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Demin KA, Lakstygal AM, Volgin AD, de Abreu MS, Genario R, Alpyshov ET, Serikuly N, Wang D, Wang J, Yan D, Wang M, Yang L, Hu G, Bytov M, Zabegalov KN, Zhdanov A, Harvey BH, Costa F, Rosemberg DB, Leonard BE, Fontana BD, Cleal M, Parker MO, Wang J, Song C, Amstislavskaya TG, Kalueff AV. Cross-species Analyses of Intra-species Behavioral Differences in Mammals and Fish. Neuroscience 2020; 429:33-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Werder EJ, Sandler DP, Richardson DB, Emch ME, Kwok RK, Gerr FE, Engel LS. Environmental Styrene Exposure and Sensory and Motor Function in Gulf Coast Residents. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:47006. [PMID: 31009265 PMCID: PMC6785236 DOI: 10.1289/ehp3954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although styrene is an established neurotoxicant at occupational exposure levels, its neurotoxicity has not been characterized in relation to general population exposures. Further, occupational research to date has focused on central nervous system impairment. OBJECTIVE We assessed styrene-associated differences in sensory and motor function among Gulf coast residents. METHODS We used 2011 National Air Toxics Assessment estimates of ambient styrene to determine exposure levels for 2,956 nondiabetic Gulf state residents enrolled in the Gulf Long-term Follow-up Study, and additionally measured blood styrene concentration in a subset of participants 1 to 2 y after enrollment ([Formula: see text]). Participants completed an enrollment telephone interview and a comprehensive test battery to assess sensory and motor function during a clinical follow-up exam 2 to 4 y later. Detailed covariate information was ascertained at enrollment via telephone interview. We used multivariate linear regression to estimate continuous differences in sensory and motor function, and log-binomial regression to estimate prevalence ratios for dichotomous outcomes. We estimated associations of both ambient and blood styrene exposures with sensory and motor function, independently for five unique tests. RESULTS Those participants in the highest 25% vs. lowest 75% of ambient exposure and those in the highest 10% vs. lowest 90% of blood styrene had slightly diminished visual contrast sensitivity. Mean vibrotactile thresholds were lower among those in the highest vs. lowest quartile of ambient styrene and the highest 10% vs. lowest 90% of blood styrene ([Formula: see text] log microns; 95% CI: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] log microns; 95% CI: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], respectively). The highest vs. lowest quartile of ambient styrene was associated with significantly poorer postural stability, and (unexpectedly) with significantly greater grip strength. DISCUSSION We observed associations between higher styrene exposure and poorer visual, sensory, and vestibular function, though we did not detect associations with reduced voluntary motor system performance. Associations were more consistent for ambient exposures, but we also found notable associations with measured blood styrene. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3954.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Werder
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- Epidemiology Department, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Dale P. Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - David B. Richardson
- Epidemiology Department, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael E. Emch
- Epidemiology Department, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Richard K. Kwok
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Fredric E. Gerr
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Lawrence S. Engel
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- Epidemiology Department, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Werder EJ, Engel LS, Richardson DB, Emch ME, Gerr FE, Kwok RK, Sandler DP. Environmental styrene exposure and neurologic symptoms in U.S. Gulf coast residents. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:480-490. [PMID: 30278311 PMCID: PMC6712572 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Styrene is an established neurotoxicant at occupational levels, but effects at levels relevant to the general population have not been studied. We examined the neurologic effects of environmental styrene exposure among U.S. Gulf coast residents. METHODS We used National Air Toxics Assessment (NATA) 2011 estimates of ambient styrene concentrations to assign exposure levels for 21,962 non-diabetic Gulf state residents, and additionally measured blood styrene concentration in a subset of participants (n = 874). Neurologic symptoms, as well as detailed covariate information, were ascertained via telephone interview. We used log-binomial regression to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for cross-sectional associations between both ambient and blood styrene levels and self-reported neurologic symptoms. We estimated associations independently for ten unique symptoms, as well as for the presence of any neurologic, central nervous system (CNS), or peripheral nervous system (PNS) symptoms. We also examined heterogeneity of associations with estimated ambient styrene levels by race and sex. RESULTS One-third of participants reported at least one neurologic symptom. The highest quartile of estimated ambient styrene was associated with one or more neurologic (PR, 1.12; 95% CI: 1.07,1.18), CNS (PR, 1.17; 95% CI: 1.11,1.25), and PNS (PR, 1.16; 95% CI: 1.09,1.25) symptom. Results were less consistent for biomarker analyses, but blood styrene level was suggestively associated with nausea (PR, 1.78; 95% CI: 1.04, 3.03). In stratified analyses, we observed the strongest effects among non-White participants. CONCLUSIONS Increasing estimated ambient styrene concentration was consistently associated with increased prevalence of neurologic symptoms. Associations between blood styrene levels and some neurologic symptoms were suggestive. Environmental styrene exposure levels may be sufficient to elicit symptomatic neurotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Werder
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Lawrence S Engel
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - David B Richardson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Michael E Emch
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Fredric E Gerr
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Richard K Kwok
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America.
