The Influence of Pulsed Electron Beam Treatment on Properties of PLLA Nonwoven Materials Produced by Solution Blow Spinning

Optimization of Transmission X-ray Target for Intense Pulsed Electron Beam Accelerators

X-ray sources based on pulsed electron accelerators stimulate the development of bremsstrahlung converter designs. The numerical optimization of transmission-type X-ray targets for maximum X-ray output by pulsed electron beams was carried out in the present work. The targets featured a combination of a heavy element (tungsten or molybdenum) X-ray conversion layer and a titanium membrane that served as the vacuum window, thermal shielding for converter heat, and an electron dump. The energy spectrum of the electron beam generated via explosive emission was analyzed via the space-charge effect, and was utilized for the source sampling algorithm for electron transportation simulation with a Monte Carlo method for X-ray emission analysis. It was revealed that the transmission photon intensity of a mono-material target is primarily affected by the thickness of the target, and there exists an optimal target thickness within which the photon fluence is restricted by insufficient electron stopping; when exceeded, the extra thickness of the X-ray converter target imposes absorption and attenuates the generated X-ray. Analysis on dual-layer targets proved that this optimized converter target thickness, combined with a proper titanium window, produces the highest X-ray photon emissions.