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Jiang ZH, Wang JS, Wang JL, Zheng JF, Li XL, Yang ZC, Xu MQ, Zhang YL, Wang Y. Hydrogen attenuates ischaemia-reperfusion injury in skeletal muscles post-limb replantation by activating the NRF2/HO-1 signalling pathway to reduce BAX expression. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37018. [PMID: 39309900 PMCID: PMC11414507 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a critical complication post-limb replantation. The oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis due to IRI considerably hinder the healing process. This study aimed to investigate the modulatory effects of pre-perfusion with hydrogen-rich heparin sodium on the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/haeme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway and its potential mechanisms in mitigating skeletal muscle IRI post-limb replantation. Methods Forty healthy Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) were classified into five groups (n = 8 each): normal control, IRI + heparin sodium pre-perfusion (heparin group), IRI + hydrogen-rich heparin sodium pre-perfusion (hydrogen-rich heparin group), IRI + hydrogen-rich heparin sodium pre-perfusion + NRF2 inhibitor (hydrogen-rich heparin + all-trans retinoic acid [ATRA] group), and IRI + heparin sodium pre-perfusion + NRF2 inhibitor (heparin + ATRA group). The activation of the NRF2/HO-1 pathway in skeletal muscle IRI was evaluated based on HO-1 expression using western blotting and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, haematoxylin and eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy were employed to determine the histopathological characteristics. Additionally, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde levels in skeletal muscle tissue were measured to assess antioxidant capacity and the degree of oxidative stress damage. Tissue hypoxia was assessed based on hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha expression, whereas apoptosis markers BCL-2-associated X protein (BAX) and Caspase-3 in skeletal muscle tissues were analysed using western blotting with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling staining to quantify cell apoptosis. Results Compared with the control group, the heparin group exhibited significant pathological changes, including inflammatory infiltration and cellular hypertrophy, with increased apoptosis and oxidative stress. Notably, NRF2 suppression aggravated these effects. However, hydrogen-rich heparin sodium prominently activated the NRF2/HO-1 pathway, enhancing antioxidant defence and reducing BAX/Caspase-3-mediated apoptosis, thereby mitigating IRI-induced damage. The use of an NRF2 inhibitor to inhibit NRF2 excitation by hydrogen-rich heparin sodium notably weakened NRF2 activation and the antioxidant response, resulting in a substantial increase in cellular apoptosis. Conclusion Pre-perfusion with hydrogen-rich heparin sodium markedly diminishes the BAX/Caspase-3-mediated apoptotic pathway in skeletal muscle tissues with IRI through the excitation of the NRF2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- zi-hao Jiang
- Department of Emergency, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - jun-sheng Wang
- Department of Emergency, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - jin-ling Wang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - jiang-fan Zheng
- Department of Emergency, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - xiao-ling Li
- Department of Emergency, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - zhi-cheng Yang
- Department of Emergency, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - meng-qiu Xu
- Department of Emergency, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - yong-li Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - yu Wang
- Department of Emergency, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Koltai T, Fliegel L. Dichloroacetate for Cancer Treatment: Some Facts and Many Doubts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:744. [PMID: 38931411 PMCID: PMC11206832 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rarely has a chemical elicited as much controversy as dichloroacetate (DCA). DCA was initially considered a dangerous toxic industrial waste product, then a potential treatment for lactic acidosis. However, the main controversies started in 2008 when DCA was found to have anti-cancer effects on experimental animals. These publications showed contradictory results in vivo and in vitro such that a thorough consideration of this compound's in cancer is merited. Despite 50 years of experimentation, DCA's future in therapeutics is uncertain. Without adequate clinical trials and health authorities' approval, DCA has been introduced in off-label cancer treatments in alternative medicine clinics in Canada, Germany, and other European countries. The lack of well-planned clinical trials and its use by people without medical training has discouraged consideration by the scientific community. There are few thorough clinical studies of DCA, and many publications are individual case reports. Case reports of DCA's benefits against cancer have been increasing recently. Furthermore, it has been shown that DCA synergizes with conventional treatments and other repurposable drugs. Beyond the classic DCA target, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, new target molecules have also been recently discovered. These findings have renewed interest in DCA. This paper explores whether existing evidence justifies further research on DCA for cancer treatment and it explores the role DCA may play in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Koltai
