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Gaiaschi L, De Luca F, Roda E, Ferrari B, Casali C, Inguscio CR, Gola F, Pelloni E, Savino E, Ravera M, Rossi P, Bottone MG. A Phyto-mycotherapeutic Supplement, Namely Ganostile, as Effective Adjuvant in Brain Cancer Management: An In Vitro Study Using U251 Human Glioblastoma Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6204. [PMID: 38892392 PMCID: PMC11172483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The current standard oncotherapy for glioblastoma is limited by several adverse side effects, leading to a short-term patient survival rate paralleled by a worsening quality of life (QoL). Recently, Complementary and Integrative Medicine's (CIM) innovative approaches have shown positive impacts in terms of better response to treatment, side effect reduction, and QoL improvement. In particular, promising potential in cancer therapy has been found in compounds coming from phyto- and mycotherapy. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the beneficial effects of a new phyto-mycotherapy supplement, named Ganostile, in the human glioblastoma cell line U251, in combination with chemotherapeutic agents, i.e., Cisplatin and a new platinum-based prodrug. Choosing a supplement dosage that mimicked oral supplementation in humans (about 1 g/day), through in vitro assays, microscopy, and cytometric analysis, it has emerged that the cells, after 48hr continuous exposure to Ganostile in combination with the chemical compounds, showed a higher mortality and a lower proliferation rate than the samples subjected to the different treatments administered individually. In conclusion, our data support the use of Ganostile in integrative oncology protocols as a promising adjuvant able to amplify conventional and new drug effects and also reducing resistance mechanisms often observed in brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Gaiaschi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Luca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Roda
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Beatrice Ferrari
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Casali
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Rita Inguscio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Gola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Pelloni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Savino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DSTA), University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Ravera
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Paola Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Bottone
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Gaiaschi L, Favaron C, Casali C, Gola F, De Luca F, Ravera M, Roda E, Rossi P, Bottone MG. Study on the activation of cell death mechanisms: in search of new therapeutic targets in glioblastoma multiforme. Apoptosis 2023:10.1007/s10495-023-01857-x. [PMID: 37244884 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Malignant primary brain tumors remain among the most difficult cancers to treat, in particular, Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the deadliest brain tumor. The standard therapies currently used are not efficient enough in improving patients' survival and quality of life. Cisplatin (CDDP), a platinum-based drug, has shown efficacy against different solid neoplasms, but it is also associated to different forms of off-target toxicity. To overcome the limitation in the use of CDDP in the treatment of GBM patients, fourth generation platinum compounds are been synthesized, one of them is the Pt(IV)Ac-POA, a prodrug with a medium-chain fatty acid as axial ligand, which acts as a histone 3 deacetylase inhibitor. Moreover, recently, the antioxidant effects of medicinal mushrooms have been shown to induce a lowering of the toxicity of chemotherapy drugs, inducing greater therapeutic efficiency, thus the combined therapy of chemotherapy and micotherapy could be helpful in the treatment of GBM reducing the adverse effects of the former thanks to phytotherapy's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antitumoral activities. Here, through immunoblotting, ultrastructural and immunofluorescence analysis, we evaluated the contribution in the activation of different cell death pathway of Micotherapy U-Care, a medicinal blend supplement, used together with platinum-based compounds on human glioblastoma U251 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Gaiaschi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Cristina Favaron
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Casali
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Gola
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Luca
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Ravera
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elisa Roda
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, ICS Maugeri Spa, IRCCS Pavia, Via Maugeri 10, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Rossi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Integrated Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Bottone
