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Gofton T, Dhanani S, Meade M, Boyd JG, Chamberlain E, Chandler J, Chassé M, Scales NB, Choi YH, D'Aragon F, Debicki D, English S, Fantaneanu TA, Kramer AH, Kromm J, Murphy N, Norton L, Singh J, Smith MJ, Weijer C, Shemie S, Bentall TC, Campbell E, Slessarev M. Neurologic Physiology after Removal of Therapy (NeuPaRT) study: study protocol of a multicentre, prospective, observational, pilot feasibility study of neurophysiology after withdrawal of life-sustaining measures. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073643. [PMID: 37105694 PMCID: PMC10152060 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In donation after circulatory determination of death, death is declared 5 min after circulatory arrest. This practice assumes, but does not explicitly confirm, permanent loss of brain activity. While this assumption is rooted a strong physiological rationale, paucity of direct human data regarding temporal relationship between cessation of brain activity and circulatory arrest during the dying process threatens public and healthcare provider trust in deceased organ donation. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In this cohort study, we will prospectively record cerebral and brainstem electrical activity, cerebral blood flow velocity and arterial blood pressure using electroencephalography (EEG), brainstem evoked potentials, transcranial doppler and bedside haemodynamic monitors in adult patients undergoing planned withdrawal of life sustaining measures in the intensive care units at five hospital sites for 18 months. We will use MATLAB to synchronise waveform data and compute the time of cessation of each signal relative to circulatory arrest. Our primary outcome is the feasibility of patient accrual, while secondary outcomes are (a) proportion of patients with complete waveform recordings and data transfer to coordinating site and (b) time difference between cessation of neurophysiological signals and circulatory arrest. We expect to accrue 1 patient/site/month for a total of 90 patients. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION We have ethics approval from Clinical Trials Ontario (protocol #3862, version 1.0, date 19 January 2022.) and the relevant Research Ethics Board for each site. We will obtain written informed consent from legal substitute decision makers. We will present study results at research conferences including donor family partner forum and in peer-reviewed publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05306327.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teneille Gofton
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonny Dhanani
- Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maureen Meade
- Critical Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Gordon Boyd
- Departments of Neurology and Critical Care, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Michaël Chassé
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathan B Scales
- Dynamical Analysis Laboratory, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yun-Hee Choi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frédérick D'Aragon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Universite de Sherbrooke Faculte de medecine et des sciences de la sante, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Derek Debicki
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shane English
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tadeu A Fantaneanu
- Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andreas H Kramer
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Julie Kromm
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicholas Murphy
- Philosophy and Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Loretta Norton
- Department of Psychology, King's University College at Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Singh
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maxwell J Smith
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences and Rotman Institute of Philosophy, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Charles Weijer
- Department of Philosophy, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sam Shemie
- Pediatric Intensive Care, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tracey C Bentall
- Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eileen Campbell
- Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marat Slessarev
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Gofton TE, Norton L, Laforge G, Gibson R, Debicki D, Althenayan E, Scales N, Beinum AV, Hornby L, Shemie S, Dhanani S, Slessarev M. Cerebral cortical activity after withdrawal of life-sustaining measures in critically ill patients. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:3120-3129. [PMID: 35822321 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Establishing when cerebral cortical activity stops relative to circulatory arrest during the dying process will enhance trust in donation after circulatory determination of death. We used continuous electroencephalography and arterial blood pressure monitoring prior to withdrawal of life sustaining measures and for 30 min following circulatory arrest to explore the temporal relationship between cessation of cerebral cortical activity and circulatory arrest. Qualitative and quantitative EEG analyses were completed. Among 140 screened patients, 52 were eligible, 15 were enrolled, 11 completed the full study, and 8 (3 female, median age 68 years) were included in the analysis. Across participants, EEG activity stopped at a median of 78 (Q1 = -387, Q3 = 111) seconds before circulatory arrest. Following withdrawal of life sustaining measures there was a progressive reduction in electroencephalographic amplitude (p = .002), spectral power (p = .008), and coherence (p = .003). Prospective recording of cerebral cortical activity in imminently dying patients is feasible. Our results from this small cohort suggest that cerebral cortical activity does not persist after circulatory arrest. Confirmation of these findings in a larger multicenter study are needed to help promote stakeholder trust in donation after circulatory determination of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teneille E Gofton
