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Xu W, Lv Z, Guo Q, Deng Z, Yang C, Cao Z, Li Y, Huang C, Wu Z, Chen S, He Y, Sun J, Liu Y, Gan L. Selective Antagonism of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici against Vibrio and Aeromonas in the Bacterial Community of Artemia nauplii. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0053323. [PMID: 37428079 PMCID: PMC10434253 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00533-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Empiric probiotics are commonly consumed by healthy individuals as a means of disease prevention, pathogen control, etc. However, controversy has existed for a long time regarding the safety and benefits of probiotics. Here, two candidate probiotics, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici, which are antagonistic to Vibrio and Aeromonas species in vitro, were tested on Artemia under in vivo conditions. In the bacterial community of Artemia nauplii, L. plantarum reduced the abundance of the genera Vibrio and Aeromonas and P. acidilactici significantly increased the abundance of Vibrio species in a positive dosage-dependent manner, while higher and lower dosages of P. acidilactici increased and decreased the abundance of the genus Aeromonas, respectively. Based on the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of the metabolite of L. plantarum and P. acidilactici, pyruvic acid was used in an in vitro test to explain such selective antagonism; the results showed that pyruvic acid was conducive or suppressive to V. parahaemolyticus and beneficial to A. hydrophila. Collectively, the results of this study demonstrate the selective antagonism of probiotics on the bacterial community composition of aquatic organisms and the associated pathogens. IMPORTANCE Over the last decade, the common preventive method for controlling potential pathogens in aquaculture has been the use of probiotics. However, the mechanisms of probiotics are complicated and mostly undefined. At present, less attention has been paid to the potential risks of probiotic use in aquaculture. Here, we investigated the effects of two candidate probiotics, L. plantarum and P. acidilactici, on the bacterial community of Artemia nauplii and the in vitro interactions between these two candidate probiotics and two pathogens, Vibrio and Aeromonas species. The results demonstrated the selective antagonism of probiotics on the bacterial community composition of an aquatic organism and its associated pathogens. This research contributes to providing a basis and reference for the long-term rational use of probiotics and to reducing the inappropriate use of probiotics in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Xu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Linnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaolin Lv
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Linnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingqi Guo
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Linnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaojie Deng
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Linnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Canmin Yang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Linnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaozhao Cao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Linnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Linnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuifen Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Linnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zizhan Wu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Linnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijun Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Linnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhui He
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Linnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jijia Sun
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Linnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiying Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Linnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian Gan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Linnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Dhanasiri AKS, Jaramillo-Torres A, Chikwati EM, Forberg T, Krogdahl Å, Kortner TM. Effects of dietary supplementation with prebiotics and Pediococcus acidilactici on gut health, transcriptome, microbiota, and metabolome in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) after seawater transfer. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:10. [PMID: 36774518 PMCID: PMC9921345 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00228-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the importance of gut microbiota for health, growth and performance of the host, the aquaculture industry has taken measures to develop functional fish feeds aiming at modulating gut microbiota and inducing the anticipated beneficial effects. However, present understanding of the impact of such functional feeds on the fish is limited. The study reported herein was conducted to gain knowledge on performance and gut health characteristics in post-smolt Atlantic salmon fed diets varying in content of functional ingredients. Three experimental diets, a diet containing fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), a diet with a combination of FOS and Pediococcus acidilactici (BC) and a diet containing galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and BC, were used in a 10-weeks feeding trial. A commercial diet without functional ingredients was also included as a control/reference. Samples of blood plasma, mucosa and digesta were subjected to microbiota, transcriptome and metabolome profiling for evaluation of the diet effects. RESULTS No significant growth differences were observed between fish fed the supplemented diets, but FOS-BC fed fish showed significantly faster growth than the control fed fish. The microbiota results showed that the BC was present in both the digesta, and the mucosa samples of fish fed the FOS-BC and GOS-BC diets. Digesta-associated microbiota was altered, while mucosa-associated microbiota was relatively unaffected by diet. Replacing FOS with GOS increased the level of metabolites linked to phospholipid, fatty acid, carnitine and sphingolipid metabolism. Variation in metabolite levels between the treatments closely correlated with genera mainly belonging to Firmicutes and Actinobacteria phyla. The transcriptome analyses indicated diet effects of exchanging FOS with GOS on immune functions, oxidative defense and stress responses. No significant diet effect was observed on intestinal inflammation in the pyloric caeca or in the distal intestine, or on lipid accumulation in the pyloric caeca. CONCLUSIONS Dietary supplementation with BC induced moderate effects on the microbiota of the digesta, while the effects of replacing FOS with GOS were more marked and was observed also for nutrient metabolism. Our data indicates therefore that the quality of a prebiotic may be of great importance for the effects of a probiotic on gut microbiota, function, and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha K. S. Dhanasiri
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XDepartment of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Alexander Jaramillo-Torres
