1
|
Dinić M, Burgess JL, Lukić J, Catanuto P, Radojević D, Marjanović J, Verpile R, Thaller SR, Gonzalez T, Golić N, Strahinić I, Tomic-Canic M, Pastar I. Postbiotic lactobacilli induce cutaneous antimicrobial response and restore the barrier to inhibit the intracellular invasion of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and ex vivo. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23801. [PMID: 39018106 PMCID: PMC11258854 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400054rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus contribute to the non-healing phenotype of chronic wounds. Lactobacilli, well known as beneficial bacteria, are also reported to modulate the immune system, yet their role in cutaneous immunity remains largely unknown. We explored the therapeutic potential of bacteria-free postbiotics, bioactive lysates of lactobacilli, to reduce intracellular S. aureus colonization and promote healing. Fourteen postbiotics derived from various lactobacilli species were screened, and Latilactobacillus curvatus BGMK2-41 was selected for further analysis based on the most efficient ability to reduce intracellular infection by S. aureus diabetic foot ulcer clinical isolate and S. aureus USA300. Treatment of both infected keratinocytes in vitro and infected human skin ex vivo with BGMK2-41 postbiotic cleared S. aureus. Keratinocytes treated in vitro with BGMK2-41 upregulated expression of antimicrobial response genes, of which DEFB4, ANG, and RNASE7 were also found upregulated in treated ex vivo human skin together with CAMP exclusively upregulated ex vivo. Furthermore, BGMK2-41 postbiotic treatment has a multifaceted impact on the wound healing process. Treatment of keratinocytes stimulated cell migration and the expression of tight junction proteins, while in ex vivo human skin BGMK2-41 increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, promoted re-epithelialization, and restored the epidermal barrier via upregulation of tight junction proteins. Together, this provides a potential therapeutic approach for persistent intracellular S. aureus infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Dinić
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jamie L. Burgess
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami FL, USA
| | - Jovanka Lukić
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Paola Catanuto
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dušan Radojević
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Marjanović
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rebecca Verpile
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Seth R. Thaller
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tammy Gonzalez
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nataša Golić
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Strahinić
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami FL, USA
| | - Irena Pastar
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sinha A, Khosla S. Epigenetic landscape of intestinal cell line HT29 cocultured with Lacticaseibacillus. Epigenomics 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39072448 DOI: 10.1080/17501911.2024.2377949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the changes in epigenetic landscape of HT29 cells upon coculture with the Lacticaseibacillus. Materials & methods: Histone and m6A mRNA modifications were examined by biochemical and NGS-based methods including western blotting, colorimetric assays, ChIP-Seq and direct mRNA sequencing. LC-MS was performed to identify Lacticaseibacillus secretome. Results: In cocultured HT29 cells global enrichment of H3K9ac and H3K4me3 and depletion of H3K9me3 mark was observed; mean genic positional signals showed depletion of H3K9ac and H3K4me3 at the TSS but enrichment in the upstream region; m6A methylation was altered in mRNAs corresponding to specific gene pathways; Lacticaseibacillus HU protein interacts with histone H3. Conclusion: Lacticaseibacillus can epigenetically alter specific genetic pathways in human intestinal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anunay Sinha
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics, Hyderabad, 500039, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036,India
| | - Sanjeev Khosla
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics, Hyderabad, 500039, India
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036,India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Whitmore M, Tobin I, Burkardt A, Zhang G. Nutritional Modulation of Host Defense Peptide Synthesis: A Novel Host-Directed Antimicrobial Therapeutic Strategy? Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100277. [PMID: 39053604 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance underscores the imperative for innovative therapeutic strategies. Host defense peptides (HDPs), integral components of innate immunity, exhibit profound antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. Various dietary compounds, such as short-chain fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, sugars, amino acids, phytochemicals, bile acids, probiotics, and prebiotics have been identified to enhance the synthesis of endogenous HDPs without provoking inflammatory response or compromising barrier integrity. Additionally, different classes of these compounds synergize in augmenting HDP synthesis and disease resistance. Moreover, dietary supplementation of several HDP-inducing compounds or their combinations have demonstrated robust protection in rodents, rabbits, pigs, cattle, and chickens from experimental infections. However, the efficacy of these compounds in inducing HDP synthesis varies considerably among distinct compounds. Additionally, the regulation of HDP genes occurs in a gene-specific, cell type-specific, and species-specific manner. In this comprehensive review, we systematically summarized the modulation of HDP synthesis and the mechanism of action attributed to each major class of dietary compounds, including their synergistic combinations, across a spectrum of animal species including humans. We argue that the ability to enhance innate immunity and barrier function without triggering inflammation or microbial resistance positions the nutritional modulation of endogenous HDP synthesis as a promising host-directed approach for mitigating infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance. These HDP-inducing compounds, particularly in combinations, harbor substantial clinical potential for further exploration in antimicrobial therapies for both human and other animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Whitmore
