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Dawes J, Rogans-Watson R, Broderick J. 'You can change your life through sports'-physical activity interventions to improve the health and well-being of adults experiencing homelessness: a mixed-methods systematic review. Br J Sports Med 2024; 58:444-458. [PMID: 38413132 PMCID: PMC11041619 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Systematically synthesise evidence of physical activity interventions for people experiencing homelessness (PEH). DESIGN Mixed-methods systematic review. DATA SOURCES EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, PubMed (MEDLINE), PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane Library, searched from inception to October 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA PICO framework: population (quantitative/qualitative studies of PEH from high-income countries); intervention (physical activity); comparison (with/without comparator) and outcome (any health/well-being-related outcome). The risk of bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. RESULTS 3615 records were screened, generating 18 reports (17 studies, 11 qualitative and 6 quantitative (1 randomised controlled trial, 4 quasi-experimental, 1 analytical cross-sectional)) from the UK, USA, Denmark and Australia, including 554 participants (516 PEH, 38 staff). Interventions included soccer (n=7), group exercise (indoor (n=3), outdoor (n=5)) and individual activities (n=2). The risk of bias assessment found study quality to vary; with 6 being high, 6 moderate, 4 low and 1 very low. A mixed-methods synthesis identified physical and mental health benefits. Qualitative evidence highlighted benefits carried into wider life, the challenges of participating and the positive impact of physical activity on addiction. Qualitative and quantitative evidence was aligned demonstrating the mental health benefits of outdoor exercise and increased physical activity from indoor group exercise. Quantitative evidence also suggests improved musculoskeletal health, cardiovascular fitness, postural balance and blood lipid markers (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Qualitative evidence suggests that physical activity interventions for PEH can benefit health and well-being with positive translation to wider life. There was limited positive quantitative evidence, although most was inconclusive. Although the evidence suggests a potential recommendation for physical activity interventions for PEH, results may not be transferable outside high-income countries. Further research is required to determine the effectiveness and optimal programme design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Dawes
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Julie Broderick
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Ellens S, Middleton K, Gastin PB, Varley MC. Techniques to derive and clean acceleration and deceleration data of athlete tracking technologies in team sports: A scoping review. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:1772-1800. [PMID: 35446231 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2054535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The application of acceleration and deceleration data as a measure of an athlete's physical performance is common practice in team sports. Acceleration and deceleration are monitored with athlete tracking technologies during training and games to quantify training load, prevent injury and enhance performance. However, inconsistencies exist throughout the literature in the reported methodological procedures used to quantify acceleration and deceleration. The object of this review was to systematically map and provide a summary of the methodological procedures being used on acceleration and deceleration data obtained from athlete tracking technologies in team sports and describe the applications of the data. Systematic searches of multiple databases were undertaken. To be included, studies must have investigated full body acceleration and/or deceleration data of athlete tracking technologies. The search identified 276 eligible studies. Most studies (60%) did not provide information on how the data was derived and what sequence of steps were taken to clean the data. Acceleration and deceleration data were commonly applied to quantify and describe movement demands using effort metrics. This scoping review identified research gaps in the methodological procedures and deriving and cleaning techniques that warrant future research focussing on their effect on acceleration and deceleration data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Ellens
- Sport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services & Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kane Middleton
- Sport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services & Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul B Gastin
- Sport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services & Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew C Varley
- Sport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services & Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Scanlan AT, Fox JL, Milanović Z, Stojanović E, Stanton R, Dalbo VJ. Individualized and Fixed Thresholds to Demarcate PlayerLoad Intensity Zones Produce Different Outcomes. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:2046-2052. [PMID: 30747898 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Scanlan, AT, Fox, JL, Milanović, Z, Stojanović, E, Stanton, R, and Dalbo, VJ. Individualized and fixed thresholds to demarcate PlayerLoad intensity zones produce different outcomes. J Strength Cond Res 35(7): 2046-2052, 2021-Individualized approaches to derive intensity zones are yet to be examined using microsensor metrics in basketball. The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare the time spent in different PlayerLoad intensity zones using individualized and fixed approaches during basketball training. Thirteen semiprofessional, male basketball players were monitored across the preparatory training phase. Microsensors recorded the time spent in 6 PlayerLoad intensity zones using individualized and fixed approaches. Individualized zones were calculated relative to the peak instantaneous PlayerLoad response observed in each player across training. Fixed zones were determined following predefined cut-points set in proprietary software. The majority of training time was spent in zones 1-2 (98-99%), with a low proportion of time detected in zones 3-6 (1-2%) across approaches. The fixed approach produced greater training time in zones 2 (11.9 ± 1.2 vs. 9.3 ± 2.4 minutes; very likely large) and 3 (1.7 ± 0.8 vs. 0.8 ± 0.9 minutes; very likely moderate), was an unclear small increase in time spent in zone 1 were apparent using individualized thresholds (76.5 ± 11.2 vs. 72.9 ± 9.6 minutes). Almost certain similar time was spent in zones 4-6 across approaches. Individual analyses showed deviations across players; however, fixed PlayerLoad thresholds produced higher training time in zones 2 (moderate to very large), 3 (moderate to very large), 4 (moderate to large), and 5 (moderate) than the individualized approach in most players. Variations in outcomes between individualized and fixed approaches must be considered when quantifying the time spent working in PlayerLoad intensity zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Scanlan
