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Gross J, Herrera-Marschitz M. Potential Key Proteins, Molecular Networks, and Pathways in Perinatal Hypoxia. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:571-588. [PMID: 37651081 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-023-00663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxia is a common risk factor for CNS development. Using bioinformatics databases, a list of 129 genes involved in perinatal hypoxia was selected from the literature and analyzed with respect to proteins important for biological processes influencing the brain development. Functional enrichment analysis using the DAVID database was performed to identify relevant Gene Ontology (GO) biological processes like response to hypoxia, inflammatory response, positive and negative regulation of apoptosis, and positive and negative regulation of cell proliferation. The selected GO processes contain 17-30 proteins and show an enrichment of 6.3-14.3-fold. The STRING protein-protein interaction network and the Cytoscape data analyzer were used to identify interacting proteins playing a significant role in these processes. The two top protein pairs referring to the proteins with highest degrees and the corresponding proteins connected by high score edges exert opposite or regulatory functions and are essential for the balance between damaging, repairing, protective, or epigenetic processes. The GO response to hypoxia is characterized by the high score protein-protein interaction pairs CASP3/FAS promoting apoptosis and by the protective acting BDNF/MECP2 protein pair. Core components of the GO processes positive and negative regulation of apoptosis are the proteins CASP3/FAS/AKT/eNOS/RPS6KB1 involved in several signal pathways. The GO processes cell proliferation are characterized by the high-score protein-protein interaction pairs MYC/ MAPK1, JUN/MAPK1, IL6/IL1B, and JUN/HDAC1. The study provides new insights into the pathophysiology of perinatal hypoxia and is of importance for future investigations, diagnostics, and therapy of perinatal hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Gross
- Tinnitus Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Leibniz Society of Sciences Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Santiago 7, Chile
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Lespay-Rebolledo C, Tapia-Bustos A, Perez-Lobos R, Vio V, Casanova-Ortiz E, Farfan-Troncoso N, Zamorano-Cataldo M, Redel-Villarroel M, Ezquer F, Quintanilla ME, Israel Y, Morales P, Herrera-Marschitz M. Sustained Energy Deficit Following Perinatal Asphyxia: A Shift towards the Fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (TIGAR)-Dependent Pentose Phosphate Pathway and Postnatal Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:74. [PMID: 35052577 PMCID: PMC8773255 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Labor and delivery entail a complex and sequential metabolic and physiologic cascade, culminating in most circumstances in successful childbirth, although delivery can be a risky episode if oxygen supply is interrupted, resulting in perinatal asphyxia (PA). PA causes an energy failure, leading to cell dysfunction and death if re-oxygenation is not promptly restored. PA is associated with long-term effects, challenging the ability of the brain to cope with stressors occurring along with life. We review here relevant targets responsible for metabolic cascades linked to neurodevelopmental impairments, that we have identified with a model of global PA in rats. Severe PA induces a sustained effect on redox homeostasis, increasing oxidative stress, decreasing metabolic and tissue antioxidant capacity in vulnerable brain regions, which remains weeks after the insult. Catalase activity is decreased in mesencephalon and hippocampus from PA-exposed (AS), compared to control neonates (CS), in parallel with increased cleaved caspase-3 levels, associated with decreased glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activity, a shift towards the TIGAR-dependent pentose phosphate pathway, and delayed calpain-dependent cell death. The brain damage continues long after the re-oxygenation period, extending for weeks after PA, affecting neurons and glial cells, including myelination in grey and white matter. The resulting vulnerability was investigated with organotypic cultures built from AS and CS rat newborns, showing that substantia nigra TH-dopamine-positive cells from AS were more vulnerable to 1 mM of H2O2 than those from CS animals. Several therapeutic strategies are discussed, including hypothermia; N-acetylcysteine; memantine; nicotinamide, and intranasally administered mesenchymal stem cell secretomes, promising clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne Lespay-Rebolledo
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Andrea Tapia-Bustos
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370149, Chile;
| | - Ronald Perez-Lobos
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Valentina Vio
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Emmanuel Casanova-Ortiz
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Nancy Farfan-Troncoso
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Marta Zamorano-Cataldo
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Martina Redel-Villarroel
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7710162, Chile;
| | - Maria Elena Quintanilla
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Yedy Israel
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7710162, Chile;
| | - Paola Morales
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
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Tapia-Bustos A, Lespay-Rebolledo C, Vío V, Pérez-Lobos R, Casanova-Ortiz E, Ezquer F, Herrera-Marschitz M, Morales P. Neonatal Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment Improves Myelination Impaired by Global Perinatal Asphyxia in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063275. [PMID: 33806988 PMCID: PMC8004671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of perinatal asphyxia (PA) on oligodendrocyte (OL), neuroinflammation, and cell viability was evaluated in telencephalon of rats at postnatal day (P)1, 7, and 14, a period characterized by a spur of neuronal networking, evaluating the effect of mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs)-treatment. The issue was investigated with a rat model of global PA, mimicking a clinical risk occurring under labor. PA was induced by immersing fetus-containing uterine horns into a water bath for 21 min (AS), using sibling-caesarean-delivered fetuses (CS) as controls. Two hours after delivery, AS and CS neonates were injected with either 5 μL of vehicle (10% plasma) or 5 × 104 MSCs into the lateral ventricle. Samples were assayed for myelin-basic protein (MBP) levels; Olig-1/Olig-2 transcriptional factors; Gglial phenotype; neuroinflammation, and delayed cell death. The main effects were observed at P7, including: (i) A decrease of MBP-immunoreactivity in external capsule, corpus callosum, cingulum, but not in fimbriae of hippocampus; (ii) an increase of Olig-1-mRNA levels; (iii) an increase of IL-6-mRNA, but not in protein levels; (iv) an increase in cell death, including OLs; and (v) MSCs treatment prevented the effect of PA on myelination, OLs number, and cell death. The present findings show that PA induces regional- and developmental-dependent changes on myelination and OLs maturation. Neonatal MSCs treatment improves survival of mature OLs and myelination in telencephalic white matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tapia-Bustos
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (A.T.-B.); (C.L.-R.); (V.V.); (R.P.-L.); (E.C.-O.)
