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Moudgil AD, Nehra AK, Sharma A, Patel S, Vohra S. First Insight into the Phylogenetic Diversity of Bovicola caprae Infesting Goats of Different Agro-climatic Locations in India. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10886-3. [PMID: 39003435 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Bovicola caprae is an important obligate ectoparasite of goats worldwide including India. The present study aimed at the molecular confirmation, phylogenetics and population structure analyses of B. caprae infesting goats of three different agro-climatic locations in India, by targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) genetic marker. The phylogenetic tree exhibited the presence of two different lineages of B. caprae. The sequences generated herein clustered in lineage 2 along with the GenBank™ archived sequences from China and Iran. The sequences generated herein also showed the circulation of sub-lineages of B. caprae in India based on the analysis of pairwise genetic distances between sequences and median-joining haplotype network. The population structure analyses revealed low nucleotide (0.00353 ± 0.00291 and 0.02694 ± 0.00363) and high haplotype (0.667 ± 0.314 and 0.618 ± 0.104) diversities for the present study isolates as well as for the complete dataset, respectively, which evinced a recent demographic expansion. High genetic differentiation (FST value = 0.97826) and low gene flow (Nm = 0.00556) were also recorded in the different lineages/populations. In conclusion, the present study addressed the research gap and provided the first insight into the phylogenetics of the goat louse B. caprae and highlighted the circulation of sub-lineages of the ectoparasite in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman D Moudgil
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India.
| | - Anil K Nehra
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176062, India
| | - Santosh Patel
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Sukhdeep Vohra
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
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Insyari’ati T, Hamid PH, Rahayu ET, Sugar DL, Rahma NN, Kusumarini S, Kurnianto H, Wardhana AH. Ectoparasites Infestation to Small Ruminants and Practical Attitudes among Farmers toward Acaricides Treatment in Central Region of Java, Indonesia. Vet Sci 2024; 11:162. [PMID: 38668429 PMCID: PMC11053668 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Ectoparasite infestations are one of the major problems affecting goat and sheep farming. Disease resulting from these infestations can cause changes in physical appearance, such as severe lesions on the skin, and economic consequences in the form of significantly reduced selling prices. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ectoparasites in the Boyolali district, Central Java, Indonesia. A total of 651 sheep and goats were surveyed in this study. The parasites were collected via skin scraping, twister, or manually from clinically infected goats and sheep in traditional farms. All of the ectoparasites collected were successfully identified. The prevalence of ectoparasites in ruminants in Boyolali was 97.8% (637/651). The species make-up was as follows: Bovicola caprae 97.8% (637/651), Linognathus africanus 39% (254/651), Haemaphysalis bispinosa 3.5% (23/651), Ctenocephalides spp. 0.2% (1/651), and Sarcoptes scabiei 5.2% (34/651). The predilection sites were in the face, ear, and leg areas, and in the axillary, dorsal, abdomen, and scrotum regions of the surveyed animals. An evaluation of farmers' attitudes to ectoparasites was performed using a questionnaire. The findings of this study imply that animals in the investigated area are highly exposed to ectoparasite infestations. Given the importance of ectoparasites in both livestock and human communities, specifically in the health domain, more research into appropriate control strategies is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titis Insyari’ati
- Department of Animal Science, Sebelas Maret University, Kota Surakarta 57126, Indonesia; (T.I.); (E.T.R.); (D.L.S.); (N.N.R.)
| | - Penny Humaidah Hamid
- Department of Animal Science, Sebelas Maret University, Kota Surakarta 57126, Indonesia; (T.I.); (E.T.R.); (D.L.S.); (N.N.R.)
| | - Endang Tri Rahayu
- Department of Animal Science, Sebelas Maret University, Kota Surakarta 57126, Indonesia; (T.I.); (E.T.R.); (D.L.S.); (N.N.R.)
| | - Diah Lutfiah Sugar
- Department of Animal Science, Sebelas Maret University, Kota Surakarta 57126, Indonesia; (T.I.); (E.T.R.); (D.L.S.); (N.N.R.)
| | - Nadya Nurvita Rahma
- Department of Animal Science, Sebelas Maret University, Kota Surakarta 57126, Indonesia; (T.I.); (E.T.R.); (D.L.S.); (N.N.R.)
| | - Shelly Kusumarini
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Brawijaya University, Kota Malang 65151, Indonesia;
| | - Heri Kurnianto
- National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor 16122, Indonesia; (H.K.); (A.H.W.)
| | - April Hari Wardhana
- National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor 16122, Indonesia; (H.K.); (A.H.W.)
