranial Doppler ultrasound flowmetry during rest and exercise in 14 healthy males while they performed 12-min submaximal leg-cycle exercises at mild-, moderate-, and high-intensity, which corresponded to heart rates of 120, 140, and 160 bpm, respectively. NVC was estimated as the relative change in PCAv from 20 s eye-closing to the peak response during 40 s looking at a reversed checkerboard. Conductance index was calculated for evaluating vasodilatation as pressure divided by blood flow. RESULTS In response to visual stimulation, a magnitude of vasodilatation was significantly decreased under the moderate-intensity, while pressor response was significantly suppressed under the high-intensity exercises, compared with the control condition. Conversely, peak response to visual stimulation in PCAv was not affected by exercise intensity though relative and absolute responses were significantly lower in the moderate- and high-intensity exercises than the control. CONCLUSION It is suggested that the contributions of pressor response and vasodilatation were modified by exercise intensity, partly playing a role for stabilizing the peak response of PCAv with visual stimulation during dynamic exercise.
Collapse
|