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Ignatiou A, Pitsouli C. Host-diet-microbiota interplay in intestinal nutrition and health. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38946050 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The intestine is populated by a complex and dynamic assortment of microbes, collectively called gut microbiota, that interact with the host and contribute to its metabolism and physiology. Diet is considered a key regulator of intestinal microbiota, as ingested nutrients interact with and shape the resident microbiota composition. Furthermore, recent studies underscore the interplay of dietary and microbiota-derived nutrients, which directly impinge on intestinal stem cells regulating their turnover to ensure a healthy gut barrier. Although advanced sequencing methodologies have allowed the characterization of the human gut microbiome, mechanistic studies assessing diet-microbiota-host interactions depend on the use of genetically tractable models, such as Drosophila melanogaster. In this review, we first discuss the similarities between the human and fly intestines and then we focus on the effects of diet and microbiota on nutrient-sensing signaling cascades controlling intestinal stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, as well as disease. Finally, we underline the use of the Drosophila model in assessing the role of microbiota in gut-related pathologies and in understanding the mechanisms that mediate different whole-body manifestations of gut dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Ignatiou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Chrysoula Pitsouli
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Tabata K, Ikarashi N, Shinozaki Y, Yoshida R, Kon R, Sakai H, Hosoe T, Kamei J. Effect of the gut microbiota on the expression of genes that are important for maintaining skin function: Analysis using aged mice. J Dermatol 2024; 51:419-428. [PMID: 38087767 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota changes greatly at the onset of disease, and the importance of intestinal bacteria has been highlighted. The gut microbiota also changes greatly with aging. Aging causes skin dryness, but it is not known how changes in the gut microbiota with aging affects the expression of genes that are important for maintaining skin function. In this study, we investigated how age-related changes in gut microbiota affect the expression of genes that regulate skin function. The gut microbiotas from young mice and aged mice were transplanted into germ-free mice (fecal microbiota transplantation [FMT]). These recipient mice were designated FMT-young mice and FMT-old mice respectively, and the expression levels of genes important for maintaining skin function were analyzed. The dermal water content was significantly lower in old mice than that in young mice, indicating dry skin. The gut microbiota significantly differed between old mice and young mice. The water channel aquaporin-3 (Aqp3) expression level in the skin of FMT-old mice was significantly higher than that in FMT-young mice. In addition, among the genes that play an important role in maintaining skin function, the expression levels of those encoding ceramide-degrading enzyme, ceramide synthase, hyaluronic acid-degrading enzyme, and Type I collagen were also significantly higher in FMT-old mice than in FMT-young mice. It was revealed that the gut microbiota, which changes with age, regulates the expression levels of genes related to skin function, including AQP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keito Tabata
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Shinozaki
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Yoshida
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoo Hosoe
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junzo Kamei
- Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Miller BC, Mathai M, Yadav H, Jain S. Geroprotective potential of microbiome modulators in the Caenorhabditis elegans model. GeroScience 2024; 46:129-151. [PMID: 37561384 PMCID: PMC10828408 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00901-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with cellular and physiological changes, which significantly reduce the quality of life and increase the risk for disease. Geroprotectors improve lifespan and slow the progression of detrimental aging-related changes such as immune system senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, and dysregulated nutrient sensing and metabolism. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis is a hallmark of aging-related diseases and microbiome modulators, such as probiotics (live bacteria) or postbiotics (non-viable bacteria/bacterial byproducts) may be promising geroprotectors. However, because they are strain-specific, the geroprotective effects of probiotics and postbiotics remain poorly understood and understudied. Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, and rodents are well-validated preclinical models for studying lifespan and the role of probiotics and/or postbiotics, but each have their limitations, including cost and their translation to human aging biology. C. elegans is an excellent model for large-scale screening to determine the geroprotective potential of drugs or probiotics/postbiotics due to its short lifecycle, easy maintenance, low cost, and homology to humans. The purpose of this article is to review the geroprotective effects of microbiome modulators and their future scope, using C. elegans as a model. The proposed geroprotective mechanisms of these probiotics and postbiotics include delaying immune system senescence, preventing or reducing mitochondrial dysfunction, and regulating food intake (dietary restriction) and metabolism. More studies are warranted to understand the geroprotective potential of probiotics and postbiotics, as well as other microbiome modulators, like prebiotics and fermented foods, and use them to develop effective therapeutics to extend lifespan and reduce the risk of debilitating aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi C Miller
- USF Center for Microbiome Research, Microbiomes Institute, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, MDC 78, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Megha Mathai
- USF Center for Microbiome Research, Microbiomes Institute, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, MDC 78, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hariom Yadav
- USF Center for Microbiome Research, Microbiomes Institute, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, MDC 78, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Shalini Jain
- USF Center for Microbiome Research, Microbiomes Institute, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, MDC 78, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Bozkurt B, Terlemez G, Sezgin E. Basidiomycota species in Drosophila gut are associated with host fat metabolism. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13807. [PMID: 37612350 PMCID: PMC10447447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of bacterial microbiota on host metabolism and obesity risk is well documented. However, the role of fungal microbiota on host storage metabolite pools is largely unexplored. We aimed to investigate the role of microbiota on D. melanogaster fat metabolism, and examine interrelatedness between fungal and bacterial microbiota, and major metabolic pools. Fungal and bacterial microbiota profiles, fat, glycogen, and trehalose metabolic pools are measured in a context of genetic variation represented by whole genome sequenced inbred Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) samples. Increasing Basidiomycota, Acetobacter persici, Acetobacter pomorum, and Lactobacillus brevis levels correlated with decreasing triglyceride levels. Host genes and biological pathways, identified via genome-wide scans, associated with Basidiomycota and triglyceride levels were different suggesting the effect of Basidiomycota on fat metabolism is independent of host biological pathways that control fungal microbiota or host fat metabolism. Although triglyceride, glycogen and trehalose levels were highly correlated, microorganisms' effect on triglyceride pool were independent of glycogen and trehalose levels. Multivariate analyses suggested positive interactions between Basidiomycota, A. persici, and L. brevis that collectively correlated negatively with fat and glycogen pools. In conclusion, fungal microbiota can be a major player in host fat metabolism. Interactions between fungal and bacterial microbiota may exert substantial control over host storage metabolite pools and influence obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkay Bozkurt
- Bioengineering Program, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gamze Terlemez
- Biotechnology Program, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Efe Sezgin
- Biotechnology Program, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey.