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370149, Chile
| | - Carolyne Lespay-Rebolledo
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (A.T.-B.); (C.L.-R.); (V.V.); (R.P.-L.); (E.C.-O.)
| | - Valentina Vío
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (A.T.-B.); (C.L.-R.); (V.V.); (R.P.-L.); (E.C.-O.)
| | - Ronald Pérez-Lobos
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (A.T.-B.); (C.L.-R.); (V.V.); (R.P.-L.); (E.C.-O.)
| | - Emmanuel Casanova-Ortiz
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (A.T.-B.); (C.L.-R.); (V.V.); (R.P.-L.); (E.C.-O.)
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Las Condes 12438, Lo Barnechea, Santiago 7710162, Chile;
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (A.T.-B.); (C.L.-R.); (V.V.); (R.P.-L.); (E.C.-O.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.-M.); (P.M.); Tel.: +56-229786788 (M.H.-M. & P.M.)
| | - Paola Morales
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (A.T.-B.); (C.L.-R.); (V.V.); (R.P.-L.); (E.C.-O.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Correspondence: (M.H.-M.); (P.M.); Tel.: +56-229786788 (M.H.-M. & P.M.)
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Farfán N, Carril J, Redel M, Zamorano M, Araya M, Monzón E, Alvarado R, Contreras N, Tapia-Bustos A, Quintanilla ME, Ezquer F, Valdés JL, Israel Y, Herrera-Marschitz M, Morales P. Intranasal Administration of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome Reduces Hippocampal Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Cell Death, Improving the Behavioral Outcome Following Perinatal Asphyxia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207800. [PMID: 33096871 PMCID: PMC7589575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal Asphyxia (PA) is a leading cause of motor and neuropsychiatric disability associated with sustained oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cell death, affecting brain development. Based on a rat model of global PA, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of intranasally administered secretome, derived from human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-S), preconditioned with either deferoxamine (an hypoxia-mimetic) or TNF-α+IFN-γ (pro-inflammatory cytokines). PA was generated by immersing fetus-containing uterine horns in a water bath at 37 °C for 21 min. Thereafter, 16 μL of MSC-S (containing 6 μg of protein derived from 2 × 105 preconditioned-MSC), or vehicle, were intranasally administered 2 h after birth to asphyxia-exposed and control rats, evaluated at postnatal day (P) 7. Alternatively, pups received a dose of either preconditioned MSC-S or vehicle, both at 2 h and P7, and were evaluated at P14, P30, and P60. The preconditioned MSC-S treatment (i) reversed asphyxia-induced oxidative stress in the hippocampus (oxidized/reduced glutathione); (ii) increased antioxidative Nuclear Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2) translocation; (iii) increased NQO1 antioxidant protein; (iv) reduced neuroinflammation (decreasing nuclearNF-κB/p65 levels and microglial reactivity); (v) decreased cleaved-caspase-3 cell-death; (vi) improved righting reflex, negative geotaxis, cliff aversion, locomotor activity, anxiety, motor coordination, and recognition memory. Overall, the study demonstrates that intranasal administration of preconditioned MSC-S is a novel therapeutic strategy that prevents the long-term effects of perinatal asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Farfán
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Jaime Carril
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Martina Redel
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Marta Zamorano
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Maureen Araya
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Estephania Monzón
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Raúl Alvarado
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Norton Contreras
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.C.); (J.L.V.)
| | - Andrea Tapia-Bustos
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370149, Chile;
| | - María Elena Quintanilla
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7710162, Chile;
| | - José Luis Valdés
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.C.); (J.L.V.)
