Trend of Body Compositions with Aging among Chinese Adolescents, Adults and Elders

A comparative study of the predictive value of four models for death in patients with severe burns

OBJECTIVE

To assess the prognostic value of the Ryan score, Belgian Outcome of Burn Injury (BOBI) score,revised Baux (rBaux) score, and a new model (a Logit(P)-based scoring method created in 2020) for predicting mortality risk in patients with extremely severe burns and to conduct a comparative analysis.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 599 burn patients who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to the burn unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from 2017 to 2022. Relevant information was collected, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were plotted for each of the four models in assessing mortality in these burn patients using both age-stratified and unstratified forms. The ROC curve section was further compared with the area under the curve (AUC), optimal cutoff value, as well as its sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, the quality of the AUC was assessed using the Delong test.

RESULT

Among the patients who met the inclusion criteria, 532 were in the survival group and 67 in the death group. Irrespective of age stratification, the novel model exhibited superior performance with an AUC of 0.868 (95% CI: 0.838-0.894) among all four models predicting mortality risk in included patients, and also demonstrated better AUC quality than other models; the calibration curves showed that the accuracy of all four models was good; the DCA curves showed that the clinical utility of the novel model and rBuax score were better. In the comparison of four scoring models across different age groups, the new model demonstrated the largest AUC in both 0-19 years (0.954, 95% CI 0.914-0.979) and 20-59 years groups (0.838, 95% CI 0.793-0.877), while rBuax score exhibited the highest AUC in ≥ 60 years group (0.708, 95% CI of 0.602-0.800). The calibration curves showed that the four models exhibited greater accuracy within the age range of 20-59 years, while the DCA curves indicated that both the novel model and rBuax score scale displayed better prediction in both the 20-59 and ≥ 60 years groups.

CONCLUSIONS

All four models demonstrate accurate and effective prognostication for patients with severe burns. Both the novel model and rBaux score exhibit enhanced prediction utility. In terms of the model itself alone, the new model is not simpler than, for example, the rBaux score, and whether it can be applied clinicallyinvolves further study.

Acute high-intensity interval exercise improves food-related cognition in young adults with obesity: An ERP study

Purpose Cognitive function, particularly food-related cognition, is critical for maintaining a healthy weight and preventing the acceleration of obesity. High-Intensity Interval Exercise (HIIE) is an increasingly popular form of exercise and has been shown to improve physical fitness and cognitive function. However, there is limited research on the effects and underlying mechanisms of HIIE on general and food-related cognition among adults with obesity. The aim of the current study was to examine the influence of a single bout of HIIE on food-related cognition among young adults with obesity. Methods Fifteen young men with obesity (BMI = 33.88 ± 4.22, age = 24.60 ± 5.29 years) were recruited. Participants took part in a HIIE condition consisting of 30 minutes of stationary cycle exercise (5-min warm-up, 20-min HIIE and 5-min cool down), and a control session consisting of a time and attention-matched period of sedentary rest in a counterbalanced order. Behavioral (reaction time and accuracy) and event-related potential measures (P3 and the late positive potential, LPP) elicited during a food-related Flanker task were measured after the HIIE and control session. Results Shorter response times were observed following HIIE, regardless of congruency or picture type, with no change in accuracy. Increased P3 and LPP amplitudes were observed following HIIE relative to the control session. Conclusion The findings suggest a single bout of HIIE has a beneficial effect on general and food-related cognition among young adults with obesity, with increased recruitment of cognitive resources to support cognitive control. Future research is warranted to examine the dose-response relationship between acute bouts or longer participation in HIIE on food-related cognition in obesity.

Value of appendicular skeletal muscle mass to total body fat ratio in predicting obesity in elderly people: a 2.2-year longitudinal study

BACKGROUND

Obesity is a disease characterized by much fat accumulation and abnormal distribution, which was related to cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus (DM) and muscular skeletal diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of appendicular skeletal muscle mass to total body fat ratio (ASM/TBF) in screening for the risk of obesity in elderly people.

METHODS

A prospective study was carried out with 446 participants (non-obese elderly people with body mass index (BMI) < 28 kg/m²) who underwent baseline and an average around 2.2-year follow-up health check-up examinations.

RESULTS

The mean age at baseline was 63.6 years. The incidence of new obesity was 5.4% during follow-up. Linear regression demonstrated that baseline ASM/TBFs were negatively correlated with follow-up BMIs in both men and women (β = - 1.147 (- 1.463--0.831) for men and - 4.727 (- 5.761--3.692) for women). The cut-off points of baseline ASM/TBF in elderly people for obesity were 1.24 in men and 0.90 in women which were identified by Classification and Regression Tree (CART). Logistic regression showed that both men and women with decreased ASM/TBF had higher risks of obesity over the follow-up period (Relative Risk (RRs) = 5.664 (1.879-17.074) for men and 34.856 (3.930-309.153) for women).

CONCLUSIONS

Elderly people with a low ASM/TBF had a higher risk of new obesity, which suggested that ASM/TBF should be considered in obesity management in the elderly.

Predictive value of percentage body fat in aging people with low muscle mass: A 2.2-year longitudinal study

BACKGROUND

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of percentage body fat (PBF) in screening for the risk of low muscle mass (LMM) in elderly people.

METHODS

A prospective study was carried out in Chinese PLA General Hospital with 413 participants who underwent baseline and an average 2.2-year follow-up health check-up examinations.

RESULTS

The average age of the participants at baseline was 63.6 years. The incidence of newly developed LMM was 10.3% in men and 18.2% in women during follow-up. Linear regression demonstrated that baseline PBF were negatively correlated with follow-up total muscle mass index (TMMI) in both men and women (β=-0.124 for men and -0.233 for women, all P < 0.001). The cut-off points of baseline PBF in elderly people for future LMM were 25.45% in men and 30.95% in women and were identified by Receiver Operator Curves (ROC).

CONCLUSIONS

Elderly people with a high PBF had a higher risk of new LMM, which suggested that baseline PBF had a close relationship with future LMM and the screening of high PBF should be paid enough attention in health care management in the senior people.

A retrospective study on association between obesity and cardiovascular risk diseases with aging in Chinese adults

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity and its relationship with cardiovascular risk diseases among different sex and age groups in an urban Chinese adult population. A retrospective analysis was performed on 384,061 Chinese adults aged 20 years and older in Nanjing. The age-standardized prevalence of overweight and obesity was 42.8% and 13.2% in men and 23.9% and 6.6% in women. A gradually increasing trend was observed in the prevalence of overweight and obesity from 2008 to 2016, especially in individuals aged 20~39 years. Overweight and obesity were significantly associated with increased risks of dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperuricemia. Age weakened such relationship for both genders, which spiked in individuals aged 20~39 years. For men and women aged 20~39 years, the OR (95% CI) of obesity reached 4.23 (4.01–4.47) and 5.29 (4.63–6.04) for dyslipidemia, 3.70 (2.97–4.60) and 6.38 (3.86–10.55) for diabetes mellitus, 6.19 (5.76–6.64) and 9.36 (7.86–11.13) for hypertension, and 3.66 (3.45–3.88) and 6.65 (5.70–7.74) for hyperuricemia, respectively. The increasing trend in the epidemic of overweight and obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular risk diseases in Chinese adults, especially in individuals aged 20~39 years.