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Marco-Rius I, Cheng T, Gaunt AP, Patel S, Kreis F, Capozzi A, Wright AJ, Brindle KM, Ouari O, Comment A. Photogenerated Radical in Phenylglyoxylic Acid for in Vivo Hyperpolarized 13C MR with Photosensitive Metabolic Substrates. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14455-14463. [PMID: 30346733 PMCID: PMC6217999 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Whether for 13C magnetic resonance studies in chemistry, biochemistry, or biomedicine, hyperpolarization methods based on dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) have become ubiquitous. DNP requires a source of unpaired electrons, which are commonly added to the sample to be hyperpolarized in the form of stable free radicals. Once polarized, the presence of these radicals is unwanted. These radicals can be replaced by nonpersistent radicals created by the photoirradiation of pyruvic acid (PA), which are annihilated upon dissolution or thermalization in the solid state. However, since PA is readily metabolized by most cells, its presence may be undesirable for some metabolic studies. In addition, some 13C substrates are photosensitive and therefore may degrade during the photogeneration of a PA radical, which requires ultraviolet (UV) light. We show here that the photoirradiation of phenylglyoxylic acid (PhGA) using visible light produces a nonpersistent radical that, in principle, can be used to hyperpolarize any molecule. We compare radical yields in samples containing PA and PhGA upon photoirradiation with broadband and narrowband UV-visible light sources. To demonstrate the suitability of PhGA as a radical precursor for DNP, we polarized the gluconeogenic probe 13C-dihydroxyacetone, which is UV-sensitive, using a commercial 3.35 T DNP polarizer and then injected this into a mouse and followed its metabolism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Marco-Rius
- Cancer Research
UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shin Center, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, U.K.
| | - Tian Cheng
- Cancer Research
UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shin Center, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, U.K.
| | - Adam P. Gaunt
- Cancer Research
UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shin Center, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, U.K.
| | - Saket Patel
- Aix-Marseille
University, CNRS, ICR, 13007 Marseille, France
| | - Felix Kreis
- Cancer Research
UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shin Center, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, U.K.
| | - Andrea Capozzi
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic
Resonance, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alan J. Wright
- Cancer Research
UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shin Center, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, U.K.
| | - Kevin M. Brindle
- Cancer Research
UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shin Center, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, U.K.
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Aix-Marseille
University, CNRS, ICR, 13007 Marseille, France
| | - Arnaud Comment
- Cancer Research
UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shin Center, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, U.K.
- General
Electric Healthcare, HP7
9NA Chalfont St. Giles, U.K.
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Yevglevskis M, Bowskill CR, Chan CCY, Heng JHJ, Threadgill MD, Woodman TJ, Lloyd MD. A study on the chiral inversion of mandelic acid in humans. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:6737-44. [PMID: 25050409 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42515k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mandelic acid is a chiral metabolite of the industrial pollutant styrene and is used in chemical skin peels, as a urinary antiseptic and as a component of other medicines. In humans, S-mandelic acid undergoes rapid chiral inversion to R-mandelic acid by an undefined pathway but it has been proposed to proceed via the acyl-CoA esters, S- and R-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl-CoA, in an analogous pathway to that for Ibuprofen. This study investigates chiral inversion of mandelic acid using purified human recombinant enzymes known to be involved in the Ibuprofen chiral inversion pathway. Both S- and R-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl-CoA were hydrolysed to mandelic acid by human acyl-CoA thioesterase-1 and -2 (ACOT1 and ACOT2), consistent with a possible role in the chiral inversion pathway. However, human α-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR; P504S) was not able to catalyse exchange of the α-proton of S- and R-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl-CoA, a requirement for chiral inversion. Both S- and R-2-phenylpropanoyl-CoA were epimerised by AMACR, showing that it is the presence of the hydroxy group that prevents epimerisation of R- and S-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl-CoAs. The results show that it is unlikely that 2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl-CoA is an intermediate in the chiral inversion of mandelic acid, and that the chiral inversion of mandelic acid is via a different pathway to that of Ibuprofen and related drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksims Yevglevskis
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
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Assady S, Marom O, Hemli M, Ionescu R, Jeries R, Tisch U, Abassi Z, Haick H. Impact of hemodialysis on exhaled volatile organic compounds in end-stage renal disease: a pilot study. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:1035-45. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To demonstrate the feasibility of nanomaterial-based sensors for identifying patterns of exhaled volatile organic compound of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and study the impact of hemodialysis (HD) on these patterns. Patients & methods: Exhaled breath samples were collected from a group of 37 volunteers (26 ESRD HD patients; 11 healthy controls); a third of the samples were randomly blinded for determining the sensitivity/specificity of the method. Discriminant function analysis was used to build a model for discriminating ESRD patients and healthy controls (classification accuracy for blind samples: 80%), based on the signals of the nanomaterial sensors. Results & conclusion: The breath pattern of the ESRD patients approached the healthy pattern during the HD treatment, without reaching it completely. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry identified four volatile organic compounds as potential ESRD biomarkers. Although this pilot study has yielded encouraging results, additional large-scale clinical studies are required to develop a fast, noninvasive breath test for monitoring HD adequacy in real time. Original submitted 23 September 2012; Revised submitted 26 February 2013