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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Alfonso-Triguero P, Lorenzo J, Candiota AP, Arús C, Ruiz-Molina D, Novio F. Platinum-Based Nanoformulations for Glioblastoma Treatment: The Resurgence of Platinum Drugs? NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13101619. [PMID: 37242036 DOI: 10.3390/nano13101619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Current therapies for treating Glioblastoma (GB), and brain tumours in general, are inefficient and represent numerous challenges. In addition to surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are presently used as standards of care. However, treated patients still face a dismal prognosis with a median survival below 15-18 months. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the main chemotherapeutic agent administered; however, intrinsic or acquired resistance to TMZ contributes to the limited efficacy of this drug. To circumvent the current drawbacks in GB treatment, a large number of classical and non-classical platinum complexes have been prepared and tested for anticancer activity, especially platinum (IV)-based prodrugs. Platinum complexes, used as alkylating agents in the anticancer chemotherapy of some malignancies, are though often associated with severe systemic toxicity (i.e., neurotoxicity), especially after long-term treatments. The objective of the current developments is to produce novel nanoformulations with improved lipophilicity and passive diffusion, promoting intracellular accumulation, while reducing toxicity and optimizing the concomitant treatment of chemo-/radiotherapy. Moreover, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents the access of the drugs to the brain and accumulation in tumour cells, so it represents a key challenge for GB management. The development of novel nanomedicines with the ability to (i) encapsulate Pt-based drugs and pro-drugs, (ii) cross the BBB, and (iii) specifically target cancer cells represents a promising approach to increase the therapeutic effect of the anticancer drugs and reduce undesired side effects. In this review, a critical discussion is presented concerning different families of nanoparticles able to encapsulate platinum anticancer drugs and their application for GB treatment, emphasizing their potential for increasing the effectiveness of platinum-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Alfonso-Triguero
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Lorenzo
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Candiota
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Carles Arús
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Daniel Ruiz-Molina
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Novio
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Gola F, Gaiaschi L, Roda E, De Luca F, Ferulli F, Vicini R, Rossi P, Bottone MG. Voghera Sweet Pepper: A Potential Ally against Oxidative Stress and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043782. [PMID: 36835192 PMCID: PMC9959306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the potential functional properties of the extracts from the edible part of Capsicum annuum L. var. Peperone di Voghera (VP) were studied. The phytochemical analysis revealed a high amount of ascorbic acid, paralleled by a low carotenoid content. Normal human diploid fibroblasts (NHDF) were chosen as the in vitro model models to investigate the effects of the VP extract on oxidative stress and aging pathways. The extract of Carmagnola pepper (CP), another important Italian variety, was used as the reference vegetable. The cytotoxicity evaluation was performed firstly, using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, while the VP potential antioxidant and antiaging activity was investigated by immunofluorescence staining focusing on specifically selected proteins. The MTT data revealed the highest cell viability at a concentration of up to 1 mg/mL. The immunocytochemical analyses highlighted an increased expression of transcription factors and enzymes involved in redox homeostasis (Nrf2, SOD2, catalase), improved mitochondrial functionality, and the up-regulation of the longevity gene SIRT1. The present results supported the functional role of the VP pepper ecotype, suggesting a feasible use of its derived products as valuable food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Gola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ludovica Gaiaschi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Roda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre—National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Luca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Vicini
- Bio Basic Europe S.R.L., Via Taramelli 24, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Bottone
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0039-0382986319
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The power of a novel combined anticancer therapy: challenge and opportunity of micotherapy in the treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113729. [PMID: 36166961 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and mortal primary brain tumor in human. After standard therapies, that include surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, it is difficult to completely remove the tumor and the development of relapses and resistance is almost inevitable. The chemotherapy now available also show important side effects, to overcame those limitation, new platinum-based drugs are being synthetized, Pt(IV)Ac-POA, (OC-6-44)-acetate-diamine-chloride(2-(2-propynyl)octanoato)platinum(IV), a prodrug having an Histone-3-DeAcetylase-Inhibitor as axial ligands, is one of them. Moreover, new compounds of plant origin are increasingly seen as potential sources of benefits in oncological treatments. The aim of the study is to investigate the possible contribution of micotherapy in the fight against GBM, its role in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its synergic effect with a new platinum-based compound, Pt(IV)Ac-POA, on human glioblastoma U251 cells. Through cytofluorimetric and immunofluorescence analysis, the ability of the micotherapy in study to regulate the cell cycle was assessed, and its importance in controlling the cellular redox state was also revealed, opening to the possibility of a new therapy in which micotherapy can support the activity of new chemotherapy while reducing its side effects controlling inflammatory conditions in the microenvironment. Additionally, the combined therapy appeared able to induce regulated form of necrosis, such as ferroptosis, and to hinder the establishment of resistance mechanisms.