- Department of Food Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey.
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Yang M, Wang H, Bukhari I, Zhao Y, Huang H, Yu Y, Sun X, Mi Y, Mei L, Zheng P. Effects of cholesterol-lowering probiotics on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in FXR gene knockout mice. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1121203. [PMID: 37545590 PMCID: PMC10397539 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1121203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aims Some studies showed that probiotics could improve the composition and structure of gut microbiota. Changes in the gut microbiota may alter bile acid (BAs) composition and kinetics, improving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, it still needs to be clarified how probiotics improve both the metabolism of BAs and NAFLD. This study aimed to reveal the regulatory mechanisms of cholesterol-lowering (CL) probiotics on NAFLD from aspects involved in BA metabolism in FXR gene knockout (FXR-/-) mice. Methods FXR-/- male mice were randomly divided into three groups based on different interventions for 16 weeks, including normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), and probiotic intervention in the HFD (HFD+P) group. 16s rDNA sequencing and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) were utilized to analyze the changes in gut microbiota and fecal bile acids in mice. Results We found that the intervention of the CL probiotics improved liver lipid deposition and function in HFD-induced NAFLD mice by decreasing the levels of total cholesterol (TC; p = 0.002) and triglyceride (TG; p = 0.001) in serum, as well as suppressing liver inflammation, such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β; p = 0.002) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α; p < 0.0001). 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomic analyses showed that probiotics effectively reduced the abundance of harmful gut microbiota, such as Firmicutes (p = 0.005), while concomitantly increasing the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota in NAFLD mice, such as Actinobacteriota (p = 0.378), to improve NAFLD. Compared with the ND group, consuming an HFD elevated the levels of total BAs (p = 0.0002), primary BAs (p = 0.017), and secondary BAs (p = 0.0001) in mice feces, while the intervention with probiotics significantly reduced the increase in the levels of fecal total bile acids (p = 0.013) and secondary bile acids (p = 0.017) induced by HFD. Conclusion The CL probiotics were found to improve liver function, restore microbiota balance, correct an abnormal change in the composition and content of fecal bile acids, and repair the damaged intestinal mucosal barrier in mice with NAFLD, ultimately ameliorating the condition. These results suggested that CL probiotics may be a promising and health-friendly treatment option for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori & Microbiota and GI Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haoyang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori & Microbiota and GI Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ihtisham Bukhari
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori & Microbiota and GI Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori & Microbiota and GI Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori & Microbiota and GI Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Mi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori & Microbiota and GI Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengyuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori & Microbiota and GI Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Bhanja A, Paikra SK, Sutar PP, Mishra M. Characterization and identification of inulin from Pachyrhizus erosus and evaluation of its antioxidant and in-vitro prebiotic efficacy. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:328-339. [PMID: 36618034 PMCID: PMC9813300 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05619-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inulin is the polysaccharide obtained from different plant sources i.e. Wheat, Chicory, Jerusalem artichoke and Dahlia. In this study, Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus) is used to isolate inulin using the microwave heating. The 1H NMR study reveals the presence of fructose and glucose unit which is the backbone of inulin. Further FT-IR and Raman confirmed the functional groups present in inulin. The UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis depicts the purity of the isolated inulin. The shape and size of the extracted inulin was determined from scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering appeared as flat-flakes and 135 nm respectively. X-ray diffractogram showed semi-crystalline nature suggesting the stability of the extracted inulin. The isolated inulin has phenolic and flavonoid content of 8.1804 ± 6.26 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and 14.387 ± 4.192 mg rutin equivalent/g of dried polysaccharide respectively. The inhibition percentage of DPPH and FRAP of isolated inulin were found to be 75.74 ± 4.5% and 0.11 ± 0.007 respectively. The isolated inulin promotes the growth of probiotics like Enterococcus faecium (MZ540315) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (MZ540317). All the analysis suggest the isolated inulin has good prebiotic potential as the commercially available one. The current study proposes that isolated inulin can be used as a prebiotic in the future. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-022-05619-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Bhanja
- Neural Developmental Biology Lab, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008 India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Paikra
- Neural Developmental Biology Lab, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008 India
| | - Parag Prakash Sutar
- Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008 India
| | - Monalisa Mishra
- Neural Developmental Biology Lab, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008 India
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That LFLN, Xu B, Pandohee J. Could foodomics hold the key to unlocking the role of prebiotics in gut microbiota and immunity? Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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