LncRNA Riken Attenuated Sevoflurane-Induced Neuroinflammation by Regulating the MicroRNA-101a/MKP-1/JNK Pathway

LncRNA SNHG3 Promotes Sevoflurane-Induced Neuronal Injury by Activating NLRP3 via NEK7

BACKGROUND

Early exposure to sevoflurane may cause brain tissue degeneration; however, the mechanism involved in this process has not been explored. In this study, we investigated the role of long non-coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 3 (lncRNA SNHG3) in sevoflurane-induced neuronal injury.

METHODS

The injury models of HT22 and primary cultures of neurons were constructed using sevoflurane treatment. The WST-8 reduction was detected by CCK-8 assay, the level of inflammatory factors was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and cell pyroptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of genes and proteins was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The level of β-tubulin III in primary cultures of hippocampal neurons was analyzed by immunofluorescence. The relationship among SNHG3, PTBP1 and NEK7 was confirmed by RIP assay.

RESULTS

The expression of SNHG3 and NEK7 were enhanced in sevoflurane-treated HT22 cells. Sevoflurane inhibited the WST-8 reduction in a concentration-dependent manner, promoted the pyroptosis, and increased pyroptosis-related protein expression. SNHG3 knockdown significantly inhibited sevoflurane-induced pyroptosis and inflammatory injury in HT22 cells and primary cultures of neurons. Furthermore, SNHG3 regulated NEK7 expression by binding to PTBP1. NEK7 knockdown reversed the decrease in WST-8 reduction, inhibited pyroptosis, and decreased the release of inflammatory factors and pyroptosis-related protein expression by inactivation of NLRP3 signaling in sevoflurane-induced HT22 cells. Moreover, NEK7 overexpression attenuated the effect of SNHG3 knockdown on neuronal pyroptosis and inflammation injury.

CONCLUSION

Downregulation of SNHG3 attenuates sevoflurane-induced neuronal inflammation and pyroptosis by mediating the NEK7/NLRP3 axis, suggesting that SNHG3 could be a potential target gene for neuronal injury.

Anesthesia and developing brain: What have we learned from recent studies

Anesthesia is unavoidable in surgical procedures. However, whether the general anesthetics are neurotoxic to immature brains remains undefined. Neurodevelopmental impairment induced by anesthesia has been a critical health issue and topic of concern. This review summarizes recent progress made in clinical and preclinical studies to provide useful suggestions and potential therapeutic targets for the protection of the immature brain. On the one hand, clinical researchers continue the debate about the effect of single and multiple exposures to anesthesia on developing brains. On the other hand, preclinical researchers focus on exploring the mechanisms of neurotoxic effects of general anesthesia on immature brains and seeking novel solutions. Rodent models have always been used in preclinical studies, but it is still unclear whether the mechanisms observed in rodent models have clinical relevance. Compared with these models, non-human primates (NHPs) are more genetically similar to humans. However, few research institutions in this area can afford to use NHP models in their studies. One way to address both problems is by combining single-cell sequencing technologies to screen differential gene expression in NHPs and perform in vivo validation in rodents. The mechanism of anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity still requires further elucidation in primates.

Sevoflurane anesthesia ameliorates LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) by modulating a novel LncRNA LINC00839/miR-223/NLRP3 axis

Background

Sevoflurane is considered as a lung-protective factor in acute lung injury (ALI), but the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. The present study identified for the first time that sevoflurane ameliorated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI through regulating a novel long non-coding RNA LINC00839, and uncovered its regulatory mechanism.

Methods

LPS-induced ALI models were established in mice or mouse pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (MPVECs), and they were administered with sevoflurane. Real-Time quantitative PCR, western blot and bioinformatics analysis were performed to screen the aberrantly expressed long non-coding RNA and the downstream molecules in sevoflurane-treated ALI models, and their roles in the protection effect of sevoflurane were verified by functional recovery experiments.

Results

Sevoflurane relieved LPS-induced lung injury, cell pyroptosis and inflammation in vitro and in vivo. LINC00839 was significantly suppressed by sevoflurane, and overexpression of LINC00839 abrogated the protective effects of sevoflurane on LPS-treated MPVECs. Mechanismly, LINC00839 positively regulated NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) via sequestering miR-223. MiR-223 inhibitor reversed the inhibitory effects of LINC00839 knockdown on NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in LPS-treated MPVECs. Furthermore, both miR-223 ablation and NLRP3 overexpression abrogated the protective effects of sevoflurane on LPS-treated MPVECs.

Conclusion

In general, our work illustrates that sevoflurane regulates the LINC00839/miR-223/NLRP3 axis to ameliorate LPS-induced ALI, which might provide a novel promising candidate for the prevention of ALI.