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Akkoç M, Khan S, Yüce H, Türkmen NB, Yaşar Ş, Yaşar S, Özdemir İ. Molecular docking and in vitro anticancer studies of silver(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10133. [PMID: 36016530 PMCID: PMC9396551 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of symmetric and unsymmetrical benzimidazolium-based N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors (1a-i) and their silver complexes (2a-i) have been synthesized. The Ag(I)–NHC complexes were characterized by 1H, 13C{1H} NMR, FTIR, LC/MS-QTOF, and elemental analysis. Anticancer and cytotoxic activity of all Ag(I)–NHC complexes were tested against healthy fibroblast cell line (L929), breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), and neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) by MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] assay. The 2b, 2c, 2e, 2g, 2h, and 2i complexes showed higher cytotoxicity than cisplatin against SH-SY5Y and MCF-7 and lower cytotoxic activity against L929 cell lines. Because of their high cytotoxic activity against cancer cells and low cytotoxicity against healthy fibroblast cell lines, the 2b, 2c, 2e, 2g, 2h, and 2i are expected to be new lead compounds. In addition, molecular docking studies were performed to explore the binding interactions of silver complexes with the enzyme to explore new anticancer compounds. Furthermore, ADME properties of all complexes were predicted to explore lead-like characteristics and may be a potential drug candidate for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitat Akkoç
- Malatya Turgut Özal University, Hekimhan Vocational College, Department of Property Protection and Security, Hekimhan, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Siraj Khan
- Quaid-i-Azam University, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Hande Yüce
- İnönü University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of pharmaceutical toxicology, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Neşe Başak Türkmen
- İnönü University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of pharmaceutical toxicology, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Şeyma Yaşar
- Inönü University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Sedat Yaşar
- İnönü University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
- Corresponding author.
| | - İsmail Özdemir
- İnönü University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
- İnönü University, Drug Application and Research Center, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
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Gabano E, Gariboldi MB, Caron G, Ermondi G, Marras E, Vallaro M, Ravera M. Application of the anthraquinone drug rhein as an axial ligand in bifunctional Pt(IV) complexes to obtain antiproliferative agents against human glioblastoma cells. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:6014-6026. [PMID: 35352739 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00235c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Octahedral Pt(IV) prodrugs are an effective way to combine cisplatin-like moieties and a second drug to obtain selective and stimuli responsive bifunctional antiproliferative compounds. Recently, two bifunctional Pt(IV) complexes have shown interesting in vitro and in vivo effects in glioblastoma, the most aggressive primary brain tumor. An interesting observation indicates that 4,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-carboxylic acid (rhein) can inhibit in vivo glioma tumor progression. Furthermore, a prodrug in which cisplatin was combined with two molecules of rhein showed a potency higher than that of cisplatin toward cisplatin-resistant lung carcinoma cells. However, the high lipophilicity of this type of complex affects their solubility and bioavailability. To overcome these limits, in the present work, three Pt(IV) derivatives were obtained by differently linking one molecule of rhein and one acetato ligand at the axial position to a cisplatin core. The complexes proved to be similar to or more potent than the parent cisplatin and rhein, and the reference drug temozolomide on two human glioblastoma cell lines (U87-MG and T98G). They retained their activity under hypoxia and caused a significant reduction in the motility of both cell lines, which can be related to their ability to inhibit MMP2 and MMP9 matrix metalloproteinases. Finally, physicochemical and computational studies indicated that these Pt(IV) derivatives are more prone than rhein to cross the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Gabano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Marzia Bruna Gariboldi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita (DBSV), Università dell'Insubria, via Dunant 3, Varese, Italy
| | - Giulia Caron
- CASSMedChem, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute, Università di Torino, Via Quarello 15, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ermondi
- CASSMedChem, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute, Università di Torino, Via Quarello 15, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Marras
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita (DBSV), Università dell'Insubria, via Dunant 3, Varese, Italy
| | - Maura Vallaro
- CASSMedChem, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute, Università di Torino, Via Quarello 15, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Mauro Ravera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