- Hospital del Centro Gallego de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 2199, Argentina
| | - Larry Fliegel
- Department of Biochemistry, University Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada;
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Wang L, Umezawa K. Cellular Signal Transductions and Their Inhibitors Derived from Deep-Sea Organisms. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19040205. [PMID: 33916424 PMCID: PMC8065634 DOI: 10.3390/md19040205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Not only physiological phenomena but also pathological phenomena can now be explained by the change of signal transduction in the cells of specific tissues. Commonly used cellular signal transductions are limited. They consist of the protein-tyrosine kinase dependent or independent Ras-ERK pathway, and the PI3K-Akt, JAK-STAT, SMAD, and NF-κB-activation pathways. In addition, biodegradation systems, such as the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and autophagy, are also important for physiological and pathological conditions. If we can control signaling for each by a low-molecular-weight agent, it would be possible to treat diseases in new ways. At present, such cell signaling inhibitors are mainly looked for in plants, soil microorganisms, and the chemical library. The screening of bioactive metabolites from deep-sea organisms should be valuable because of the high incidence of finding novel compounds. Although it is still an emerging field, there are many successful examples, with new cell signaling inhibitors. In this review, we would like to explain the current view of the cell signaling systems important in diseases, and show the inhibitors found from deep-sea organisms, with their structures and biological activities. These inhibitors are possible candidates for anti-inflammatory agents, modulators of metabolic syndromes, antimicrobial agents, and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Kazuo Umezawa
- Molecular Target Medicine, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-561-611-959
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Liu W, Song Y, Zhang C, Gao P, Huang B, Yang J. The protective role of all-transretinoic acid (ATRA) against colorectal cancer development is achieved via increasing miR-3666 expression and decreasing E2F7 expression. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:94-101. [PMID: 29772445 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. This study aimed to investigate whether miR-3666 was involved in inhibitory effects of all-transretinoic acid (ATRA) on the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Surgical specimens of CRC tissues and adjacent non-tumor mucosa were collected for determining miR-3666 expression. Human CRC HCT116 cells were treated with different doses of ATRA (10, 20, 40, and 60 μM, respectively) and/or transfected with miR-3666 mimic, miR-3666 inhibitor, E2F7 siRNAs or their controls, respectively. After different treatments, cell viability, apoptosis, migration and invasion were detected. The regulatory relationship between miR-3666 and E2F7 was investigated. Furthermore, the association between MAPK/ERK pathway and ATRA or miR-3666/E2F7 was explored. RESULTS The miR-3666 was lowly expressed in CRC tissues, while E2F7 was highly expressed. ATRA decreased HCT116 cell viability, migration, and invasion, and induced apoptosis, indicating that ATRA inhibited the malignant behaviors of HCT116 cells. Moreover, ATRA increased miR-3666 expression, and effects of ATRA on the malignant behaviors of HCT116 cells were achieved by positive regulating miR-3666 expression. Furthermore, E2F7 was a target gene of miR-3666, and knockdown of E2F7 reversed the combined effects of ATRA and miR-3666 inhibitor on the malignant behaviors of HCT116 cells. Besides, ATRA inhibited the activation of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, which was reversed by inhibition of miR-3666. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that ATRA protects against CRC development possible via increasing miR-3666 expression and decreasing E2F7 expression. MiR-3666/E2F7 may play a key role in regulating the inhibitory effects of ATRA on HCT116 cells via suppressing the activation of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical Research and Development, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China; The Libraries of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671003, China
| | - Yanqiu Song
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical Research and Development, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Chenggui Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical Research and Development, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Pengfei Gao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical Research and Development, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Bisheng Huang
- Department of Agriculture and biological Science, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671003, China
| | - Jianfang Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical Research and Development, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China; School of Foreign Languages, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671003, China.
