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Saha B, Aoyama K, Petre MA, Englesakis M, Robertson J, Levine M. Pericardial disease as a rare complication of pediatric appendicitis: a systematic literature search. JA Clin Rep 2020; 6:89. [PMID: 33165640 PMCID: PMC7652975 DOI: 10.1186/s40981-020-00395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classic symptoms of acute appendicitis are well known but are uncommon and often misinterpreted in pediatric patients, potentially delaying diagnosis and resulting in rare sequelae. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive systematic literature search of case reports detailing pericardial disease as a rare complication of pediatric appendicitis through MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Databases. Inclusion criteria was that the patient must be < 18 years old and present with both pericardial disease and appendicitis. RESULTS Our search yielded 7 cases with an average age of 10.3 ± 3.9 years old. The cases involved cardiac tamponade, pericarditis, and/or pericardial effusion. Five cases were diagnosed with appendicitis before complicated by pericardial disease. Most cases had an infectious component, but a majority had negative pericardial fluid cultures. Pleural effusion and abdominal abscesses were other common complications of pediatric appendicitis. CONCLUSION Awareness of this uncommon relationship may have prognostic value as this may facilitate appropriate management of pericardial effusions, tamponade, and/or appendicitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibek Saha
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 651 Ilalo St, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.,Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, #2211, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Kazuyoshi Aoyama
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, #2211, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada. .,Program in Clinical Health Evaluative Sciences, The SickKids Research Institute, 555 University Ave, #2211, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Maria-Alexandra Petre
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesia, Montreal Children's Hospital, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Marina Englesakis
- Library and Information Services, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - James Robertson
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, #2211, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Mark Levine
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, #2211, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
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