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Saeed H, Padmesh S, Singh A, Nandy A, Singh SP, Deshwal RK. Impact of veterinary pharmaceuticals on environment and their mitigation through microbial bioremediation. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1396116. [PMID: 39040911 PMCID: PMC11262132 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1396116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Veterinary medications are constantly being used for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases in livestock. However, untreated veterinary drug active compounds are interminably discharged into numerous water bodies and terrestrial ecosystems, during production procedures, improper disposal of empty containers, unused medication or animal feed, and treatment procedures. This exhaustive review describes the different pathways through which veterinary medications enter the environment, discussing the role of agricultural practices and improper disposal methods. The detrimental effects of veterinary drug compounds on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are elaborated with examples of specific veterinary drugs and their known impacts. This review also aims to detail the mechanisms by which microbes degrade veterinary drug compounds as well as highlighting successful case studies and recent advancements in microbe-based bioremediation. It also elaborates on microbial electrochemical technologies as an eco-friendly solution for removing pharmaceutical pollutants from wastewater. Lastly, we have summarized potential innovations and challenges in implementing bioremediation on a large scale under the section prospects and advancements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Saeed
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Sudhakar Padmesh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Aditi Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Abhishek Nandy
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Sujit Pratap Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Ravi K. Deshwal
- Faculty of Biosciences, Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, India
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Rodriguez C, Ramlaoui D, Gasca B, Azis A, Leal C, Lopez C, Merzcord V, McManus KS, Jo J, Cazorla SI, Subils T, Tuttobene MR, Salzameda NT, Bonomo RA, Actis LA, Raya R, Ramirez MS. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL 2244 secreted metabolites display killing and antibiotic synergistic activity against multi-drug resistant pathogens. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306273. [PMID: 38941324 PMCID: PMC11213291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
A growing increase in the number of serious infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria (MDR) is challenging our society. Despite efforts to discover novel therapeutic options, few antibiotics targeting MDR have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Lactic acid bacteria have emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative due to their demonstrated ability to combat MDR pathogens in vitro. Our previous co-culture studies showed Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL 2244 as having a potent killing effect against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) strains. Here we report that cell-free conditioned media (CFCM) samples obtained from Lcb. rhamnosus CRL 2244 cultures incubated at different times display antimicrobial activity against 43 different pathogens, including CRAB, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and carbapenemase Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC)-positive strains. Furthermore, transwell and ultrafiltration analyses together with physical and chemical/biochemical tests showed that Lcb. rhamnosus CRL 2244 secretes a <3 kDa metabolite(s) whose antimicrobial activity is not significantly impaired by mild changes in pH, temperature and various enzymatic treatments. Furthermore, sensitivity and time-kill assays showed that the bactericidal activity of the Lcb. rhamnosus CRL 2244 metabolite(s) enhances the activity of some current FDA approved antibiotics. We hypothesize that this observation could be due to the effects of Lcb. rhamnosus CRL 2244 metabolite(s) on cell morphology and the enhanced transcriptional expression of genes coding for the phenylacetate (PAA) and histidine catabolic Hut pathways, metal acquisition and biofilm formation, all of which are associated with bacterial virulence. Interestingly, the extracellular presence of Lcb. rhamnosus CRL 2244 induced the transcription of the gene coding for the CidA/LgrA protein, which is involved in programmed cell death in some bacteria. Overall, the findings presented in this report underscore the promising potential of the compound(s) released by Lcb. rhamnosus CRL2244 as an alternative and/or complementary option to treat infections caused by A. baumannii as well as other MDR bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Rodriguez
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), CONICET, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Dema Ramlaoui
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton (CSUF) Fullerton, CA, United States of America
| | - Briea Gasca
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton (CSUF) Fullerton, CA, United States of America
| | - Adiba Azis
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton (CSUF) Fullerton, CA, United States of America
| | - Camila Leal
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), CONICET, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Christina Lopez
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton (CSUF) Fullerton, CA, United States of America
| | - Vyanka Merzcord
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton (CSUF) Fullerton, CA, United States of America
| | - Kirsten S. McManus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, CSUF, Fullerton, CA, United States of America
| | - Jasmin Jo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, CSUF, Fullerton, CA, United States of America
| | - Silvia I. Cazorla
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), CONICET, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Tomás Subils
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos de Rosario (IPROBYQ, CONICET-UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Marisel R. Tuttobene
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET-UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Nicholas T. Salzameda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, CSUF, Fullerton, CA, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Bonomo
- Research Service and GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Biochemistry, Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES), Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Luis A. Actis