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Detailed new insights about tick infestations in domestic ruminant groups: a global systematic review and meta-analysis. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:526-601. [DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Ajith Y, Dimri U, Madhesh E, Gopalakrishnan A, Verma MR, Samad HA, Reena KK, Chaudhary AK, Devi G, Bosco J. Influence of weather patterns and air quality on ecological population dynamics of ectoparasites in goats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2020; 64:1731-1742. [PMID: 32556594 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-01952-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ectoparasitism has a damaging impact on the economy of goat production in India, but the factors influencing its distribution and dynamics are less explored. The present study was designed to investigate the influence of environmental factors like weather and air quality parameters on the occurrence of different types of ectoparasites in goats of two agro-climatic regions of India, viz. the Upper Gangetic Plain (UGP) and the Western Himalayas (WH). The prevalence survey for ectoparasitism among goats was conducted during the four distinct climatic seasons (winter, summer, monsoon, autumn) in both regions. The season-wise data of weather parameters (maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity in morning and evening, sunrise and sunset time, mean daily temperature and relative humidity, daily variation in temperature and relative humidity, and day length) and air quality parameters (air quality index (AQI), particulate matter 2.5 μm (PM2.5), particulate matter 10 μm (PM10)) of both regions were analyzed in relation with the ectoparasitic prevalence pattern of corresponding regions. The results depict a noticeable correlation between the studied parameters and seasonal variation in the occurrence of each type of ectoparasites. This outcome on the interaction of studied parameters and ectoparasitism is intriguing and it opens a huge scope for future studies on the biometeorological aspects of host-parasite ecological interplay and evolutionary biology. The better understanding of climatological aspects of ectoparasite occurrences helps goat farmers in formulating appropriate timely intervention strategies for the economic control of ectoparasites, which in turn tackles ectoparasiticidal drug resistance and reduces threat of vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ajith
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Mirzapur, UP, 231001, India.
- Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - U Dimri
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - E Madhesh
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - A Gopalakrishnan
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - Med Ram Verma
- Division of Livestock Economics, Statistics and Information Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - H A Samad
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - K K Reena
- Division of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - A K Chaudhary
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - G Devi
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - J Bosco
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
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Host immunomodulation by ascorbic acid ameliorates oxidative stress in caprine pediculosis—A pilot study. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ajith Y, Dimri U, Gopalakrishnan A, Devi G. A field study on the efficacy of ivermectin via subcutaneous route against chewing lice (Bovicola caprae) infestation in naturally infested goats. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2019; 86:e1-e5. [PMID: 30843405 PMCID: PMC6407458 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Caprine pediculosis is an ectoparasitic disease of great concern among goat farmers in India. It may be caused by either sucking lice or chewing lice; the latter one results in severe skin lesions, leading to production loss. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the macrocytic lactone drug, ivermectin, administered via subcutaneous injection, against chewing lice Bovicola (Damalinia) caprae infestation in naturally infested goats. The study was conducted on 20 goats with severe B. caprae infestation. Animals of group A (n = 10) were treated using a single dose of ivermectin (200 µg/kg body weight) subcutaneously and animals of group B (n = 10) underwent placebo therapy using normal saline. The animals were examined on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42 and 56 for lice counts. There was 100% elimination of lice in all animals of group A and effective protection from re-infection remained at least for 21 days. Considerable improvement in haematological parameters was also observed by day 21. Based on this study, ivermectin injected via a subcutaneous route can be used effectively for the therapeutic and prophylactic management of chewing lice infestation in goats maintained under an extensive grazing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ajith
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute.
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Ullah N, Durrani AZ, Avais M, Ahmad N, Ullah S, Ullah S, Ali Khan M, Ikram-ul-Haq, Khan NU. A first report on prevalence of caprine theileriosis and its association with host biomarkers in Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ajith Y, Dimri U, Gopalakrishnan A, Madhesh E, Jhambh R, Joshi V, Devi G. Th1/Th2 immune responses and oxidative stress in caprine flea allergy dermatitis. Parasite Immunol 2017; 39. [PMID: 29094355 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) is the common, often neglected skin disease of goats caused mainly by Ctenocephalides felis. This study aimed to evaluate the immuno-oxidative pathobiology of FAD in goats. Twelve goats from the same herd were divided into two groups of six animals each. The group I (FAD) included animals with natural flea infestation and severe dermatitis lesions. The group II (Healthy control) animals were free from any parasitic infestation. To assess the pathological changes, the markers of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and total antioxidant capacity), and immune status (Tumour necrosis factor alpha, Interleukin 10, Transforming growth factor beta 1 and Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio) were evaluated from the blood and the serum samples. Remarkable oxidative stress and severe inflammatory response with Th2 cytokine dominance were observed in flea infested animals. Highly antigenic agents of fleas, either secretory or excretory or structural, induced severe inflammatory responses and significant oxidative stress in caprine FAD. Massive release of cytokines may be responsible for severe skin inflammation and lesions in FAD in contrast to other Th2 dominant ectoparasitic skin conditions of goats'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ajith
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - U Dimri
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - A Gopalakrishnan
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - E Madhesh
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - R Jhambh
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - V Joshi
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - G Devi
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
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