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Isabel Tobin
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Amanda Burkardt
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mutli E, Mändar R, Koort K, Salumets A, Team EBR, Laisk T. Genome-wide association study in Estonia reveals importance of vaginal epithelium associated genes in case of recurrent vaginitis. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 162:104216. [PMID: 38377669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Recurrent vaginitis is a leading reason for visiting a gynaecologist, with bacterial vaginosis (BV) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) being the most common diagnoses. Reasons and mechanisms behind their recurrent nature are poorly understood. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to find possible genetic risk factors for recurrent vaginitis using data from a large population-based biobank, the Estonian Biobank. The study included 6870 cases (at least two episodes of vaginitis) and 5945 controls (no vaginitis episodes). GWAS approach included single marker and gene-based analyses, followed by functional annotation of associated variants and candidate gene mapping.In single marker analysis, one statistically significant (P = 7.8 × 10-9) variant rs1036732378 was identified on chromosome 10. The gene-based association analysis identified one gene, KRT6A, that exceeded the recommended significance threshold (P = 2.6 × 10-6). This is a member of the keratin protein family and is expressed during differentiation in epithelial tissues.Functional mapping and annotation of genetic associations by using adjusted significance level identified 22 potential risk loci that may be associated with recurrent vaginitis phenotype. Comparison of our results with previous studies provided nominal support for LBP (associated with immune response to vaginal bacteria) and PRKCH genes (possible role in keratinocyte differentiation and susceptibility to candidiasis).In conclusion, this study is the first highlighting a potential role of the vaginal epithelium in recurrent vaginitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelin Mutli
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Reet Mändar
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Kairi Koort
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Andres Salumets
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Triin Laisk
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Whitmore MA, Li H, Lyu W, Khanam S, Zhang G. Epigenetic Regulation of Host Defense Peptide Synthesis: Synergy Between Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors and DNA/Histone Methyltransferase Inhibitors. Front Immunol 2022; 13:874706. [PMID: 35529861 PMCID: PMC9074817 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.874706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) are an integral part of the innate immune system acting as the first line of defense. Modulation of HDP synthesis has emerged as a promising host-directed approach to fight against infections. Inhibition of histone deacetylation or DNA methylation is known to enhance HDP gene expression. In this study, we explored a possible synergy in HDP gene induction between histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) and DNA/histone methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi/HMTi). Two chicken macrophage cell lines were treated with structurally distinct HDACi, HMTi, or DNMTi individually or in combinations, followed by HDP gene expression analysis. Each epigenetic compound was found to be capable of inducing HDP expression. To our surprise, a combination of HDACi and HMTi or HDACi and DNMTi showed a strong synergy to induce the expressions of most HDP genes. The HDP-inducing synergy between butyrate, an HDACi, and BIX01294, an HMTi, were further verified in chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, tight junction proteins such as claudin 1 were also synergistically induced by HDACi and HMTi. Overall, we conclude that HDP genes are regulated by epigenetic modifications. Strategies to increase histone acetylation while reducing DNA or histone methylation exert a synergistic effect on HDP induction and, therefore, have potential for the control and prevention of infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A. Whitmore
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wentao Lyu
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sharmily Khanam
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- *Correspondence: Guolong Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rajeev R, Dwivedi AP, Sinha A, Agarwaal V, Dev RR, Kar A, Khosla S. Epigenetic interaction of microbes with their mammalian hosts. J Biosci 2021. [PMID: 34728591 PMCID: PMC8550911 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-021-00215-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of microbiota with its host has the ability to alter the cellular functions of both, through several mechanisms. Recent work, from many laboratories including our own, has shown that epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in the alteration of these cellular functions. Epigenetics broadly refers to change in the phenotype without a corresponding change in the DNA sequence. This change is usually brought by epigenetic modifications of the DNA itself, the histone proteins associated with the DNA in the chromatin, non-coding RNA or the modifications of the transcribed RNA. These modifications, also known as epigenetic code, do not change the DNA sequence but alter the expression level of specific genes. Microorganisms seem to have learned how to modify the host epigenetic code and modulate the host transcriptome in their favour. In this review, we explore the literature that describes the epigenetic interaction of bacteria, fungi and viruses, with their mammalian hosts.