| | - Yedy Israel
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Paola Morales
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.C.); (J.L.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-229786788
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Buqué A, Bloy N, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Possible mechanisms of cancer prevention by nicotinamide. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:2034-2040. [DOI: 10.1111/bph.15096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aitziber Buqué
- Department of Radiation Oncology Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY USA
| | - Norma Bloy
- Department of Radiation Oncology Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers Paris France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP‐HP Paris France
- Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou China
- Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center New York NY USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine New York NY USA
- Department of Dermatology Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT USA
- Université de Paris Paris France
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Siavashpour A, Khalvati B, Azarpira N, Mohammadi H, Niknahad H, Heidari R. Poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) overactivity plays a pathogenic role in bile acids-induced nephrotoxicity in cholestatic rats. Toxicol Lett 2020; 330:144-158. [PMID: 32422328 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholestatic liver disease is a clinical complication with a wide range of etiologies. The liver is the primary organ influenced by cholestasis. Other organs, rather than the liver (e.g., kidneys), could also be affected by cholestatic liver disease. Cholestasis-induced renal injury is known as cholemic nephropathy (CN). Although the structural and functional alterations of the kidney in cholestasis have been well described, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of CN are not well understood. Some studies mentioned the role of oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment in CN. Several cellular targets, including proteins, lipids, and DNA, could be affected by oxidative stress. Poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is an enzyme that its physiological activity plays a fundamental role in DNA repair. However, PARP-1 overexpression is associated with enhanced oxidative stress and cell death. The current study was designed to evaluate the role of PARP-1 activity in the pathogenesis of CN. Bile duct ligated (BDL) rats were treated with nicotinamide (NA) as a PARP-1 inhibitor. Kidney, urine, and plasma samples were collected at scheduled time intervals (3, 7, 14, and 28 days after BDL surgery). Serum and urine biomarkers of kidney injury, markers of oxidative stress and DNA damage, PARP-1 expression and activity in the kidney tissue, inflammatory response, renal fibrosis markers, and kidney histopathological alterations were assessed. Significant changes in the serum and urine biomarkers of kidney injury were evident in the BDL rats. Markers of oxidative stress were increased, and tissue ATP levels and antioxidant capacity were decreased in the kidney of cholestatic animals. A significant increase in PARP-1 expression and activity was evident in BDL rats (3, 7, 14, and 28 days after BDL). Moreover, inflammatory response (IL-1β and TNF-α expression; and myeloperoxidase activity), renal tissue histopathological alterations, and kidney fibrosis (α-SMA and TGF-β expression, as well as collagen deposition) were detected in cholestatic animals. It was found that the PARP-1 inhibitor, NA (50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p), significantly mitigated cholestasis-induced renal injury. The positive effects of NA were more significant at a lower dose and the early stage of CN. These data indicate a pathogenic role for PARP-1 overexpression in CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Siavashpour
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahman Khalvati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Niknahad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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7
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Lespay-Rebolledo C, Tapia-Bustos A, Bustamante D, Morales P, Herrera-Marschitz M. The Long-Term Impairment in Redox Homeostasis Observed in the Hippocampus of Rats Subjected to Global Perinatal Asphyxia (PA) Implies Changes in Glutathione-Dependent Antioxidant Enzymes and TIGAR-Dependent Shift Towards the Pentose Phosphate Pathways: Effect of Nicotinamide. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:472-490. [PMID: 31187430 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We have recently reported that global perinatal asphyxia (PA) induces a regionally sustained increase in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels and GSSG/GSH ratio, a decrease in tissue-reducing capacity, a decrease in catalase activity, and an increase in apoptotic caspase-3-dependent cell death in rat neonatal brain up to 14 postnatal days, indicating a long-term impairment in redox homeostasis. In the present study, we evaluated whether the increase in GSSG/GSH ratio observed in hippocampus involves changes in glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, the enzymes reducing glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and hydroperoxides, respectively, as well as catalase, the enzyme protecting against peroxidation. The study also evaluated whether there is a shift in the metabolism towards the penthose phosphate pathway (PPP), by measuring TIGAR, the TP53-inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator, associated with delayed cell death, further monitoring calpain activity, involved in bax-dependent cell death, and XRCC1, a scaffolding protein interacting with genome sentinel proteins. Global PA was induced by immersing fetus-containing uterine horns removed by a cesarean section from on term rat dams into a water bath at 37 °C for 21 min. Asphyxia-exposed and sibling cesarean-delivered fetuses were manually resuscitated and nurtured by surrogate dams. Animals were euthanized at postnatal (P) days 1 or 14, dissecting samples from hippocampus to be assayed for glutathione, GR, GPx (all by spectrophotometry), catalase (Western blots and ELISA), TIGAR (Western blots), calpain (fluorescence), and XRCC1 (Western blots). One hour after delivery, asphyxia-exposed and control neonates were injected with either 100 μl saline or 0.8 mmol/kg nicotinamide, i.p., shown to protect from the short- and long-term consequences of PA. It was found that global PA produced (i) a sustained increase of GSSG levels and GSSG/GSH ratio at P1 and P14; (ii) a decrease of GR, GPx, and catalase activity at P1 and P14; (iii) a decrease at P1, followed by an increase at P14 of TIGAR levels; (iv) an increase of calpain activity at P14; and (v) an increase of XRCC1 levels, but only at P1. (vi) Nicotinamide prevented the effect of PA on GSSG levels and GSSG/GSH ratio, and on GR, GPx, and catalase activity, also on increased TIGAR levels and calpain activity observed at P14. The present study demonstrates that the long-term impaired redox homeostasis observed in the hippocampus of rats subjected to global PA implies changes in GR, GPx, and catalase, and a shift towards PPP, as indicated by an increase of TIGAR levels at P14.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lespay-Rebolledo
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Av. Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Tapia-Bustos
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Av. Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - D Bustamante
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Av. Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Morales
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Av. Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile. .,Department of Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Av. Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile.
| | - M Herrera-Marschitz
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Av. Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile.