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Loretta Norton
- Department of Psychology, King's University College at Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Laforge
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raechelle Gibson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Derek Debicki
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eyad Althenayan
- Department of Medicine/Critical Care, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan Scales
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Laura Hornby
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sam Shemie
- Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Pediatric Intensive Care, McGill University Health Centre & Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sonny Dhanani
- Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marat Slessarev
- Department of Psychology, King's University College at Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine/Critical Care, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Luo A, He H, Xu Z, Ouyang W, Chen Y, Li K, Xie W. A Qualitative Study in Family Units on Organ Donation: Attitude, Influencing Factors and Communication Patterns. Transpl Int 2022; 35:10411. [PMID: 35401037 PMCID: PMC8983816 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2022.10411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the attitude, influencing factors and communication patterns of organ donation in Chinses families. We conducted in-depth interviews with 97 participants from 26 families in China from August 2018 to October 2020. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed by the researchers. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data and Nvivo 12 was used to catalog coded data. Thirty-eight participants indicated that they would like to be a donor while the majority were unlikely to donate. Among those who were willing to donate, some disagreed with family members to donate organs. Themes found included attitude, the timing of thinking, taboo and fear, traditional beliefs, ethics and family communication patterns. Lack of knowledge, fear, taboo, some traditional beliefs and mistrust may discourage donation. Altruism and policy which is good for the family seem to encourage donation. We also constructed three family communication patterns to provide a deeper understanding of the family in China. This is the first qualitative study that analyzed attitude, influencing factors and communication patterns based on family units in China mainland. Our findings showed that family comes first in Chinese. We suggest that family-based consent and incentives are more suitable for the Chinese social context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijing Luo
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research (Central South University), College of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Haiyan He
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research (Central South University), College of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zehua Xu
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research (Central South University), College of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Public Health College of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research (Central South University), College of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Li
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research (Central South University), College of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenzhao Xie
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research (Central South University), College of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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4
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Anthony SJ, Lin J, Pol SJ, Wright L, Dhanani S. Family veto in organ donation: the experiences of Organ and Tissue Donation Coordinators in Ontario. Can J Anaesth 2021; 68:611-621. [PMID: 33575991 PMCID: PMC7878166 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-021-01928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In Ontario, an individual's registered wish for organ donation is legally valid consent following death. Family veto occurs when the deceased donor's substitute decision-maker (SDM) overrides this consent to donate, evoking a legal and ethical conflict. The objective of this study was to examine the experiences of Organ and Tissue Donation Coordinators (OTDCs) working with SDMs who vetoed a deceased donor's consent for organ donation. METHODS Qualitative focus groups were conducted with ten OTDCs in Ontario, Canada who reported experience with family veto. An interpretative phenomenological approach informed data analysis. Themes emerged through team consensus and were further refined through collaborative and reflexive engagement. RESULTS Four themes emerged regarding family veto: 1) the significance of the OTDC role, 2) emotional distress and the "understandable" family veto, 3) barriers contributing to family veto, and 4) strategies towards a culture of organ donation. Findings highlighted the importance of patient advocacy in the OTDC role, while revealing the emotional distress of experiencing family veto. OTDCs identified timing and healthcare providers' perceived ambivalence toward organ donation as critical barriers to family authorization. Value-positive language, role reframing, and increased education were offered as strategies to address these barriers and reduce family veto. CONCLUSION This study highlights important considerations about organ donation authorization processes in Ontario. Findings support practice changes towards reducing family veto and further research nationally. Collaborations with key stakeholders are warranted to align healthcare practices, donation policies, and education initiatives towards a shared goal of increasing organ donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Anthony