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States of America
| | - Raúl Raya
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), CONICET, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Ramirez
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton (CSUF) Fullerton, CA, United States of America
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Abbasi Z, Ghasemi SM, Ahmadi Y, Shokri D. Isolation and Identification of Effective Probiotics on Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Strains and Their Biofilms. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2024; 2024:8570521. [PMID: 38440403 PMCID: PMC10911883 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8570521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to identify, assess, and isolate strong lactobacilli demonstrating broad antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity against drug-resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii. Additionally, the mechanism of inhibition of these organisms was to be determined. Methods Over a 6-month period (from December 2021 to June 2022), 53 clinical A. baumannii strains were collected from clinical samples. Twenty probiotic strains were isolated from local dairy products. Antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus strains' cell-free supernatant (CFS) was identified using the agar well diffusion method and the microbroth dilution test. Anti-biofilm effect was performed by the microtiter plate assay. The MTT assay was also used to look into the probiotics' cytotoxic effects on the L929 fibroblast cell line. Results During the 6-month period, 53 clinical A. baumannii strains were obtained and identified. Out of 20 lactobacillus strains, the CFS of a lactobacillus strain (named L9) showed an inhibitory effect against all A. baumannii strains. Using the broth microdilution method, it was shown that the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of CFS extracts of L9 strains against A. baumannii strains were both ¼ mg/mL. The result of the anti-biofilm showed that the selected probiotic could inhibit biofilm formation. The most common organic acid produced by all Lactobacillus strains, according to the HPLC method, was lactic acid, which was followed by acetic acid. The L929 fibroblast cell line was used in the cytotoxicity assay, which revealed that 100% of the cells in the L929 fibroblast cell line survived treatment with successive doses of CFSs for a full day. Conclusion The probiotic strain isolated from local yogurt in this study showed potential anti-biofilm and antimicrobial properties against all drug-resistant Acinetobacter isolates. Given the increasing interest in probiotic microorganisms based on their high health benefits, further studies are recommended on the mechanisms of action between probiotics and A. baumannii strains to find new solutions for biological control and treatment of these infections without the use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abbasi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Ghasemi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yasaman Ahmadi
- Department of Microbiology, Kish International Branch of Islamic Azad University, Kish, Iran
| | - Dariush Shokri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani University, Isfahan, Iran
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Rodriguez C, Ramlaoui D, Georgeos N, Gasca B, Leal C, Subils T, Tuttobene MR, Sieira R, Salzameda NT, Bonomo RA, Raya R, Ramirez MS. Antimicrobial activity of the Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL 2244 and its impact on the phenotypic and transcriptional responses in carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14323. [PMID: 37653052 PMCID: PMC10471627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is a recognized nosocomial pathogen with limited antibiotic treatment options. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) constitute a promising therapeutic alternative. Here we studied the antibacterial properties of a collection of LAB strains using phenotypic and transcriptomic analysis against A. baumannii clinical strains. One strain, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL 2244, demonstrated a potent inhibitory capacity on A. baumannii with a significant killing activity. Scanning electron microscopy images showed changes in the morphology of A. baumannii with an increased formation of outer membrane vesicles. Significant changes in the expression levels of a wide variety of genes were also observed. Interestingly, most of the modified genes were involved in a metabolic pathway known to be associated with the survival of A. baumannii. The paa operon, Hut system, and fatty acid degradation were some of the pathways that were induced. The analysis reveals the impact of Lcb. rhamnosus CRL 2244 on A. baumannii response, resulting in bacterial stress and subsequent cell death. These findings highlight the antibacterial properties of Lcb. rhamnosus CRL 2244 and its potential as an alternative or complementary strategy for treating infections. Further exploration and development of LAB as a treatment option could provide valuable alternatives for combating CRAB infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Rodriguez
- Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos (CERELA), CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Dema Ramlaoui
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton (CSUF), 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Nardin Georgeos
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton (CSUF), 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Briea Gasca
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton (CSUF), 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Camila Leal
- Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos (CERELA), CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Tomás Subils
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos de Rosario (IPROBYQ, CONICET-UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Marisel R Tuttobene
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET-UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Sieira
- Fundación Instituto Leloir-IIBBA CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicholas T Salzameda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, CSUF, Fullerton, USA
| | - Robert A Bonomo
- Research Service and GRECC, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Biochemistry, Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES), Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Raúl Raya
- Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos (CERELA), CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Ramirez
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton (CSUF), 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA.