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Vio V, Riveros AL, Tapia-Bustos A, Lespay-Rebolledo C, Perez-Lobos R, Muñoz L, Pismante P, Morales P, Araya E, Hassan N, Herrera-Marschitz M, Kogan MJ. Gold nanorods/siRNA complex administration for knockdown of PARP-1: a potential treatment for perinatal asphyxia. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6839-6854. [PMID: 30498346 PMCID: PMC6207385 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s175076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perinatal asphyxia interferes with neonatal development, resulting in long-term deficits associated with systemic and neurological diseases. Despite the important role of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) in the regulation of gene expression and DNA repair, overactivation of PARP-1 in asphyxia-exposed animals worsens the ATP-dependent energetic crisis. Inhibition of PARP-1 offers a therapeutic strategy for diminishing the effects of perinatal asphyxia. Methods We designed a nanosystem that incorporates a specific siRNA for PARP-1 knockdown. The siRNA was complexed with gold nanorods (AuNR) conjugated to the peptide CLPFFD for brain targeting. Results The siRNA was efficiently delivered into PC12 cells, resulting in gene silencing. The complex was administered intraperitoneally in vivo to asphyxia-exposed rat pups, and the ability of the AuNR-CLPFFD/siRNA complex to reach the brain was demonstrated. Conclusion The combination of a nanosystem for delivery and a specific siRNA for gene silencing resulted in effective inhibition of PARP-1 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Vio
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicology Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, .,Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile,
| | - Ana L Riveros
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicology Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile,
| | - Andrea Tapia-Bustos
- Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile,
| | - Carolyne Lespay-Rebolledo
- Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile,
| | - Ronald Perez-Lobos
- Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile,
| | - Luis Muñoz
- Chemical Meteorology Section, Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Pismante
- Chemical Meteorology Section, Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Morales
- Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, .,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eyleen Araya
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Hassan
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicology Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, .,Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile,
| | - Marcelo J Kogan
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicology Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, .,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile,
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9
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Lespay-Rebolledo C, Perez-Lobos R, Tapia-Bustos A, Vio V, Morales P, Herrera-Marschitz M. Regionally Impaired Redox Homeostasis in the Brain of Rats Subjected to Global Perinatal Asphyxia: Sustained Effect up to 14 Postnatal Days. Neurotox Res 2018; 34:660-676. [PMID: 29959728 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The present report evaluates the effect of global perinatal asphyxia on several parameters of oxidative stress and cell viability in rat brain tissue sampled at an extended neonatal period up to 14 days, a period characterised by intensive neuritogenesis, synaptogenesis, synaptic consolidation, pruning and delayed cell death. Perinatal asphyxia was induced by immersing foetus-containing uterine horns removed by a caesarean section from on term rat dams into a water bath at 37 °C for 21 min. Asphyxia-exposed and sibling caesarean-delivered foetuses were manually resucitated and nurtured by surrogate dams for 1 to 14 postnatal (P) days. Brain samples (mesencephalon, telencephalon and hippocampus) were assayed for glutathione (reduced and oxidated levels; spectrophotometry), tissue reducing capacity (potassium ferricyanide reducing assay, FRAP), catalase (the key enzyme protecting against oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species, Western blots and ELISA) and cleaved caspase-3 (the key executioner of apoptosis, Western blots) levels. It was found that global PA produced a regionally specific and sustained increase in GSSG/GSH ratio, a regionally specific decrease in tissue reducing capacity and a regionally and time specific decrease of catalase activity and increase of cleaved caspase-3 levels. The present study provides evidence for regionally impaired redox homeostasis in the brain of rats subjected to global PA, an effect observed up to P14, mainly affecting mesencephalon and hippocampus, suggesting a sustained oxidative stress after the posthypoxia period. The oxidative stress observed postnatally can in part be associated to a respiratory apneic-like deficit, since there was a statistically significant decrease in respiration frequency in AS compared to CS neonates, also up to P14, together with the signs of a decreased peripheral blood perfusion (pink-blue skin colour in AS, compared to the pink colour observed in all CS neonates). It is proposed that PA implies a long-term metabolic insult, triggered by the length of hypoxia, the resuscitation/reoxigenation manoevres, but also by the developmental stage of the affected brain regions, and the integrity of cardiovascular and respiratory physiological functions, which are fundamental for warrantying a proper development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne Lespay-Rebolledo
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, PO Box 8389100, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ronald Perez-Lobos
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, PO Box 8389100, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Tapia-Bustos
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, PO Box 8389100, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Vio
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, PO Box 8389100, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Morales
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, PO Box 8389100, Santiago, Chile
- Department Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, PO Box 8389100, Santiago, Chile.
