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Fugaban JII, Dioso CM, Choi GH, Bucheli JEV, Liong MT, Holzapfel WH, Todorov SD. The Evaluation of Different Bacteriocinogenic Bacillus spp. with Activity Against Staphylococcus spp. and Their Beneficial and/or Hazardous Properties. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:35-52. [PMID: 36445687 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-10017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this project was to screen for bacteriocinogenic Bacillus strains with activity versus Staphylococcus spp. with future application in formulation of pharmaceutical antimicrobial preparations. Putative bacteriocinogenic strains, isolated and pre-identified as Bacillus spp. were selected for future study and differentiated based on repPCR and identified as Bacillus subtilis for strains ST826CD and ST829CD, Bacillus subtilis subsp. stercoris for strain ST794CD, Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii for strain ST824CD, Bacillus velezensis for strain ST796CD, and Bacillus tequilensis for strain ST790CD. Selected strains were evaluated regarding their safety/virulence, beneficial properties, and potential production of antimicrobials based on biomolecular and physiological approves. Expressed bacteriocins were characterized regarding their proteinaceous nature, stability at different levels of pH, temperatures, and the presence of common chemicals applied in bacterial cultivation and bacteriocin purification. Dynamic of bacterial growth, acidification, and cumulation of produced bacteriocins and some aspects of the bacteriocins mode of action were evaluated. Based on obtained results, isolation and application of expressed antimicrobials can be realistic scenario for treatment of some staphylococcal associated infections. Appropriate biotechnological approaches need to be developed for cost effective production, isolation, and purification of expressed antimicrobials by studied Bacillus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Ivy Irorita Fugaban
- ProBacLab, Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Building 202, Rm. 3.234, Kemitorvet, Kongens, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Clarizza May Dioso
- ProBacLab, Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Gee Hyeun Choi
- ProBacLab, Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Jorge Enrique Vazquez Bucheli
- ProBacLab, Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Tze Liong
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia
| | - Wilhelm Heinrich Holzapfel
- Human Effective Microbes, Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov
- ProBacLab, Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea.
- ProBacLab, Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
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Garvey SM, Emami NK, Guice JL, Sriranganathan N, Penet C, Rhoads RP, Spears JL, Dalloul RA, El-Kadi SW. The Probiotic Bacillus subtilis MB40 Improves Immunity in a Porcine Model of Listeriosis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2110. [PMID: 37630670 PMCID: PMC10458092 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics for humans and direct-fed microbials for livestock are increasingly popular dietary ingredients for supporting immunity. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis MB40 (MB40) on immunity in piglets challenged with the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (LM). Three-week-old piglets (n = 32) were randomly assigned to four groups: (1) basal diet, (2) basal diet with LM challenge, (3) MB40-supplemented diet, and (4) MB40-supplemented diet with LM challenge. Experimental diets were provided throughout a 14-day (d) period. On d8, piglets in groups 2 and 4 were intraperitoneally inoculated with LM at 108 CFU/mL per piglet. Blood samples were collected at d1, d8, and d15 for biochemical and immune response profiling. Animals were euthanized and necropsied at d15 for liver and spleen bacterial counts and intestinal morphological analysis. At d15, LM challenge was associated with increased spleen weight (p = 0.017), greater circulating populations of neutrophils (p = 0.001) and monocytes (p = 0.008), and reduced ileal villus height to crypt depth ratio (p = 0.009), compared to non-challenged controls. MB40 supplementation reduced LM bacterial counts in the liver and spleen by 67% (p < 0.001) and 49% (p < 0.001), respectively, following the LM challenge, compared to the basal diet. MB40 supplementation was also associated with decreased circulating concentrations of monocytes (p = 0.007). Altogether, these data suggest that MB40 supplementation is a safe and well-tolerated approach to enhance immunity during systemic Listeria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Garvey
- Department of Research and Development, BIO-CAT, Inc., Troy, VA 22974, USA
| | - Nima K. Emami
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Justin L. Guice
- Department of Research and Development, BIO-CAT, Inc., Troy, VA 22974, USA
| | | | - Christopher Penet
- Department of Research and Development, BIO-CAT, Inc., Troy, VA 22974, USA
| | - Robert P. Rhoads
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Jessica L. Spears
- Department of Research and Development, BIO-CAT Microbials, LLC, Shakopee, MN 55379, USA