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XDepartment of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Elvis M. Chikwati
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XDepartment of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | | | - Åshild Krogdahl
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XDepartment of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Trond M. Kortner
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XDepartment of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
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Puri P, Sharma JG, Singh R. Biotherapeutic microbial supplementation for ameliorating fish health: developing trends in probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics use in finfish aquaculture. Anim Health Res Rev 2022; 23:113-135. [PMID: 36597760 DOI: 10.1017/s1466252321000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition demands in aquaculture can be realized through quality aquafeeds as compounded diets that contribute to the growth and health of aquaculture species. Functional additives in feed, notably probiotics, prebiotics, and their admixture synbiotics, have been recently recognized for their biotherapeutic role as immunostimulants capable of conferring disease resistance, stress tolerance, and gastrointestinal health; counteracting the negative effects of anti-nutrients, pathogenic prevalence, and antimicrobials in finfish aquaculture. Formulated diets based on probiotics, prebiotics, and as a supplemental combination for synbiotics can significantly influence fish gut microbiomes, establishing the modalities of microbial dynamics to maximize host-associated benefits. These microbial functional-feed supplements are acclaimed to be biocompatible, biodegradable, and safe for dietary consumption as well as the environment. In fed fish aquaculture, prebiotic appended probiotic diet 'synbiotic' has propounded larger attention for its additional health and nutritional benefits. Synbiotic, prebiotic, and probiotic usage as functional feeds for finfish aquaculture thus provides promising prospects. Developing trends in their intended application are reviewed here forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Puri
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
- Department of Zoology, Sri Aurobindo College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Jai Gopal Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Ram Singh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
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High-efficiency genome editing based on endogenous CRISPR-Cas system enhances cell growth and lactic acid production in Pediococcus acidilactici. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0094821. [PMID: 34347520 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00948-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediococcus acidilactici is commonly used for pediocin production and lactic acid fermentation. However, high-efficiency genome editing tool is unavailable for this species. In this study, we constructed the endogenous subtype II-A CRISPR-Cas system-based genome interference plasmids which carried a "Repeat-Spacer-Repeat" cassette in the pMG36e shuttle vector. These plasmids exhibited self-interference activities in P. acidilactici LA412. Then, the genome-editing plasmids were constructed by cloning the upstream/downstream donor DNA into the corresponding interference plasmids to exert high-efficiency markerless gene deletion, gene integration, and point mutation in P. acidilactici LA412. We found that endogenous CRISPR-mediated depletion of the native plasmids enhanced the cell growth, and integration of a L-lactate dehydrogenase gene into the chromosome both enhanced cell growth and lactic acid production. IMPORTANCE A rapid and precise genome editing tool will promote the practical application of Pediococcus acidilactici, one type of lactic acid bacteria with excellent stress tolerance and probiotic characteristics. This study established a high-efficiency endogenous CRISPR-Cas system-based genome editing tool for P. acidilactici and achieved different genetic manipulations, including gene deletion, gene insertion, mononucleotide mutation, and endogenous plasmid depletion. The engineered strain edited by this tool showed significant advantages in cell growth and lactic acid fermentation. Therefore, our tool can satisfy the requirements for genetic manipulations of P. acidilactici, thus making it a sophisticated chassis species for synthetic biology and bioindustry.
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Akbari H, Shekrabi SPH, Soltani M, Mehrgan MS. Effects of Potential Probiotic Enterococcus casseliflavus (EC-001) on Growth Performance, Immunity, and Resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila Infection in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1316-1325. [PMID: 33721202 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09771-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of different levels of dietary Enterococcus casseliflavus (EC-001), as a potential probiotic, were investigated on the growth performance, hemato-biochemical parameters, immune responses, and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings. Accordingly, fish (N = 720; 12.0 ± 0.5 g) were distributed into four treatments receiving different dietary levels of E. casseliflavus, EC-001 (0 [control], 1 × 107, 108, and 109 CFU g-1 feed), for 8 weeks. The fish fed with a diet containing 109 CFU g-1 showed the highest weight gain and specific growth rate, along with the lowest feed conversion ratio, compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Red and white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, neutrophils, and monocytes significantly increased in the fish fed with 1 × 108 and 109 CFU g-1 (P < 0.05). Dietary inclusion of 1 × 108 and 109 CFU g-1 significantly increased serum total protein, albumin, and immunoglobulin content (P < 0.05). Feeding the fish with 1 × 109 CFU g-1 resulted in a significant increase in serum and skin mucus lysozyme activity compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). Complement component 3 and skin mucus protease activity were also significantly higher in all the fish treated with dietary E. casseliflavus (EC-001) compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The cumulative mortality in the treated fish was lower (ranging from 10 to 22%) than the control group (31%) after challenging the fish with A. hydrophila infection, while the fish fed with E. casseliflavus (EC-001) at 1 × 109 CFU g-1 exhibited the lowest mortality rate (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results revealed the potential probiotic effects of E. casseliflavus (EC-001) for enhancing growth performance, immunity, and disease resistance of common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Akbari
- Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Soltani
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Freshwater Fish Group and Fish Health Unit, Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, Australia
| | - Mehdi Shamsaie Mehrgan
- Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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