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Xu Y, Zhu H, Denduluri A, Ou Y, Erkamp NA, Qi R, Shen Y, Knowles TPJ. Recent Advances in Microgels: From Biomolecules to Functionality. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200180. [PMID: 35790106 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The emerging applications of hydrogel materials at different length scales, in areas ranging from sustainability to health, have driven the progress in the design and manufacturing of microgels. Microgels can provide miniaturized, monodisperse, and regulatable compartments, which can be spatially separated or interconnected. These microscopic materials provide novel opportunities for generating biomimetic cell culture environments and are thus key to the advances of modern biomedical research. The evolution of the physical and chemical properties has, furthermore, highlighted the potentials of microgels in the context of materials science and bioengineering. This review describes the recent research progress in the fabrication, characterization, and applications of microgels generated from biomolecular building blocks. A key enabling technology allowing the tailoring of the properties of microgels is their synthesis through microfluidic technologies, and this paper highlights recent advances in these areas and their impact on expanding the physicochemical parameter space accessible using microgels. This review finally discusses the emerging roles that microgels play in liquid-liquid phase separation, micromechanics, biosensors, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Xu
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Hongjia Zhu
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Akhila Denduluri
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Yangteng Ou
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Nadia A Erkamp
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Runzhang Qi
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Yi Shen
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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Birkelbach MA, Smeets R, Fiedler I, Kluwe L, Wehner M, Trebst T, Hartjen P. In Vitro Feasibility Analysis of a New Sutureless Wound-Closure System Based on a Temperature-Regulated Laser and a Transparent Collagen Membrane for Laser Tissue Soldering (LTS). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197104. [PMID: 32993100 PMCID: PMC7582393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For the post-surgical treatment of oral wounds and mucosal defects beyond a certain size, the gold standard is still an autologous skin or mucosal graft in combination with complex suturing techniques. A variety of techniques and biomaterials has been developed for sutureless wound closure including different tissue glues or collagen patches. However, no wound covering that enables for sutureless fixation has yet been introduced. Thus, a new system was developed that allows for sutureless wound covering including a transparent collagen membrane, which can be attached to the mucosa using a specially modified 2λ laser beam with integrated temperature sensors and serum albumin as bio-adhesive. The sutureless wound closure system was tested for its applicability and its cytocompatibility by an established in vitro model in the present study. The feasibility of the laser system was tested ex vivo on a porcine palate. The in vitro cytocompatibility tests excluded the potential release of toxic substances from the laser-irradiated collagen membrane and the bio-adhesive. The results of the ex vivo feasibility study using a porcine palate revealed satisfactory mean tensile strength of 1.2–1.5 N for the bonding of the membrane to the tissue fixed with laser of 980 nm. The results suggest that our newly developed laser-assisted wound closure system is a feasible approach and could be a first step on the way towards a laser based sutureless clinical application in tissue repair and oral surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Alexander Birkelbach
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (R.S.); (L.K.); (P.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-40-74-105-3254
| | - Ralf Smeets
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (R.S.); (L.K.); (P.H.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Imke Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Lan Kluwe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (R.S.); (L.K.); (P.H.)
| | - Martin Wehner
- ILT, Fraunhofer-Institute for Laser Technology, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | | | - Philip Hartjen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (R.S.); (L.K.); (P.H.)
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Colak B, Yormaz S, Ece I, Çalişir A, Körez K, Çınar M, Sahin M. Comparison of Collagen Granule Dressing Versus Conventional Dressing in Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcer. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LOWER EXTREMITY WOUNDS 2020; 21:279-289. [PMID: 32734790 DOI: 10.1177/1534734620938988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background. Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a difficult, chronic wound with a significant long-term influence on the morbidity, mortality, and quality of life of patients. There is much information about the biochemical features of collagen and its function in wound healing. The aim of this study was to compare the results of DFU patients treated with and without collagen. Methods. A retrospective evaluation was made of the data of patients with DFU who underwent collagen treatment and physiological serum (PS) treatment. The patients were followed-up for a minimum of 12 weeks, and all complications, healing process, and wound characteristics were recorded. Results. Of the total 64 DFU patients included in the study, 30 were treated with PS and 34 with collagen. Complete closure was achieved in 17 (56.6%) of the PS group patients after 12 weeks of treatment. The rate was 25 (73.5%) in the collagen group. The mean duration of treatment was 9.2 weeks (range = 6-12 weeks) in the PS group and 8.08 weeks (range = 5-12 weeks) in the collagen group. The recovery time and recovery rates were determined to be better in the collagen group than in the PS group. Conclusion. A significant reduction in wound size was seen in the collagen group compared with the PS group. The results of this study demonstrated that collagen dressings are better than conventional dressings with regard to early granulation tissue and shorter hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayram Colak
- Selcuk Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Selçuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Serdar Yormaz
- Selcuk Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Selçuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ilhan Ece
- Selcuk Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Selçuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Akin Çalişir
- Selcuk Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Selçuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Kazım Körez
- Selcuk Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Selçuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Çınar
- Selcuk Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Selçuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Selcuk Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Selçuklu, Konya, Turkey
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Evaluation of Bovine-Derived Collagen Membrane in Oral Surgical Mucosal Defects. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2019; 18:466-473. [PMID: 31371892 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-018-1172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The overall purpose of this clinical study is to evaluate the effectiveness of bovine-derived collagen in surgical oral mucosal defects. Patients and methods The study model included thirty-two patients who underwent surgery for benign and malignant lesions of oral cavity in the Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India-from 2012 to 2018. The surgical oral mucosal defects had been reconstructed with a commercially available bovine-derived type I collagen [Surgicoll-Mesh, 0.5 mm thick] membrane. The clinical effectiveness of this collagen membrane was evaluated using parameters like haemostasis, pain, epithelialisation, granulation tissue formation and mouth opening as the functional test parameter. Results The clinical outcome results documented proved that the bovine-derived collagen membrane showed excellent significant results with respect to haemostasis, pain relief, epithelialisation and granulation tissue formation.
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