| | - Rami A. Dalloul
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Samer W. El-Kadi
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Ye J, Fugaban JII, Dioso CM, Vazquez Bucheli JE, Choi GH, Kim B, Holzapfel WH, Todorov SD. Bacillus Strains Isolated from Korean Fermented Food Products with Antimicrobial Activity Against Staphylococci, an Alternative for Control of Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2023; 20:279-293. [PMID: 37366658 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance in foodborne and clinical pathogens is a worldwide health problem. The urgent need for new alternatives to the existing antibiotics is emerging. Bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances can be considered part of the new generation of antimicrobials, which can be potentially applied in the food industry and health care practices. This study aimed to select Bacillus strains with antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus spp. with future application in the formulation of pharmaceutical antimicrobial preparations. Putative antimicrobial agent-producing strains, previously isolated and preidentified as Bacillus spp. were profiled by repetitive element sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) and 16s rRNA sequencing identified the strains as Bacillus tequilensis ST1962CD with 99.47% identity confidence and as Bacillus subtilis subsp. stercoris ST2056CD with 98.45% identity confidence. Both the selected Bacillus strains were evaluated via biomolecular and physiological approaches related to their safety and virulence, beneficial properties, enzyme production profile, and presence of corresponding genes for the production of antimicrobials and virulence. Both strains were confirmed to harbor srfa and sbo genes and be free of hemolysin binding component (B) and two lytic components (L1 and L2) [BL] and nonhemolytic enterotoxin-associated genes. Produced antimicrobial agents by strains ST1962CD and ST2056CD were partially purified through the combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation and hydrophobic-based chromatography on SepPakC18 and evaluated regarding their cytotoxicity. The dynamics of bacterial growth, pH change, accumulation of produced antimicrobials, and the mode of action were evaluated. Obtained results were pointing to the potential application of safe B. tequilensis ST1962CD and B. subtilis subsp. stercoris ST2056CD strains as functional beneficial microbial cultures that are putative producers of surfactin and/or subtilosin, as potent antimicrobials, for the treatment of some staphylococcal-associated infections. Expressed antimicrobials were shown to be not cytotoxic, and appropriate biotechnological approaches need to be developed for cost-effective production, isolation, and purification of expressed antimicrobials by studied strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeemin Ye
- ProBacLab, Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Joanna Ivy Irorita Fugaban
- ProBacLab, Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Clarizza May Dioso
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | | | - Gee-Hyeun Choi
- ProBacLab, Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Bobae Kim
- HEM Pharma, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov
- ProBacLab, Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- ProBacLab, Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Oh YJ, Kim S, Lee DY, Hong J. Effects of blue
LED
irradiation on the quality characteristics of Mukeunji, a long‐term fermented kimchi, during refrigerated storage. J Food Saf 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Ji Oh
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Selim Kim
- Division of Applied Food System College of Natural Science, Seoul Women's University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yup Lee
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jungil Hong
- Division of Applied Food System College of Natural Science, Seoul Women's University Seoul Republic of Korea
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Ranjan A, Arora J, Chauhan A, Basniwal RK, Kumari A, Rajput VD, Prazdnova EV, Ghosh A, Mukerjee N, Mandzhieva SS, Sushkova S, Minkina T, Jindal T. Advances in characterization of probiotics and challenges in industrial application. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-44. [PMID: 36200338 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2122287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
An unbalanced diet and poor lifestyle are common reasons for numerous health complications in humans. Probiotics are known to provide substantial benefits to human health by producing several bioactive compounds, vitamins, short-chain fatty acids and short peptides. Diets that contain probiotics are limited to curd, yoghurt, kefir, kimchi, etc. However, exploring the identification of more potential probiotics and enhancing their commercial application to improve the nutritional quality would be a significant step to utilizing the maximum benefits. The complex evolution patterns among the probiotics are the hurdles in their characterization and adequate application in the industries and dairy products. This article has mainly discussed the molecular methods of characterization that are based on the analysis of ribosomal RNA, whole genome, and protein markers and profiles. It also has critically emphasized the emerging challenges in industrial applications of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Ranjan