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Wang Y, Gu X, Deng H, Geng D, Sun H, Wang C. Anti-tumor activities of macromolecular fractions of fresh gecko in vivo and their induction of Bel-7402 cell differentiation. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Hu L, Lv JF, Zhuo W, Zhang CM, Zhou HH, Fan L. Effect of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase on all-trans-retinoic acid efficacy and cytochrome P450 26A1 expression in human myeloid leukaemia HL-60 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:1193-202. [PMID: 27366899 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), a naturally occurring metabolite of vitamin A, has been shown to have great potential as an antitumorigenic drug to treat acute leukaemia by promoting cancer cell differentiation. Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) is the only obligate electron donor for all of the microsomal cytochrome P450 enzymes including CYP26A1 which is highly specific for ATRA metabolism and efficacy in human myeloid leukaemia cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of POR on ATRA efficacy and CYP26A1 expression in human myeloid leukaemia HL-60 cells. METHODS Stably expressed POR and POR-RNAi HL-60 cell lines were established by transfecting POR overexpression or RNAi (RNA interference) vectors mediated by lentivirus. The protein expression of POR and CYP26A1 was examined by Western blot. The potential roles of POR on ATRA efficacy in HL-60 cells were explored by cell viability assay, cell cycle distribution, cellular differentiation and apoptosis analysis. KEY FINDINGS All-trans-retinoic acid treatment caused the expression of POR upregulation and CYP26A1 downregulation in dose- and time-dependent manners. POR overexpression decreased CYP26A1 expression in HL-60 cells. When POR gene was interfered, the downregulation of CYP26A1 expression by ATRA was abolished. In addition, POR overexpression in HL-60 cells significantly compromised ATRA-induced cell proliferation inhibition, cell cycle arrest, differentiation and apoptosis, whereas downregulation of POR significantly potentiated ATRA effects. CONCLUSIONS Our study therefore suggested that POR played an important role in regulating ATRA efficacy and CYP26A1 expression in HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin-Feng Lv
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhuo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cong-Min Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lan Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Wang YX, Gu XX, Geng D, Sun HY, Wang CM, Jiang GX, Hou XN, Ma CH. Differentiation of bel-7402 human hepatocarcinoma cells induced by aqueous extracts of fresh gecko (AG) and its anti-tumor activity in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:1583-1588. [PMID: 25093547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gecko, a kind of reptile, has been widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat various diseases including cancer in China for thousands of years. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-tumor effect of AG (aqueous extracts of fresh gecko) on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell Bel-7402 in vitro and mouse H22 hepatocellular in vivo. Further to underlie the molecular mechanism of AG inducing the differentiation of Bel-7402 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS AG was obtained by water extracting method and qualitatively analyzed through High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The total protein concentration of AG was measured by BCA (bicinchoninic acid disodium) assay. The anti-tumor activities in vivo were analyzed through H22 (mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cell line H22) tumor xenografts mice. The cytotoxic activity of AG on Bel-7402 cells was evaluated by MTT assays. AFP (alpha fetoprotein) was detected by radioimmunoassay. ALB (albumin), ALP (alkaline phosphatase) and γ-GT (γ-glutamyl transpeptidase) were detected by biochemical methods with commercial kits. While morphological changes were observed through an inverted microscope. Moreover, the expression level of the proteins involved in MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signal pathway which was closely related to cellular differentiation was assessed by Western blot. RESULTS AG showed obviously anti-tumor activity in vivo and anti-proliferative activity on Bel-7402 cells in vitro both dose-dependently. The number of clones of Bel-7402 cells treated with AG reduced and the cells were displaying differentiation state such as relatively bigger size and dispersed growth. The biochemical function markers of the cells were significantly changed after being treated with AG. The data showed that AFP secretion of the cells decreased 42.5%, ALB secretion increased 58.9%, the activity of ALP and γ-GT markedly decreased 67.0% and 48.5% separately when the concentration of AG was 10μl/ml, and those effects were all in a dose-dependent manner. The major original and phosphorylated signal proteins (ERK1/2 (extracellular sigal-regualted kinase 1/2), P38 (p38 MAPK) and JNK1/2 (c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2)) involved in MAPK signal pathway were measured and the results showed that AG activated the ERK1/2 of Bel-7402 cells. CONCLUSIONS AG has anti-tumor activity in vivo and inhibits Bel-7402 cell proliferation in vitro through inducing cell differentiation, and the mechanism involves the activation of ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xia Wang
- Department of Biological Pharmaceutics, School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Xiang-Xiang Gu
- Department of Biological Pharmaceutics, School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Di Geng
- Department of Biological Pharmaceutics, School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Hua-Ying Sun
- Department of Biological Pharmaceutics, School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Chun-Mei Wang
- Department of Biological Pharmaceutics, School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Gui-Xiang Jiang
- Department of Biological Pharmaceutics, School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Xin-Nan Hou
- Department of Biological Pharmaceutics, School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Chang-Hua Ma
- Department of Biological Pharmaceutics, School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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