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Yadav MK, Tiwari SK. Mechanism of Cell-Killing Activity of Plantaricin LD1 Against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04927-1. [PMID: 38526659 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04927-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Plantaricin LD1 was purified from a potential probiotic strain, Lactobacillus plantarum LD1 previously isolated from indigenous food, Dosa. In this study, we have performed a detailed mechanism of action of plantaricin LD1 against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 considering Micrococcus luteus MTCC 106 as control. The plantaricin LD1 showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 34.57 µg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 138.3 µg/mL against M. luteus MTCC 106, whereas MIC 69.15 µg/mL and MBC 276.6 µg/mL were found against E. coli ATCC 25922. The efflux of potassium ions, dissipation of membrane potential (∆ψ), and transmembrane pH gradient (∆pH) of plantaricin LD1-treated cells suggested the membrane-acting nature of plantaricin LD1. Plantaricin LD1 also caused degradation of the genomic DNA of the target strains tested. The cell killing was confirmed by staining with propidium iodide and visualized under light and electron microscopes. The bacteriocin-treated cells were found to be ruptured, swollen, and elongated. Thus, the findings indicate plantaricin LD1 kills E. coli ATCC 25922 by interacting with the cell membrane resulting in the efflux of intracellular contents and also causing degradation of nucleic acids leading to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
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Polydiacetylene vesicles acting as colorimetric sensor for the detection of plantaricin LD1. Anal Biochem 2021; 631:114368. [PMID: 34499898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of antimicrobial peptides with membrane lipids plays a major role in numerous physiological processes. In this study, polydiacetylene (PDA) vesicles were synthesized using 10, 12-tricosadiynoic acid (TRCDA) and 1, 2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC). These vesicles were applied as artificial membrane biosensor for the detection of plantaricin LD1 purified from Lactobacillus plantarum LD1. Plantaricin LD1 (200 μg/mL) was able to interact with PDA vesicles by changing the color from blue to red with colorimetric response 30.26 ± 0.59. Nisin (200 μg/mL), used as control, also changed the color of the vesicles with CR% 50.56 ± 0.98 validating the assay. The vesicles treated with nisin and plantaricin LD1 showed increased infrared absorbance at 1411.46 and 1000-1150 cm-1 indicated the interaction of bacteriocins with phospholipids and fatty acids, respectively suggesting membrane-acting nature of these bacteriocins. Further, microscopic observation of bacteriocin-treated vesicles showed several damages indicating the interaction of bacteriocins. These findings suggest that the PDA vesicles may be used as bio-mimetic sensor for the detection of bacteriocins produced by several probiotics in food and therapeutic applications.
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Lu W, Pei Z, Zang M, Lee YK, Zhao J, Chen W, Wang H, Zhang H. Comparative Genomic Analysis of Bifidobacterium bifidum Strains Isolated from Different Niches. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101504. [PMID: 34680899 PMCID: PMC8535415 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential probiotic benefits of Bifidobacterium bifidum have received increasing attention recently. We used comparative genomic analysis to explore the differences in the genome and the physiological characteristics of B. bifidum isolated from the fecal samples of Chinese adults and infants. The relationships between genotypes and phenotypes were analyzed to assess the effects of isolation sources on the genetic variation of B. bifidum. The phylogenetic tree results indicated that the phylogeny of B. bifidum may be related to the geographical features of its isolation source. B. bifidum was found to have an open pan-genome and a conserved core genome. The genetic diversity of B. bifidum is mainly reflected in carbohydrate metabolism- and immune/competition-related factors, such as the glycoside hydrolase gene family, bacteriocin operons, antibiotic resistance genes, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas. Additionally, the type III A CRISPR-Cas system was discovered in B. bifidum for the first time. B. bifidum strains exhibited niche-specific characteristics, and the results of this study provide an improved understanding of the genetics of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (W.L.); (Z.P.); (M.Z.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhangming Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (W.L.); (Z.P.); (M.Z.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mengning Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (W.L.); (Z.P.); (M.Z.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuan-kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore;
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (W.L.); (Z.P.); (M.Z.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (W.L.); (Z.P.); (M.Z.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (W.L.); (Z.P.); (M.Z.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-510-85-197-239 (H.W. & H.Z.); Fax: +86-510-85-197-239 (H.W. & H.Z.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (W.L.); (Z.P.); (M.Z.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-510-85-197-239 (H.W. & H.Z.); Fax: +86-510-85-197-239 (H.W. & H.Z.)
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Lakshmanan R, Kalaimurugan D, Sivasankar P, Arokiyaraj S, Venkatesan S. Identification and characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa derived bacteriocin for industrial applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:2412-2418. [PMID: 33132130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance has become a major threat due to the frequent use of commercial antibiotics and there is an urgent need to combat this problem. Having this in mind, the present research was aimed at developing a novel P. aeruginosa puBac bacteriocin molecule. The bacteriocin was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by Sepharose FF and Sephadex G15 column purification and the purified bacteriocin has been reported to have the molar mass of 43 kDa. The findings of the optimization showed that 3500 AU/mL of bacteriocin was obtained at 37 °C, 3410 AU/mL of bacteriocin at 6.5 pH and 3780 AU/mL of bacteriocin at 48 h of incubation time. In addition, 3863 AU/mL of bacteriocin activity was obtained with Tween-80 followed by 3789 AU/mL with a concentration of 2% NaCl and 4200 AU/mL for Fe2+. PuBac bacteriocin has been shown to have a significant effect on test pathogens. For example, E. coli was found to have 3.6 μM of MIC, followed by Staphylococcus sp. with 6.15 μM of MIC and Bacillus sp. with a 7.5 μM of MIC. The remarkable properties of bacteriocin suggest that it could be used in various pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Lakshmanan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dharman Kalaimurugan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palaniappan Sivasankar
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Republic of Korea
| | - Srinivasan Venkatesan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem 636011, Tamil Nadu, India.
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