Collapse
|
7
|
Rajeev R, Dwivedi AP, Sinha A, Agarwaal V, Dev RR, Kar A, Khosla S. Epigenetic interaction of microbes with their mammalian hosts. J Biosci 2021; 46:94. [PMID: 34728591 PMCID: PMC8550911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of microbiota with its host has the ability to alter the cellular functions of both, through several mechanisms. Recent work, from many laboratories including our own, has shown that epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in the alteration of these cellular functions. Epigenetics broadly refers to change in the phenotype without a corresponding change in the DNA sequence. This change is usually brought by epigenetic modifications of the DNA itself, the histone proteins associated with the DNA in the chromatin, non-coding RNA or the modifications of the transcribed RNA. These modifications, also known as epigenetic code, do not change the DNA sequence but alter the expression level of specific genes. Microorganisms seem to have learned how to modify the host epigenetic code and modulate the host transcriptome in their favour. In this review, we explore the literature that describes the epigenetic interaction of bacteria, fungi and viruses, with their mammalian hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramisetti Rajeev
- grid.145749.a0000 0004 1767 2735Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India ,grid.411639.80000 0001 0571 5193Graduate Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Ambey Prasad Dwivedi
- grid.145749.a0000 0004 1767 2735Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India ,grid.411639.80000 0001 0571 5193Graduate Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Anunay Sinha
- grid.145749.a0000 0004 1767 2735Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India ,grid.502122.60000 0004 1774 5631Graduate Studies, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, India
| | - Viplove Agarwaal
- grid.145749.a0000 0004 1767 2735Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India
| | - Rachana Roshan Dev
- grid.145749.a0000 0004 1767 2735Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India
| | - Anjana Kar
- grid.145749.a0000 0004 1767 2735Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sanjeev Khosla
- grid.145749.a0000 0004 1767 2735Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India ,grid.417641.10000 0004 0504 3165Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTech), Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Linhares IM, Sisti G, Minis E, de Freitas GB, Moron AF, Witkin SS. Contribution of Epithelial Cells to Defense Mechanisms in the Human Vagina. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2019; 21:30. [PMID: 31367983 DOI: 10.1007/s11908-019-0686-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The vaginal milieu in women differs from that of other mammals, including non-human primates, in composition of secretions, the endogenous microbiota, and level of acidity. These changes apparently reflect evolutionary variations that maximized productive responses to a uniquely human vaginal environment. This review will highlight recent findings on properties of human vaginal epithelial cells that contribute to maintenance of a healthy vaginal environment. RECENT FINDINGS Vaginal epithelial cells are responsive to the composition of the vaginal microbiome even in women who are in apparently good health and do not exhibit any adverse physical symptoms. This is especially important during pregnancy when immune defenses are modified and an effective epithelial cell-derived anti-microbial activity is essential to prevent the migration to the uterus of bacteria potentially harmful to pregnancy progression. When Lactobacillus crispatus numerically predominates in the vagina, epithelial cell activity is low. Conversely, predominance of Lactobacillus iners, Gardnerella vaginalis, or other non-Lactobacilli evokes production and release of a large variety of compounds to minimize the potentially negative consequences of an altered microbiome. The extent of autophagy in vaginal epithelial cells, a basic process that functions to maintain intracellular homeostasis and engulf microbial invaders, is also sensitive to the external microbial environment Vaginal epithelial cells bind and release norepinephrine and upregulate their anti-microbial activity in response to external stress. Vaginal epithelial cells in women are responsive to local conditions that are unique to humans and, thereby, contribute to maintenance of a healthy milieu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iara M Linhares
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Giovanni Sisti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Evelyn Minis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Gabriela B de Freitas
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio F Moron
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Obstetrics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Steven S Witkin
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Probiotic lactobacilli mediated changes in global epigenetic signatures of human intestinal epithelial cells during Escherichia coli challenge. ANN MICROBIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-019-01451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