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Herrera-Marschitz M, Perez-Lobos R, Lespay-Rebolledo C, Tapia-Bustos A, Casanova-Ortiz E, Morales P, Valdes JL, Bustamante D, Cassels BK. Targeting Sentinel Proteins and Extrasynaptic Glutamate Receptors: a Therapeutic Strategy for Preventing the Effects Elicited by Perinatal Asphyxia? Neurotox Res 2018; 33:461-473. [PMID: 28844085 PMCID: PMC5766721 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9795-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia (PA) is a relevant cause of death at the time of labour, and when survival is stabilised, associated with short- and long-term developmental disabilities, requiring inordinate care by health systems and families. Its prevalence is high (1 to 10/1000 live births) worldwide. At present, there are few therapeutic options, apart from hypothermia, that regrettably provides only limited protection if applied shortly after the insult.PA implies a primary and a secondary insult. The primary insult relates to the lack of oxygen, and the secondary one to the oxidative stress triggered by re-oxygenation, formation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen (RNS) species, and overactivation of glutamate receptors and mitochondrial deficiencies. PA induces overactivation of a number of sentinel proteins, including hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α) and the genome-protecting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). Upon activation, PARP-1 consumes high amounts of ATP at a time when this metabolite is scarce, worsening in turn the energy crisis elicited by asphyxia. The energy crisis also impairs ATP-dependent transport, including glutamate re-uptake by astroglia. Nicotinamide, a PARP-1 inhibitor, protects against the metabolic cascade elicited by the primary stage, avoiding NAD+ exhaustion and the energetic crisis. Upon re-oxygenation, however, oxidative stress leads to nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit p65, overexpression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, and glutamate-excitotoxicity, due to impairment of glial-glutamate transport, extracellular glutamate overflow, and overactivation of NMDA receptors, mainly of the extrasynaptic type. This leads to calcium influx, mitochondrial impairment, and inactivation of antioxidant enzymes, increasing further the activity of pro-oxidant enzymes, thereby making the surviving neonate vulnerable to recurrent metabolic insults whenever oxidative stress is involved. Here, we discuss evidence showing that (i) inhibition of PARP-1 overactivation by nicotinamide and (ii) inhibition of extrasynaptic NMDA receptor overactivation by memantine can prevent the short- and long-term consequences of PA. These hypotheses have been evaluated in a rat preclinical model of PA, aiming to identify the metabolic cascades responsible for the long-term consequences induced by the insult, also assessing postnatal vulnerability to recurrent oxidative insults. Thus, we present and discuss evidence demonstrating that PA induces long-term changes in metabolic pathways related to energy and oxidative stress, priming vulnerability of cells with both the neuronal and the glial phenotype. The effects induced by PA are region dependent, the substantia nigra being particularly prone to cell death. The issue of short- and long-term consequences of PA provides a framework for addressing a fundamental issue referred to plasticity of the CNS, since the perinatal insult triggers a domino-like sequence of events making the developing individual vulnerable to recurrent adverse conditions, decreasing his/her coping repertoire because of a relevant insult occurring at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia, PO Box 8389100, 1027 Santiago, Chile
| | - Ronald Perez-Lobos
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia, PO Box 8389100, 1027 Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Tecnologia Medica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, PO Box 8370146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolyne Lespay-Rebolledo
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia, PO Box 8389100, 1027 Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Tapia-Bustos
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia, PO Box 8389100, 1027 Santiago, Chile
| | - Emmanuel Casanova-Ortiz
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia, PO Box 8389100, 1027 Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Morales
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia, PO Box 8389100, 1027 Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Diego Bustamante
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia, PO Box 8389100, 1027 Santiago, Chile
| | - Bruce K. Cassels
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Gao Y, Wang Z, He W, Ma W, Ni X. Mild hypothermia protects neurons against oxygen glucose deprivation via poly (ADP-ribose) signaling. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 32:1633-1639. [PMID: 29278964 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1413548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypothermia is a neuroprotective mechanism that has been validated for use in alleviating neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) signaling is involved in hypothermia-induced neuroprotection. In this study, we investigated whether mild hypothermia rescues oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced cell death by modifying PAR-relative protein expression, such as AIF, PARP-1, and PAR polymer, in primary-cultured hippocampal neurons. METHODS We analyzed neuronal morphology and related protein expression of PAR signaling after OGD followed by mild hypothermia in primary-cultured newborn hippocampal neurons. RESULTS Hypothermic treatment resulted in improved neuronal viability and alleviated DNA damage. Results from the protein assay showed that hypothermia attenuated nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), inhibited overactivation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), and decreased production of PAR polymer induced by PARP-1 activation after OGD. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that mild hypothermia partially protects immature hippocampal neurons against OGD injury in part by interfering with the PAR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Gao
- a Department of Anaesthesiology , General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- a Department of Anaesthesiology , General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , China
| | - Weikun He
- a Department of Anaesthesiology , General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , China
| | - Wenjing Ma
- a Department of Anaesthesiology , General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , China
| | - Xinli Ni
- a Department of Anaesthesiology , General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , China
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12
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A Controversial Medicolegal Issue: Timing the Onset of Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:6024959. [PMID: 28883688 PMCID: PMC5572618 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6024959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, as a result of chronic, subacute, and acute insults, represents the pathological consequence of fetal distress and birth or perinatal asphyxia, that is, “nonreassuring fetal status.” Hypoxic-ischemic injury (HII) is typically characterized by an early phase of damage, followed by a delayed inflammatory local response, in an apoptosis-necrosis continuum. In the early phase, the cytotoxic edema and eventual acute lysis take place; with reperfusion, additional damage should be assigned to excitotoxicity and oxidative stress. Finally, a later phase involves all the inflammatory activity and long-term neural tissue repairing and remodeling. In this model mechanism, loss of mitochondrial function is supposed to be the hallmark of secondary injury progression, and autophagy which is lysosome-mediated play a role in enhancing brain injury. Early-induced molecules driven by hypoxia, as chaperonins HSPs and ORP150, besides common markers for inflammatory responses, have predictive value in timing the onset of neonatal HII; on the other hand, clinical biomarkers for HII diagnosis, as CK-BB, LDH, S-100beta, and NSE, could be useful to predict outcomes.
