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Kulak A, Toros T, Ogras EB, Etiler IE, Bagci E, Gokyurek B, Bilgin U. The Impact of Sustainable Exercise on Self-Efficacy and Life Satisfaction in Women before and after Menopause. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:759. [PMID: 37754037 PMCID: PMC10525491 DOI: 10.3390/bs13090759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aims at elucidating the association between sustainable exercise and its influence on self-efficacy and life satisfaction in women during their premenopausal and postmenopausal stages. A relational screening model was employed on a sample of 422 women, with 215 premenopausal and 207 postmenopausal participants, utilizing convenience sampling. Participants' regularity of exercise and its duration was taken into consideration. Evaluation tools included the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Data were analyzed using a statistical software package with significance set at 0.05. Sustainable exercise demonstrated no significant difference in SWLS or GSES subdimensions among premenopausal women. However, postmenopausal women engaging in regular exercise reported significantly higher scores in SWLS and all GSES subdimensions. Moreover, positive correlations between age and SWLS scores, as well as between age and certain GSES subdimensions, were found in both pre- and postmenopausal periods. While sustainable exercise does not evidently impact the life satisfaction and self-efficacy of premenopausal women, it significantly enhances these parameters in postmenopausal women. Additionally, age appears to influence life satisfaction and specific self-efficacy subdimensions across both phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Kulak
- Physical Education and Sports School, Harran University, Sanliurfa 63300, Turkey
| | - Turhan Toros
- Department of Coaching Education, Mersin University, Mersin 33000, Turkey
| | - Emre Bulent Ogras
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Mersin University, Mersin 33000, Turkey; (E.B.O.); (I.E.E.)
| | - Ibrahim Efe Etiler
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Mersin University, Mersin 33000, Turkey; (E.B.O.); (I.E.E.)
| | - Emre Bagci
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | - Belgin Gokyurek
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | - Ulviye Bilgin
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara 06560, Turkey
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Nayman S, Beddig T, Reinhard I, Kuehner C. Effects of cognitive emotion regulation strategies on mood and cortisol in daily life in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Psychol Med 2023; 53:5342-5352. [PMID: 35979813 PMCID: PMC10476072 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The psychological risk factors of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) are not fully understood, but initial evidence points to a potential role of unfavorable cognitive emotion regulation (ER-) strategies. Given the symptom cyclicity of PMDD, ambulatory assessment is ideally suited to capture psychological and physiological processes across the menstrual cycle. Our study examines habitual ER-strategies in women with PMDD and their predictive value for the course of mood and basal cortisol across the cycle in affected women. METHODS Women with and without PMDD (n = 61 each) were compared regarding habitual mindfulness, reappraisal, and repetitive negative thinking (RNT). Momentary affect and cortisol output were assessed over two consecutive days per cycle phase (menstrual, follicular, ovulatory, late luteal). RESULTS Women with PMDD reported lower mindfulness, less use of reappraisal and stronger RNT than controls (ps < 0.035). In women with PMDD, higher mindfulness and reappraisal and lower RNT predicted decreased negative and increased positive affect across the menstrual cycle (ps < 0.027). However, women using more favorable ER-strategies displayed stronger mood cyclicity, resulting in stronger mood deterioration in the late luteal phase, thereby resembling women with more unfavorable ER-strategies toward the end of the cycle. Lower mindfulness predicted lower cortisol in the menstrual phase. CONCLUSIONS Protective ER-strategies seem to be generally linked to better momentary mood in women with PMDD, but do not appear to protect affected women from premenstrual mood deterioration. Habitual mindfulness, in turn, seems to buffer blunted cortisol activity in women with PMDD, especially in the menstrual phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Nayman
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Theresa Beddig
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Iris Reinhard
- Department of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christine Kuehner
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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Nayman S, Konstantinow DT, Schricker IF, Reinhard I, Kuehner C. Associations of premenstrual symptoms with daily rumination and perceived stress and the moderating effects of mindfulness facets on symptom cyclicity in premenstrual syndrome. Arch Womens Ment Health 2023; 26:167-176. [PMID: 36899192 PMCID: PMC10063513 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-023-01304-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Subthreshold premenstrual symptoms can be impairing even if the diagnostic criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) are not reached. Previous research suggests shared psychological risk factors without a clear differentiation of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) from PMDD. This study focuses on a sample with a wide range of premenstrual symptoms not reaching PMDD-criteria and aims to investigate within-person associations of premenstrual symptoms with daily rumination and perceived stress during the late luteal phase as well as cycle-phase specific associations of habitual mindfulness including present-moment-awareness and acceptance with premenstrual symptoms and impairment. Fifty-six naturally cycling women with self-reported premenstrual symptoms completed an online diary on premenstrual symptoms, rumination and perceived stress over two consecutive menstrual cycles, and baseline questionnaires on habitual present-moment-awareness and acceptance. Multilevel analyses revealed cycle-related variations in premenstrual symptoms and impairment (all ps < .001). Higher within-person levels of core and secondary premenstrual symptoms during the late luteal phase predicted increased daily rumination and perceived stress (all ps < .001) and increased somatic symptoms predicted increased rumination (p ≤ .018). Higher habitual present-moment-awareness was linked to lower premenstrual symptom and impairment levels toward the late luteal phase whereas higher habitual acceptance was associated with lower premenstrual functional impairment (p ≤ .015). Premenstrual symptom increases during the late luteal phase in women with PMS seem to be linked to increased daily rumination and perceived stress. Trait present-moment-awareness and acceptance in turn seem to reflect protective factors against premenstrual distress and may represent useful targets for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Nayman
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Desiree Tina Konstantinow
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Isabelle Florence Schricker
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Iris Reinhard
- Department of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christine Kuehner
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