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Jia Lin
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah J Pol
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Linda Wright
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Surgery and Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sonny Dhanani
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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5
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D'Aragon F, Lamontagne F, Cook D, Dhanani S, Keenan S, Chassé M, English S, Burns KEA, Frenette AJ, Ball I, Boyd JG, Masse MH, Breau R, Akhtar A, Kramer A, Rochwerg B, Lauzier F, Kutsogiannis DJ, Ibrahim Q, Hand L, Zhou Q, Meade MO. Variability in deceased donor care in Canada: a report of the Canada-DONATE cohort study. Can J Anaesth 2020; 67:992-1004. [PMID: 32385825 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-020-01692-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Canadian donor management practices have not been reported. Our aim was to inform clinicians and other stakeholders about the range of current practices. METHODS This prospective observational cohort study enrolled consecutive, newly consented organ donors from August 1 2015 to July 31 2018 at 27 academic and five community adult intensive care units in British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, and Quebec. Research staff prospectively recorded donor management data. Provincial organ donation organizations verified the organs donated. We formally compared practices across provinces. RESULTS Over a median collection period of eight months, 622 potential donors were classified at baseline as having neurologic determination of death (NDD donors; n = 403) or circulatory death (DCD donors; n = 219). Among NDD donors, 85.6% underwent apnea testing (rarely with carbon dioxide insufflation), 33.2% underwent ancillary testing, and subsequent therapeutic hypothermia (34-35°C) was rare. Neurologic determination of death donors were more hemodynamically unstable with most having received vasopressin and norepinephrine infusions, with a large majority having received high-dose corticosteroids and intravenous thyroxine. Among DCD donors, 61.6% received corticosteroids, and 8.9% received thyroxine. Most donors did not receive lung-protective ventilation strategies. Invasive procedures after donation consent included bronchoscopy (71.7%), cardiac catheterization (NDD donors only; 21.3%), and blood transfusions (19.3%). Physicians ordered intravenous antemortem heparin for 94.8% of DCD donors. The cohort donated 1,629 organs resulting in 1,532 transplants. Case selection, death determinations, and hormone, nutrition and heparin practices all varied across provinces. CONCLUSION These study findings highlight areas for knowledge translation and further clinical research. Interprovincial discrepancies will likely pose unique challenges to national randomized trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03114436); registered 10 April, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérick D'Aragon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Université de Sherbrooke, 2001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | - Francois Lamontagne
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Deborah Cook
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sonny Dhanani
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern, Ontario University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sean Keenan
- Department of Critical Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Transplant, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michaël Chassé
- Department of Medicine (Critical Care), Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shane English
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Karen E A Burns
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anne Julie Frenette
- Pharmacy faculty, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Hôpital Sacre-Coeur de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ian Ball
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - John Gordon Boyd
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Masse
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Ruth Breau
- Department of Health Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Aemal Akhtar
- Department of Health Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andreas Kramer
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bram Rochwerg
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - François Lauzier
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Departments of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Quazi Ibrahim
- Department of Health Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lori Hand
- Department of Health Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Health Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Maureen O Meade
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Takaoka A, Honarmand K, Vanstone M, Tam B, Smith OM, Baker A, LeBlanc A, Swinton M, Neville TH, Clarke FJ, Hancock J, McMullen S, Meade MO, Rose T, Arora S, Cook DJ. Organ Donation at the End of Life: Experiences From the 3 Wishes Project. J Intensive Care Med 2020; 36:404-412. [PMID: 31960743 DOI: 10.1177/0885066619900125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The 3 Wishes Project (3WP) promotes holistic end-of-life care in the intensive care unit (ICU) to honor dying patients, support families, and encourage clinician compassion. Organ donation is a wish that is sometimes made by, or on behalf of, critically ill patients. Our objective was to describe the interface between the 3WP and organ donation as experienced by families, clinicians, and organ donation coordinators. METHODS In a multicenter evaluation of the 3WP in 4 Canadian ICUs, we conducted a thematic analysis of transcripts from