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13
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Models of progressive neurological dysfunction originating early in life. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 155:2-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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14
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Vulnerability to a Metabolic Challenge Following Perinatal Asphyxia Evaluated by Organotypic Cultures: Neonatal Nicotinamide Treatment. Neurotox Res 2017. [PMID: 28631256 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9755-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis of enhanced vulnerability following perinatal asphyxia was investigated with a protocol combining in vivo and in vitro experiments. Asphyxia-exposed (AS) (by 21 min water immersion of foetuses containing uterine horns) and caesarean-delivered control (CS) rat neonates were used at P2-3 for preparing triple organotypic cultures (substantia nigra, neostriatum and neocortex). At DIV 18, cultures were exposed to different concentrations of H2O2 (0.25-45 mM), added to the culture medium for 18 h. After a 48-h recovery period, the cultures were either assessed for cell viability or for neurochemical phenotype by confocal microscopy. Energy metabolism (ADP/ATP ratio), oxidative stress (GSH/GSSG) and a modified ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay were applied to homogenates of parallel culture series. In CS cultures, the number of dying cells was similar in substantia nigra, neostriatum and neocortex, but it was several times increased in AS cultures evaluated under the same conditions. A H2O2 challenge led to a concentration-dependent increase in cell death (>fourfold after 0.25 mM of H2O2) in CS cultures. In AS cultures, a significant increase in cell death was only observed after 0.5 mM of H2O2. At higher than 1 mM of H2O2 (up to 45 mM), cell death increased several times in all cultures, but the effect was still more prominent in CS than in AS cultures. The cell phenotype of dying/alive cells was investigated in formalin-fixed cultures exposed to 0 or 1 mM of H2O2, co-labelling for TUNEL (apoptosis), MAP-2 (neuronal phenotype), GFAP (astroglial phenotype) and TH (tyrosine hydroxylase; for dopamine phenotype), counterstaining for DAPI (nuclear staining), also evaluating the effect of a single dose of nicotinamide (0.8 nmol/kg, i.p. injected in 100 μL, 60 min after delivery). Perinatal asphyxia produced a significant increase in the number of DAPI/TUNEL cells/mm3, in substantia nigra and neostriatum. One millimolar of H202 increased the number of DAPI/TUNEL cells/mm3 by ≈twofold in all regions of CS and AS cultures, an effect that was prevented by neonatal nicotinamide treatment. In substantia nigra, the number of MAP-2/TH-positive cells/mm3 was decreased in AS compared to CS cultures, also by 1 mM of H202, both in CS and AS cultures, prevented by nicotinamide. In agreement, the number of MAP-2/TUNEL-positive cells/mm3 was increased by 1 mM H2O2, both in CS (twofold) and AS (threefold) cultures, prevented by nicotinamide. The number of MAP-2/TH/TUNEL-positive cells/mm3 was only increased in CS (>threefold), but not in AS (1.3-fold) cultures. No TH labelling was observed in neostriatum, but 1 mM of H2O2 produced a strong increase in the number of MAP-2/TUNEL-positive cells/mm3, both in CS (>2.9-fold) and AS (>fourfold), decreased by nicotinamide. In neocortex, H2O2 increased the number of MAP-2/TUNEL-positive cells/mm3, both in CS and AS cultures (≈threefold), decreased by nicotinamide. The ADP/ATP ratio was increased in AS culture homogenates (>sixfold), compared to CS homogenates, increased by 1 mM of H202, both in CS and AS homogenates. The GSH/GSSG ratio was significantly decreased in AS, compared to CS cultures. One millimolar of H2O2 decreased that ratio in CS and AS homogenates. The present results demonstrate that perinatal asphyxia induces long-term changes in metabolic pathways related to energy and oxidative stress, priming cell vulnerability with both neuronal and glial phenotype. The observed effects were region dependent, being the substantia nigra particularly prone to cell death. Nicotinamide administration in vivo prevented the deleterious effects observed after perinatal asphyxia in vitro, a suitable pharmacological strategy against the deleterious consequences of perinatal asphyxia.