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Ferrari B, Roda E, Priori EC, De Luca F, Facoetti A, Ravera M, Brandalise F, Locatelli CA, Rossi P, Bottone MG. A New Platinum-Based Prodrug Candidate for Chemotherapy and Its Synergistic Effect With Hadrontherapy: Novel Strategy to Treat Glioblastoma. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:589906. [PMID: 33828444 PMCID: PMC8019820 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.589906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common tumor of the central nervous system. Current therapies, often associated with severe side effects, are inefficacious to contrast the GBM relapsing forms. In trying to overcome these drawbacks, (OC-6-44)-acetatodiamminedichlorido(2-(2-propynyl)octanoato)platinum(IV), also called Pt(IV)Ac-POA, has been recently synthesized. This new prodrug bearing as axial ligand (2-propynyl)octanoic acid (POA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, has a higher activity due to (i) its high cellular accumulation by virtue of its high lipophilicity and (ii) the inhibition of histone deacetylase, which leads to the increased exposure of nuclear DNA, permitting higher platination and promoting cancer cell death. In the present study, we investigated the effects induced by Pt(IV)Ac-POA and its potential antitumor activity in human U251 glioblastoma cell line using a battery of complementary techniques, i.e., flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, TEM, and Western blotting analyses. In addition, the synergistic effect of Pt(IV)Ac-POA associated with the innovative oncological hadrontherapy with carbon ions was investigated, with the aim to identify the most efficient anticancer treatment combination. Our in vitro data demonstrated that Pt(IV)Ac-POA is able to induce cell death, through different pathways, at concentrations lower than those tested for other platinum analogs. In particular, an enduring Pt(IV)Ac-POA antitumor effect, persisting in long-term treatment, was demonstrated. Interestingly, this effect was further amplified by the combined exposure to carbon ion radiation. In conclusion, Pt(IV)Ac-POA represents a promising prodrug to be incorporated into the treatment regimen for GBM. Moreover, the synergistic efficacy of the combined protocol using chemotherapeutic Pt(IV)Ac-POA followed by carbon ion radiation may represent a promising approach, which may overcome some typical limitations of conventional therapeutic protocols for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Ferrari
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Roda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Erica Cecilia Priori
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Luca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Angelica Facoetti
- National Center of Oncological Hadrontherapy (Fondazione CNAO), Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Ravera
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Alessandria, Italy
| | - Federico Brandalise
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences (NEUFO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Alessandro Locatelli
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Bottone
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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9
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Ratto D, Ferrari B, Roda E, Brandalise F, Siciliani S, De Luca F, Priori EC, Di Iorio C, Cobelli F, Veneroni P, Bottone MG, Rossi P. Squaring the Circle: A New Study of Inward and Outward-Rectifying Potassium Currents in U251 GBM Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 40:813-828. [PMID: 31845161 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00776-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the functional role of the inwardly rectifying K+ channel, Kir4.1, and large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channel during cell migration in U251 cell line was investigated. We focused on polarised cells which are positive for the active-Cdc42 migration marker. The perforated patch technique was used to avoid intracellular dialysis and to maintain physiological changes in intracellular calcium. Wound healing was employed to assay migration after 24 h. Polarised cells recorded displayed different hallmarks of undifferentiated glial cells: depolarised resting membrane potential and high membrane resistance. Cells recorded outside wounded area did not display either constitutive inward or outward rectification. After migration, U251 cells were characterised by a constitutively smaller Kir4.1 and larger BK currents with a linearly related amplitude. Menthol modulation increased both currents in a linearly dependent manner, indicating a common mechanism triggered by activation of transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8), a Ca2+-permeable non-selective cation channel. We hypothesised that both migration and menthol modulation would share an increase of intracellular calcium triggering the increase in Kir4.1 and BK channels. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated the cytoplasmic expression of both Kir4.1 and BK channels and a mislocation in the nucleus under basal conditions. Before and after migration, polarised cells increased the expression of Kir4.1 and BK channels both in the cytoplasm and nucleus. TEM ultrastructural analysis displayed a different nuclear distribution of Kir4.1 and BK channels. In the present study, the physiological role of Kir4.1 and BK currents at membrane potential, their involvement in migration, and the functional role of nuclear channels were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ratto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Beatrice Ferrari
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Roda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Toxicology Unit, Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, ICS Maugeri SpA, IRCCS Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federico Brandalise
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences (NEUFO), University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stella Siciliani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Luca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Erica Cecilia Priori
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carmine Di Iorio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Filippo Cobelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Veneroni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Bottone
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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