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Jayati Arora
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Abhishek Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology Safety and Management, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Rupesh Kumar Basniwal
- Amity Institute of Advanced Research and Studies (M&D), Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Arpna Kumari
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Evgeniya V Prazdnova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Arabinda Ghosh
- Microbiology Division, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, India
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Saglara S Mandzhieva
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Tanu Jindal
- Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology Safety and Management, Amity University, Noida, India
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Mishra B, Mishra AK, Kumar S, Mandal SK, NSV L, Kumar V, Baek KH, Mohanta YK. Antifungal Metabolites as Food Bio-Preservative: Innovation, Outlook, and Challenges. Metabolites 2021; 12:12. [PMID: 35050134 PMCID: PMC8778586 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Perishable food spoilage caused by fungi is a major cause of discomfort for food producers. Food sensory abnormalities range from aesthetic degeneration to significant aroma, color, or consistency alterations due to this spoilage. Bio-preservation is the use of natural or controlled bacteria or antimicrobials to enhance the quality and safety of food. It has the ability to harmonize and rationalize the required safety requirements with conventional preservation methods and food production safety and quality demands. Even though synthetic preservatives could fix such issues, there is indeed a significant social need for "clean label" foods. As a result, consumers are now seeking foods that are healthier, less processed, and safer. The implementation of antifungal compounds has gotten a lot of attention in recent decades. As a result, the identification and characterization of such antifungal agents has made promising advances. The present state of information on antifungal molecules, their modes of activity, connections with specific target fungi varieties, and uses in food production systems are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishwambhar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad 500075, India; (B.M.); (S.K.M.); (L.N.)
| | - Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (A.K.M.); (V.K.)
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Tadepalligudem, Andhra Pradesh 534101, India;
| | - Sanjeeb Kumar Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad 500075, India; (B.M.); (S.K.M.); (L.N.)
| | - Lakshmayya NSV
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad 500075, India; (B.M.); (S.K.M.); (L.N.)
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (A.K.M.); (V.K.)
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (A.K.M.); (V.K.)
| | - Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Ri-Bhoi 793101, India
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Selection of Bacteriocinogenic Bacillus spp. from Traditional Fermented Korean Food Products with Additional Beneficial Properties. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two Bacillus spp. isolated from kimchi, Bacillus tequilensis ST816CD and Bacillus subtilis ST830CD, were characterized for their antimicrobial properties and safety. The proteinaceous nature of their inhibitory metabolites was confirmed after exposure to proteolytic enzymes, resulting in partial loss of the antimicrobial effect. This indicated that different non-proteinaceous antimicrobial substances may also be produced by these strains. This hypothesis was later confirmed when genes associated with the production of surfactants were detected in their DNA. The expressed antimicrobial metabolites were not affected by treatment at different temperatures and pH levels, including exposure to selected chemicals. Their strong adherence to susceptible pathogens was not significantly affected by different temperatures, chemicals, or pH values. Both Bacillus strains showed inhibitory activity against clinical and food-associated pathogens, including Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 15313, and some Staphylococcus species. Several genes associated with the production of antimicrobial metabolites were detected, but key virulence and beneficial genes were not present in these strains. Even though only B. tequilensis ST816CD displayed γ-hemolysin production, both selected strains were found to produce gelatinase and biogenic amines, which are considered as either potential virulence- or health-related factors. Moreover, the strains were susceptible to a variety of antibiotics except for the penicillin G [1 IU/disc] resistance of B. tequilensis ST816CD. Both strains showed proteolytic activity. Additionally, both strains showed low hydrophobicity based on bacterial adherence measured by hydrocarbons (n-hexadecane).
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