10
|
Witkin SS, Nasioudis D, Leizer J, Minis E, Boester A, Forney LJ. Epigenetics and the vaginal microbiome: influence of the microbiota on the histone deacetylase level in vaginal epithelial cells from pregnant women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 71:171-175. [PMID: 30318873 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4784.18.04322-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone deacetylase (HDAC) influences the acetylation status of histones at gene promotor loci, providing an epigenetic mechanism that regulates gene expression. METHODS We determined if variations in the composition of the vaginal microbiome in pregnant women were associated with alterations in the level of HDAC1 in vaginal epithelial cells and whether this influenced the concentration of compounds present in vaginal fluid. Vaginal epithelial cells were obtained from 150 women in their first trimester of pregnancy, lysed and assayed for HDAC1 by ELISA. Composition of the vaginal microbiome was determined by classification of sequences amplified from the V1-V3 region of bacterial ribosomal 16S rRNA genes. Vaginal secretions were assayed for total protein, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, the 70kDa heat shock protein (hsp70) and the D- and L-lactic acid isomers. RESULTS Lactobacilli were numerically dominant in 119 (79.3%) of the women, with Lactobacillus crispatus being the most prevalent (45.3% of women). Gardnerella was the most prevalent non-Lactobacillus species (10.7% of women). The median HDAC1 level in epithelial cells was 6.1 ng/mL when lactobacilli predominated vs. 20.5 ng/mL when non-lactobacilli were dominant (P=0.0039). Levels were lowest when L. crispatus was dominant (3.8 ng/mL) and highest with Streptococcus dominance (38.1 ng/mL). The concentration of HDAC1 was negatively correlated with the D-lactic acid level (P=0.0183) and positively correlated with concentrations of MMP-8 and hsp70 (P<0.0001) in the vaginal fluid. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the composition of the vaginal microbiome and level of D-lactic acid, by influencing the HDAC1 level in vaginal epithelial cells, may epigenetically contribute to variations in the concentration of compounds in vaginal fluid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven S Witkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA -
| | - Dimitrios Nasioudis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie Leizer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evelyn Minis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allison Boester
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Larry J Forney
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Álvarez ÁH, Martínez Velázquez M, Prado Montes de Oca E. Human β-defensin 1 update: Potential clinical applications of the restless warrior. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 104:133-137. [PMID: 30236992 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Human β-defensin 1 (hBD-1) is a multifaceted antimicrobial peptide being a tumour suppressor and, depending on call of duty, capable of inducing self-nets and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to capture and/or kill bacteria, participates in inflammatory responses in chronic diseases including hBD-3 upregulation and also capable of up/downregulation in the presence of certain species of Lactobacillus sp. Thus, is regulated by host microbiota. Alleles, genotypes and/or altered gene expression of its coding gene, DEFB1, have been associated with several human diseases/conditions ranging from metabolic/chronic (e.g. cancer), infectious (e.g. tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS), inflammatory (gastrointestinal diseases), male infertility and more recently, neurologic (e.g. depression and Alzheimer) and autoimmune diseases (e.g. vitiligo and systemic lupus erythematosus). The present update focuses on novel DEFB1/hBD-1 properties and biomarker features, its biological function and the pharmaceutical potential uses of antimicrobial peptide elicitors (APEs) or the engineered peptide in the treatment of hBD-1-related human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ángel H Álvarez
- Personalized Medicine National Laboratory (LAMPER), Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Research Center of Technology and Design Assistance of Jalisco State (CIATEJ), National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT), Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Moisés Martínez Velázquez
- Personalized Medicine National Laboratory (LAMPER), Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Research Center of Technology and Design Assistance of Jalisco State (CIATEJ), National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT), Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Prado Montes de Oca
- Personalized Medicine National Laboratory (LAMPER), Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Research Center of Technology and Design Assistance of Jalisco State (CIATEJ), National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT), Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|