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia ; and
| | - Jordan L Fox
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia ; and
| | - Zoran Milanović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia; and
- Science and Research Center Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Emilija Stojanović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia; and
| | - Robert Stanton
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia ; and
| | - Vincent J Dalbo
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia ; and
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Kiernan S, Mockler D, Ní Cheallaigh C, Broderick J. Physical functioning limitations and physical activity of people experiencing homelessness: A scoping review. HRB Open Res 2021; 3:14. [PMID: 33728397 PMCID: PMC7934094 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13011.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adults who are experiencing homelessness suffer higher levels of premature mortality and age-related medical conditions compared to the general population, but little is known about physical factors that influence their health experience. The aim of this scoping review was to evaluate what is known about physical functional limitations and physical activity levels and how they are measured in adults experiencing homelessness. Methods: This review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute's methodology for scoping reviews. Suitable quantitative and qualitative articles were searched using PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsychInfo, Web of Science and SCOPUS databases using a combination of keywords and a gray literature search was performed. Two reviewers independently screened articles for inclusion. Inclusion criteria were studies that examined physical functional limitations and/or physical activity among homeless adults (with/without co-occurring mental illness, infectious disease, substance use disorder), as a primary or secondary outcome measure. Results: We identified 15 studies for inclusion including 2,018 participants. Studies were primarily quantitative (n=13) and there were 2 qualitative studies. The following outcomes related to physical functioning were reported; mobility levels (n=3), frailty (n=1), flexibility (n=2), strength (n=1), physical symptom burden (n=3), and exercise capacity (n=3). Eight studies reported outcomes related to physical activity. The majority of studies reported high levels of functional limitations among participants and low physical activity levels although a spectrum of abilities was noted. Conclusion: This review showed that many adults who are homeless appear to show a high burden of physical functional limitations and low physical activity levels but more objective and consistent measures should be applied to examine these factors in future studies. This will help address and plan future care, physical rehabilitation and housing needs for this vulnerable cohort. This scoping review will help direct research and future systematic reviews in this emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinéad Kiernan
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Physiotherapy, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Mockler
- John Stearne Medical Library, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clíona Ní Cheallaigh
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julie Broderick
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Kiernan S, Mockler D, Ní Cheallaigh C, Broderick J. Physical functioning limitations and physical activity of people experiencing homelessness: A scoping review. HRB Open Res 2020; 3:14. [PMID: 33728397 PMCID: PMC7934094 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13011.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Adults who are experiencing homelessness suffer higher levels of premature mortality and age-related medical conditions compared to the general population, but little is known about physical factors that influence their health experience. This review aimed to evaluate what is known about physical functional limitations and physical activity levels, and how these constructs are measured in adults experiencing homelessness. Methods: This review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute's methodology for scoping reviews. Suitable quantitative and qualitative articles were searched using PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsychInfo, Web of Science and SCOPUS databases using a combination of keywords and medical subject headings and a grey literature search was also performed. Two reviewers independently screened articles for inclusion. Inclusion criteria were studies that examined physical functional limitations and/or physical activity among homeless adults (with/without co-occurring mental illness, infectious disease, substance use disorder), as a primary or secondary outcome measure. Results: We identified 15 studies for inclusion including 2,018 participants. Studies were primarily quantitative (n=11) and there were 4 qualitative studies. The following physical focused measures were evaluated across studies; mobility levels (n=2), frailty (n=1), flexibility (n=2), strength (n=1), physical symptom burden (n=3), physical activity levels (n=6) and exercise capacity (n=3). The majority of studies reported high levels of functional limitations among participants and low physical activity levels although a spectrum of abilities was noted. Conclusion: This review showed that many adults who are homeless appear to show a high burden of physical functional limitations and low physical activity levels but more objective and consistent measures should be applied to examine these factors in future studies. This will help address and plan future care, physical rehabilitation and housing needs for this vulnerable cohort. This scoping review will help direct research and future systematic reviews in this emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinéad Kiernan
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Physiotherapy, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Mockler
- John Stearne Medical Library, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clíona Ní Cheallaigh
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julie Broderick
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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