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15
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Effects of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Inhibition in a Neonatal Rodent Model of Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2924848. [PMID: 28698869 PMCID: PMC5494065 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2924848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Hypoxia ischemia (HI) to the developing brain occurs in 1–6 in 1000 live births. Large numbers of survivors have neurological long-term sequelae. However, mechanisms of recovery after HI are not understood and preventive measures or clinical treatments are not effective. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 is overactivated in response to ischemia. In neonatal mice HI activates PARP-1 but its role in perinatal brain injury remains uncertain. Objective Aim of this study was to explore the effect of TES448 (PARP-1-inhibitor) and hypothermia after an ischemic insult. Design and Methods 10-day-old Wistar rats underwent HI. TES448 was given 10 min, 3 hrs, and 6 hrs after hypoxia. Hypothermia was started 30 min after HI and brains were dissected at P12. Western blotting and histological staining were used to evaluate for degree of injury. Results Protein expression of PARP-1 levels was diminished after TES448 treatment. Cresyl violet and TUNEL staining revealed decreased injury in male rat pups following TES448 and combined treatment. Female rats showed increased numbers of TUNEL-positive cells after combined therapy. TES448 inhibited microglia activation after hypoxic-ischemic injury. A cellular response including NeuN, Olig2, and MBP was not affected by PARP-1-inhibition. Conclusions Inhibition of PARP-1 and hypothermia lead to an alteration of injury but this effect is sexually dimorphic.
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Baldassarro VA, Marchesini A, Giardino L, Calzà L. PARP activity and inhibition in fetal and adult oligodendrocyte precursor cells: Effect on cell survival and differentiation. Stem Cell Res 2017; 22:54-60. [PMID: 28600955 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family members are ubiquitously expressed and play a key role in cellular processes, including DNA repair and cell death/survival balance. Accordingly, PARP inhibition is an emerging pharmacological strategy for cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Consistent evidences support the critical involvement of PARP family members in cell differentiation and phenotype maturation. In this study we used an oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) enriched system derived from fetal and adult brain to investigate the role of PARP in OPCs proliferation, survival, and differentiation. The PARP inhibitors PJ34, TIQ-A and Olaparib were used as pharmacological tools. The main results of the study are: (i) PARP mRNA expression and PARP activity are much higher in fetal than in adult-derived OPCs; (ii) the culture treatment with PARP inhibitors is cytotoxic for OPCs derived from fetal, but not from adult, brain; (iii) PARP inhibition reduces cell number, according to the inhibitory potency of the compounds; (iv) PARP inhibition effect on fetal OPCs is a slow process; (v) PARP inhibition impairs OPCs maturation into myelinating OL in fetal, but not in adult cultures, according to the inhibitory potency of the compounds. These results have implications for PARP-inhibition therapies for diseases and lesions of the central nervous system, in particular for neonatal hypoxic/ischemic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito A Baldassarro
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Italy; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Luciana Giardino
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Italy; IRET Foundation, Ozzano Emilia, Italy; Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Italy; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy; IRET Foundation, Ozzano Emilia, Italy.
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17
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Barkhuizen M, van den Hove DLA, Vles JSH, Steinbusch HWM, Kramer BW, Gavilanes AWD. 25 years of research on global asphyxia in the immature rat brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 75:166-182. [PMID: 28161509 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy remains a common cause of brain damage in neonates. Preterm infants have additional complications, as prematurity by itself increases the risk of encephalopathy. Currently, therapy for this subset of asphyxiated infants is limited to supportive care. There is an urgent need for therapies in preterm infants - and for representative animal models for preclinical drug development. In 1991, a novel rodent model of global asphyxia in the preterm infant was developed in Sweden. This method was based on the induction of asphyxia during the birth processes itself by submerging pups, still in the uterine horns, in a water bath followed by C-section. This insult occurs at a time-point when the rodent brain maturity resembles the brain of a 22-32 week old human fetus. This model has developed over the past 25 years as an established model of perinatal global asphyxia in the early preterm brain. Here we summarize the knowledge gained on the short- and long-term neuropathological and behavioral effects of asphyxia on the immature central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barkhuizen
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; DST/NWU Preclinical Drug Development Platform, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - D L A van den Hove
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - J S H Vles
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Child Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - H W M Steinbusch
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - B W Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A W D Gavilanes
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Institute of Biomedicine, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Ecuador.