interviews and focus groups with clinicians, organ donation coordinators, and families of dying or died patients for whom donation was considered. RESULTS We analyzed transcripts from 26 interviews and 2 focus groups with 18 family members, 17 clinicians, and 6 organ donation coordinators. The central theme describes the mutual goals of the 3WP and organ donation-emphasizing personhood and agency across the temporal continuum of care. During family decision-making, conversations encouraged by the 3WP can facilitate preliminary discussions about donation. During preparation for donation, memory-making activities supported by the 3WP redirect focus toward personhood. During postmortem family care, the 3WP supports families, including when donation is unsuccessful, and highlights aspirational pursuits of donation while encouraging reflections on other fulfilled wishes. CONCLUSIONS Organ donation and the 3WP provide complementary opportunities to engage in value-based conversations during the dying process. The shared values of these programs may help to incorporate organ donation and death into a person's life narrative and incorporate new life into a person's death narrative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Takaoka
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, 3710McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Co-primary authors
| | - Kimia Honarmand
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Co-primary authors
| | - Meredith Vanstone
- McMaster program for Education Research Innovation & Theory, Department of Family Medicine, 3710McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Benjamin Tam
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, 37195Niagara Health, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Orla M Smith
- Critical Care Department, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, 10071St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew Baker
- Department of Anesthesia, 10071St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Critical Care, 10071St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Allana LeBlanc
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Marilyn Swinton
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, 3710McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Thanh H Neville
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Department of Medicine, 8783University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - France J Clarke
- Department of Critical Care, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jennifer Hancock
- Department of Critical Care, 3688University of Dalhousie, Halifax, Canada
| | - Sarah McMullen
- Department of Critical Care, 3688University of Dalhousie, Halifax, Canada
| | - Maureen O Meade
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Faculty, 3710McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Trudy Rose
- Department of Spiritual Care, Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, Canada
| | - Samantha Arora
- Department of Medicine, 3710McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Deborah J Cook
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, 3710McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Faculty, 3710McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Dicks SG, Burkolter N, Jackson LC, Northam HL, Boer DP, van Haren FM. Grief, Stress, Trauma, and Support During the Organ Donation Process. Transplant Direct 2020; 6:e512. [PMID: 32047840 PMCID: PMC6964929 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The organ donation process is complex and stressful for the family of the potential donor and members of the multidisciplinary team who may experience grief, ethical dilemmas, vicarious trauma, or compassion fatigue. Several studies each explore the role of a specific healthcare group and the impact of inhospital processes on group members. We conducted a systematic literature search to identify such studies and a qualitative synthesis to consolidate findings and highlight features of the interaction and relationships between role players. Our results suggest that, while healthcare professionals have different roles, attitudes, and views, the experience of stressors and interdisciplinary tension is common. Nevertheless, staff are united by the goal of caring for the patient and family. We therefore propose that, while focusing on bereavement care and other aspects of the family's experience, staff can find other shared goals and develop understanding, trust, empathy, and respect for each other's positions, thereby improving functioning in the complex adaptive system that forms at this time. Education and training can equip staff to facilitate anticipatory mourning, family-led activities, and a meaningful parting from their relative, assisting families with their grief and increasing staff members' efficacy, confidence, and interdisciplinary teamwork. Knowledge of systems thinking and opportunities to share ideas and experiences will enable staff to appreciate each other's roles, while supportive mentors, self-care strategies, and meaningful feedback between role players will foster healthy adjustment and shared learning. A focus on psychosocial outcomes such as family satisfaction with the process, collaboration within the multidisciplinary team, and reduction in the role stress of healthcare professionals will contribute to family well-being as well as personal and professional growth for staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean G. Dicks
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Canberra Health Services, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | | | - Holly L. Northam
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Douglas P. Boer
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Frank M.P. van Haren
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Canberra Health Services, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- School of Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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