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Affiliation(s)
- Suheir Assady
- Department of Nephrology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Ophir Marom
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Matan Hemli
- Department of Nephrology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 31096, Israel
- Department of Physiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Radu Ionescu
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Department of Electronics, Electrical & Automatic Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Raneen Jeries
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Ulrike Tisch
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Zaid Abassi
- Department of Physiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
- Research Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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Tisch U, Aluf Y, Ionescu R, Nakhleh M, Bassal R, Axelrod N, Robertman D, Tessler Y, Finberg JPM, Haick H. Detection of asymptomatic nigrostriatal dopaminergic lesion in rats by exhaled air analysis using carbon nanotube sensors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2012; 3:161-6. [PMID: 22860185 PMCID: PMC3369793 DOI: 10.1021/cn200093r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The ante-mortem diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) still relies on clinical symptoms. Biomarkers could in principle be used for the early detection of PD-related neuronal damage, but no validated, inexpensive, and simple biomarkers are available yet. Here we report on the breath-print of presymptomatic PD in rats, using a model with 50% lesion of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. Exhaled breath was collected from 19 rats (10 lesioned and 9 sham operated) and analyzed using organically functionalized carbon nanotube sensors. Discriminant factor analysis detected statistically significant differences between the study groups and a classification accuracy of 90% was achieved using leave-one-out cross-validation. The sensors' breath-print was supported by determining statistically significant differences of several volatile organic compounds in the breath of the lesioned rats and the sham operated rats, using gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. The observed breath-print shows potential for cost-effective, fast, and reliable early PD detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Tisch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion −
Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa
32000, Israel
| | - Yuval Aluf
- Department
of Molecular Pharmacology,
Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion −
Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Radu Ionescu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion −
Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa
32000, Israel
| | - Morad Nakhleh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion −
Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa
32000, Israel
| | - Rana Bassal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion −
Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa
32000, Israel
| | - Noa Axelrod
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion −
Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa
32000, Israel
| | - Dorina Robertman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion −
Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa
32000, Israel
| | - Yael Tessler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion −
Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa
32000, Israel
| | - John P. M. Finberg
- Department
of Molecular Pharmacology,
Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion −
Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion −
Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa
32000, Israel
- Russell Berrie Nanotechnology
Institute, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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Marom O, Nakhoul F, Tisch U, Shiban A, Abassi Z, Haick H. Gold nanoparticle sensors for detecting chronic kidney disease and disease progression. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:639-50. [PMID: 22401266 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the feasibility of a novel nanomedical method that utilizes breath testing for identifying chronic kidney disease (CKD) and disease progression. MATERIALS & METHODS Exhaled breath samples were collected from 62 volunteers. The breath samples were analyzed using sensors based on organically functionalized gold nanoparticles, combined with support vector machine analysis. Sensitivity and specificity with reference to CKD patient classification according to estimated glomerular filtration rate were determined using cross-validation. The chemical composition of the breath samples was studied using gas chromatography linked with mass spectrometry. RESULTS A combination of two to three gold nanoparticles sensors provided good distinction between early-stage CKD and healthy states (accuracy of 79%) and between stage 4 and 5 CKD states (accuracy of 85%). A single sensor provided a distinction between early and advanced CKD (accuracy of 76%). Several substances in the breath were identified and could be associated with CKD-related biochemical processes or with the accumulation of toxins through kidney function loss. CONCLUSION Breath testing using gold nanoparticle sensors holds future potential as a cost-effective, fast and reliable diagnostic test for early detection of CKD and monitoring of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophir Marom
- Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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