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Icer MA, Özbay S, Ağagündüz D, Kelle B, Bartkiene E, Rocha JMF, Ozogul F. The Impacts of Acidophilic Lactic Acid Bacteria on Food and Human Health: A Review of the Current Knowledge. Foods 2023; 12:2965. [PMID: 37569234 PMCID: PMC10418883 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The need to improve the safety/quality of food and the health of the hosts has resulted in increasing worldwide interest in acidophilic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for the food, livestock as well as health industries. In addition to the use of acidophilic LAB with probiotic potential for food fermentation and preservation, their application in the natural disposal of acidic wastes polluting the environment is also being investigated. Considering this new benefit that has been assigned to probiotic microorganisms in recent years, the acceleration in efforts to identify new, efficient, promising probiotic acidophilic LAB is not surprising. One of these effots is to determine both the beneficial and harmful compounds synthesized by acidophilic LAB. Moreover, microorganisms are of concern due to their possible hemolytic, DNase, gelatinase and mucinolytic activities, and the presence of virulence/antibiotic genes. Hence, it is argued that acidophilic LAB should be evaluated for these parameters before their use in the health/food/livestock industry. However, this issue has not yet been fully discussed in the literature. Thus, this review pays attention to the less-known aspects of acidophilic LAB and the compounds they release, clarifying critical unanswered questions, and discussing their health benefits and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Arif Icer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Amasya University, Amasya 05100, Turkey;
| | - Sena Özbay
- Department of Food Technology, Kaman Vocational School, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir 40360, Turkey;
| | - Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara 06490, Turkey
| | - Bayram Kelle
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana 01330, Turkey;
| | - Elena Bartkiene
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Tilzes 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Street 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - João Miguel F. Rocha
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fatih Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Cukurova University, Balcalı, Adana 01330, Turkey;
- Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University, Adana 01330, Turkey
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Rodriguez C, Ramlaoui D, Georgeos N, Gasca B, Leal C, Subils T, Tuttobene MR, Sieira R, Salzameda NT, Bonomo RA, Raya R, Ramirez MS. Phenotypic and transcriptional analysis of the antimicrobial effect of lactic acid bacteria on carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL 2244 an alternative strategy to overcome resistance?". RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3151881. [PMID: 37503046 PMCID: PMC10371144 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3151881/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is a recognized nosocomial pathogen with limited antibiotic treatment options. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) constitute a promising therapeutic alternative. Here we studied the antibacterial properties of a collection of LAB strains using phenotypic and transcriptomic analysis against A. baumannii clinical strains. One strain, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL 2244, demonstrated a potent inhibitory capacity on A. baumannii with a significant killing activity. Scanning electron microscopy images showed changes in the morphology of A. baumannii with an increased formation of outer membrane vesicles. Significant changes in the expression levels of a wide variety of genes were also observed. Interestingly, most of the modified genes were involved in a metabolic pathway known to be associated with the survival of A. baumannii . The paa operon, Hut system, and fatty acid degradation were some of the pathways that were induced. The analysis reveals the impact of Lcb. rhamnosus CRL 2244 on A. baumannii response, resulting in bacterial stress and subsequent cell death. These findings highlight the antibacterial properties of Lcb. rhamnosus CRL 2244 and its potential as an alternative or complementary strategy for treating infections. Further exploration and development of LAB as a treatment option could provide valuable alternatives for combating CRAB infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dema Ramlaoui
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton
| | - Nardin Georgeos
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton
| | - Briea Gasca
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton
| | - Camila Leal
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), CONICET
| | - Tomás Subils
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos de Rosario (IPROBYQ, CONICET-UNR)
| | | | | | - Nicholas T Salzameda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton
| | - Robert A Bonomo
- Research Service and GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center
| | - Raúl Raya
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), CONICET
| | - María Soledad Ramirez
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton
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Rastogi S, Singh A. Gut microbiome and human health: Exploring how the probiotic genus Lactobacillus modulate immune responses. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1042189. [PMID: 36353491 PMCID: PMC9638459 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1042189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The highest density of microbes resides in human gastrointestinal tract, known as “Gut microbiome”. Of note, the members of the genus Lactobacillus that belong to phyla Firmicutes are the most important probiotic bacteria of the gut microbiome. These gut-residing Lactobacillus species not only communicate with each other but also with the gut epithelial lining to balance the gut barrier integrity, mucosal barrier defence and ameliorate the host immune responses. The human body suffers from several inflammatory diseases affecting the gut, lungs, heart, bone or neural tissues. Mounting evidence supports the significant role of Lactobacillus spp. and their components (such as metabolites, peptidoglycans, and/or surface proteins) in modulatingimmune responses, primarily through exchange of immunological signals between gastrointestinal tract and distant organs. This bidirectional crosstalk which is mediated by Lactobacillus spp. promotes anti-inflammatory response, thereby supporting the improvement of symptoms pertaining to asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), neuroinflammatory diseases (such as multiple sclerosis, alzheimer’s disease, parkinson’s disease), cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and chronic infections in patients. The metabolic disorders, obesity and diabetes are characterized by a low-grade inflammation. Genus Lactobacillus alleviates metabolic disorders by regulating the oxidative stress response and inflammatory pathways. Osteoporosis is also associated with bone inflammation and resorption. The Lactobacillus spp. and their metabolites act as powerful immune cell controllers and exhibit a regulatory role in bone resorption and formation, supporting bone health. Thus, this review demonstrated the mechanisms and summarized the evidence of the benefit of Lactobacillus spp. in alleviating inflammatory diseases pertaining to different organs from animal and clinical trials. The present narrative review explores in detail the complex interactions between the gut-dwelling Lactobacillus spp. and the immune components in distant organs to promote host’s health.
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8
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Ke A, Parreira VR, Farber JM, Goodridge L. Selection of a Potential Synbiotic against Cronobacter sakazakii. J Food Prot 2022; 85:1240-1248. [PMID: 35435968 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-22-048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that can be fatal to infants; it is commonly associated with powdered infant formula due to contamination during manufacturing processes or during preparation in hospitals or homes. This project aimed to select a potential synbiotic, a combination of probiotic strains with a prebiotic product, to inhibit the growth of C. sakazakii in an in vitro dynamic infant gut model (Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem). A total of 16 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were tested for their inhibitory properties against four different C. sakazakii strains by a zone of inhibition test. Lactobacillus and Pediococcus species were able to inhibit the growth (>15-mm inhibition zones) of all C. sakazakii strains tested, and only one strain from the two genera exhibited atypical resistance to tetracycline. All C. sakazakii strains and the selected LAB strains, which inhibited C. sakazakii and did not exhibit atypical antibiotic resistance, were grown in Luria-Bertani or de Man Rogosa Sharpe broth, respectively, containing 1% dextrose or 1% commercial prebiotic (w/v) to compare their ability to metabolize the prebiotic product. Overall, based on the growth inhibition of C. sakazakii, antibiotic susceptibility, and prebiotic metabolism, 6 of the 16 LAB were chosen to be part of a potential synbiotic. This study has provided valuable information that will help with the development of a synbiotic that can be used in powdered infant formula to reduce the potential for C. sakazakii-related illnesses in infants. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Ke
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Valeria R Parreira
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Jeffrey M Farber
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Lawrence Goodridge
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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Mulpuru V, Mishra N. Antimicrobial Peptides from Human Microbiome Against Multidrug Efflux Pump of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a Computational Study. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:180-188. [PMID: 35040024 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09910-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The excess use of antibiotics has led to the evolution of multidrug-resistant pathogenic strains causing worldwide havoc. These multidrug-resistant strains require potent inhibitors. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a lead cause of nosocomial infections and also feature in the critical priority list of the world health organization (WHO) for the development of new antibiotics against their antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) found in almost every life form from microorganisms to humans are known to defend their hosts against various pathogens. Owing to the diversity of the human microbiome, in this study, we have identified the cell-penetrating AMPs from the human microbiome and studied their inhibitory activity against the outer membrane protein OprM of the MexAB-OprM, a constitutively expressed multidrug efflux pump of the Ps. aeruginosa. Screening of the AMPs from the human microbiome resulted in the identification of 147 cell-penetrating AMPs (CPAMPs). The virtual screening of these CPAMPs against the OprM protein showed significant inhibitory results with the top docked AMP showing binding affinity exceeding -30 kcal/mol. The molecular dynamic simulation determined the interaction stabilities between the AMPs and the OprM at the binding site. Further, the residue interaction networks (RINs) are analyses to identify the inhibitory patterns. Later, these patterns were confirmed by MM-PBSA analysis suggesting that the AMPs are majorly stabilized by electrostatic interactions at the binding site. Thus, the high binding affinity and insights from the molecular interaction signify that the identified CPAMPs from the human microbiome can be further explored as inhibitory agents against multidrug-resistant Ps. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswajit Mulpuru
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India.
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Dwivedi M, Powali S, Rastogi S, Singh A, Gupta DK. Microbial community in human gut: a therapeutic prospect and implication in health and diseases. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:553-568. [PMID: 34365651 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The interest in the working and functionality of the human gut microbiome has increased drastically over the years. Though the existence of gut microbes has long been speculated for long over the last few decades, a lot of research has sprung up in studying and understanding the role of gut microbes in the human digestive tract. The microbes present in the gut are highly instrumental in maintaining the metabolism in the body. Further research is going on in this field to understand how gut microbes can be employed as potential sources of novel therapeutics; moreover, probiotics have also elucidated their significant place in this direction. As regards the clinical perspective, microbes can be engineered to afford defence mechanisms while interacting with foreign pathogenic bodies. More investigations in this field may assist us to evaluate and understand how these cells communicate with human cells and promote immune interactions. Here we elaborate on the possible implication of human gut microbiota into the immune system as well as explore the probiotics in the various human ailments. Comprehensive information on the human gut microbiome at the same platform may contribute effectively to our understanding of the human microbiome and possible mechanisms of associated human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dwivedi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - S Powali
- Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Kolkatta, India
| | - S Rastogi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - A Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - D K Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
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Ke A, Parreira VR, Goodridge L, Farber JM. Current and Future Perspectives on the Role of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics in Controlling Pathogenic Cronobacter Spp. in Infants. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:755083. [PMID: 34745060 PMCID: PMC8567173 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.755083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter species, in particular C. sakazakii, is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen implicated in the development of potentially debilitating illnesses in infants (<12months old). The combination of a poorly developed immune system and gut microbiota put infants at a higher risk of infection compared to other age groups. Probiotics and prebiotics are incorporated in powdered infant formula and, in addition to strengthening gut physiology and stimulating the growth of commensal gut microbiota, have proven antimicrobial capabilities. Postbiotics in the cell-free supernatant of a microbial culture are derived from probiotics and can also exert health benefits. Synbiotics, a mixture of probiotics and prebiotics, may provide further advantages as probiotics and gut commensals degrade prebiotics into short-chain fatty acids that can provide benefits to the host. Cell-culture and animal models have been widely used to study foodborne pathogens, but sophisticated gut models have been recently developed to better mimic the gut conditions, thus giving a more accurate representation of how various treatments can affect the survival and pathogenicity of foodborne pathogens. This review aims to summarize the current understanding on the connection between Cronobacter infections and infants, as well as highlight the potential efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in reducing invasive Cronobacter infections during early infancy.
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