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18
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Tapia-Bustos A, Perez-Lobos R, Vío V, Lespay-Rebolledo C, Palacios E, Chiti-Morales A, Bustamante D, Herrera-Marschitz M, Morales P. Modulation of Postnatal Neurogenesis by Perinatal Asphyxia: Effect of D 1 and D 2 Dopamine Receptor Agonists. Neurotox Res 2016; 31:109-121. [PMID: 27638511 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia (PA) is associated to delayed cell death, affecting neurocircuitries of basal ganglia and hippocampus, and long-term neuropsychiatric disabilities. Several compensatory mechanisms have been suggested to take place, including cell proliferation and neurogenesis. There is evidence that PA can increase postnatal neurogenesis in hippocampus and subventricular zone (SVZ), modulated by dopamine, by still unclear mechanisms. We have studied here the effect of selective dopamine receptor agonists on cell death, cell proliferation and neurogenesis in organotypic cultures from control and asphyxia-exposed rats. Hippocampus and SVZ sampled at 1-3 postnatal days were cultured for 20-21 days. At day in vitro (DIV) 19, cultures were treated either with SKF38393 (10 and 100 µM, a D1 agonist), quinpirole (10 µM, a D2 agonist) or sulpiride (10 μM, a D2 antagonist) + quinpirole (10 μM) and BrdU (10 μM, a mitosis marker) for 24 h. At DIV 20-21, cultures were processed for immunocytochemistry for microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2, a neuronal marker), and BrdU, evaluated by confocal microscopy. Some cultures were analysed for cell viability at DIV 20-21 (LIVE/DEAD kit). PA increased cell death, cell proliferation and neurogenesis in hippocampus and SVZ cultures. The increase in cell death, but not in cell proliferation, was inhibited by both SKF38393 and quinpirole treatment. Neurogenesis was increased by quinpirole, but only in hippocampus, in cultures from both asphyxia-exposed and control-animals, effect that was antagonised by sulpiride, leading to the conclusion that dopamine modulates neurogenesis in hippocampus, mainly via D2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tapia-Bustos
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, PO Box 8389100, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Perez-Lobos
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, PO Box 8389100, Santiago, Chile
| | - V Vío
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, PO Box 8389100, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Lespay-Rebolledo
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, PO Box 8389100, Santiago, Chile
| | - E Palacios
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, PO Box 8389100, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Chiti-Morales
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, PO Box 8389100, Santiago, Chile
| | - D Bustamante
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, PO Box 8389100, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Herrera-Marschitz
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, PO Box 8389100, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, BNI, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Morales
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, PO Box 8389100, Santiago, Chile. .,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, BNI, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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19
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Flores-Balter G, Cordova-Jadue H, Chiti-Morales A, Lespay C, Espina-Marchant P, Falcon R, Grinspun N, Sanchez J, Bustamante D, Morales P, Herrera-Marschitz M, Valdés JL. Effect of perinatal asphyxia on tuberomammillary nucleus neuronal density and object recognition memory: A possible role for histamine? Behav Brain Res 2016; 313:226-232. [PMID: 27444242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia (PA) is associated with long-term neuronal damage and cognitive deficits in adulthood, such as learning and memory disabilities. After PA, specific brain regions are compromised, including neocortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia, and ascending neuromodulatory pathways, such as dopamine system, explaining some of the cognitive disabilities. We hypothesize that other neuromodulatory systems, such as histamine system from the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN), which widely project to telencephalon, shown to be relevant for learning and memory, may be compromised by PA. We investigated here the effect of PA on (i) Density and neuronal activity of TMN neurons by double immunoreactivity for adenosine deaminase (ADA) and c-Fos, as marker for histaminergic neurons and neuronal activity respectively. (ii) Expression of the histamine-synthesizing enzyme, histidine decarboxylase (HDC) by western blot and (iii) thioperamide an H3 histamine receptor antagonist, on an object recognition memory task. Asphyxia-exposed rats showed a decrease of ADA density and c-Fos activity in TMN, and decrease of HDC expression in hypothalamus. Asphyxia-exposed rats also showed a low performance in object recognition memory compared to caesarean-delivered controls, which was reverted in a dose-dependent manner by the H3 antagonist thioperamide (5-10mg/kg, i.p.). The present results show that the histaminergic neuronal system of the TMN is involved in the long-term effects induced by PA, affecting learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Flores-Balter
- Program of Physiology & Biophysics, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Héctor Cordova-Jadue
- Program of Physiology & Biophysics, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alessandra Chiti-Morales
- Program of Physiology & Biophysics, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolyne Lespay
- Program of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Espina-Marchant
- Program of Physiology & Biophysics, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile; Program of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Romina Falcon
- Program of Physiology & Biophysics, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, BNI, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Noemi Grinspun
- Program of Physiology & Biophysics, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, BNI, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jessica Sanchez
- Program of Physiology & Biophysics, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, BNI, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Bustamante
- Program of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Morales
- Program of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Program of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, BNI, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile.
| | - José L Valdés
- Program of Physiology & Biophysics, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, BNI, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile.
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20
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Farías JG, Herrera EA, Carrasco-Pozo C, Sotomayor-Zárate R, Cruz G, Morales P, Castillo RL. Pharmacological models and approaches for pathophysiological conditions associated with hypoxia and oxidative stress. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 158:1-23. [PMID: 26617218 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is the failure of oxygenation at the tissue level, where the reduced oxygen delivered is not enough to satisfy tissue demands. Metabolic depression is the physiological adaptation associated with reduced oxygen consumption, which evidently does not cause any harm to organs that are exposed to acute and short hypoxic insults. Oxidative stress (OS) refers to the imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ability of endogenous antioxidant systems to scavenge ROS, where ROS overwhelms the antioxidant capacity. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diseases related to hypoxia during intrauterine development and postnatal life. Thus, excessive ROS are implicated in the irreversible damage to cell membranes, DNA, and other cellular structures by oxidizing lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Here, we describe several pathophysiological conditions and in vivo and ex vivo models developed for the study of hypoxic and oxidative stress injury. We reviewed existing literature on the responses to hypoxia and oxidative stress of the cardiovascular, renal, reproductive, and central nervous systems, and discussed paradigms of chronic and intermittent hypobaric hypoxia. This systematic review is a critical analysis of the advantages in the application of some experimental strategies and their contributions leading to novel pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge G Farías
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de la Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Emilio A Herrera
- Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile; International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | | | - Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral (CNPC), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Cruz
- Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral (CNPC), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Paola Morales
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Rodrigo L Castillo
- Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile.
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