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Park J, Lee JJ, Park S, Lee H, Nam S, Lee S, Lee H. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Premenstrual Syndrome in Female College Students in East Asia: A Multi-Country Study. Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:167-177. [PMID: 35173491 PMCID: PMC8842637 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s349172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the severity of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and to examine associated factors with PMS among East Asian female college students with regard to endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC). PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was a cross-sectional design. An online survey was completed by 520 female college students in Hong Kong and Korea. The structured questionnaire included items measuring knowledge of EDCs, actions taken and willingness to minimize exposure to EDCs, interest in EDCs, prior education on EDCs, life stress, severity of PMS, and general and health-related characteristics. Multiple logistic regressions were performed. RESULTS The prevalence of severe PMS among the participants was 54.6%. Factors associated with severe PMS included a self-reported heavy menstrual flow, underweight, obesity, interpersonal relationship stress, actions taken to minimize exposure to EDCs, and interest in EDCs. CONCLUSION This study provided the evidence of a negative association between severe PMS and the actions taken to minimize exposure to EDCs. To alleviate symptoms of PMS among young female adults, practical interventions, such as education to overcome barriers to preventing exposure to EDCs, are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongok Park
- College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Jae Lee
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - SoMi Park
- Department of Nursing, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hyeonkyeong Lee
- College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sujin Nam
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sejeong Lee
- College of Nursing and Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyojin Lee
- College of Nursing and Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Meng Y, Chang L, Hou L, Zhou R. Menstrual attitude and social cognitive stress influence autonomic nervous system in women with premenstrual syndrome. Stress 2022; 25:87-96. [PMID: 35107391 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2021.2024163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is activated by stress and is closely related to the female menstrual cycle. Women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) have an imbalanced ANS response in their premenstrual period. However, no studies have explored the reasons for the differences in ANS response among women. In this study, we investigated how the female menstrual attitude and acute social stress influence the ANS response in women with PMS. First, 277 women [24.35 ± 2.1] were selected to measure the mediating role of women's menstrual attitude between PMS severity and perceived ANS response. Second, participants' (50 women [23.23 ± 1.25] with and 46 women [22.92 ± 2.00] without PMS) heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV; reflecting the functioning of ANS) under social stress were measured during various menstrual cycle phases. The results indicated that menstrual attitude (bothersome and predictable) had mediating effects between the degree of PMS and perceived ANS response; when undergoing a high cognitive load (e.g. mental-arithmetic) task, the ANS of the PMS group demonstrated hypo-arousal and delayed recovery in the late luteal phase; Therefore, menstrual attitude could influence female perceived ANS response, which may be a risk factor for PMS. When women with PMS experience high-strength cognitive pressure in the premenstrual period, their ANS showed hypo-arousal and delayed recovery, which may be another risk factor for PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Meng
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Lulu Hou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renlai Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Media Convergence Production Technology and Systems, Beijing, China
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Mazaheri Asadi D, Zahedi Tajrishi K, Gharaei B. Mindfulness Training Intervention With the Persian Version of the Mindfulness Training Mobile App for Premenstrual Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:922360. [PMID: 35782413 PMCID: PMC9249312 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.922360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common problem for women of reproductive age, affecting various aspects of their lives. While various in-person psychotherapeutic interventions, including Mindfulness therapy, have yielded promising results in reducing PMS symptoms, due to the COVID-19 Pandemic, psychotherapists are providing their services via online methods. Therefore, the present study is the first one worldwide to examine whether smartphone-based Mindfulness training can reduce symptoms of PMS and improve the quality of life in women with PMS. We recruited 80 Iranian women (aged 25-45) with PMS through online advertising who were randomly allocated into two groups of 40. The intervention group underwent two online introductory group sessions followed by 8 weeks of Mindfulness practice, while the control group received no intervention. Before and after the intervention, participants completed the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey and the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening (PSST) questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Following the intervention, the mean scores of PMS symptoms were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.18). Likewise, the quality of life score was significantly higher in the intervention group (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.14). Our results indicated that the smartphone-based Mindfulness training intervention could be an effective treatment modality for women with PMS symptoms, especially during the COVID-19 Pandemic, which has posed limitations for in-person therapies. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION https://fa.irct.ir/trial/59924, identifier: IRCT20180607040000N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Mazaheri Asadi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Komeil Zahedi Tajrishi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Gharaei
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Beddig T, Reinhard I, Ebner-Priemer U, Kuehner C. Reciprocal effects between cognitive and affective states in women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: An Ecological Momentary Assessment study. Behav Res Ther 2020; 131:103613. [PMID: 32497737 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is characterized by cyclical mood changes resulting in clinically significant distress and functional impairment. Studies on momentary cognitive and affective states and their interplay during daily life over the menstrual cycle in affected women are still lacking. Using Ecological Momentary Assessment with electronic diaries, 61 women with current PMDD and 61 healthy control women reported their current mood, rumination, and self-acceptance eight times a day over two consecutive days per cycle phase (menstrual, follicular, ovulatory, and late luteal phase). Results revealed that women with PMDD showed significant increases in negative affect and rumination and decreases in positive affect and self-acceptance toward the end of the cycle. Lagged analyses demonstrated stronger within-person reciprocal effects of cognitions and mood in PMDD women compared to controls with the effect of rumination on subsequent negative affect being limited to the late luteal phase. Identified stronger prospective associations between cognitive processes and mood deteriorations in women with PMDD suggest that affected women are more sensitive to detrimental effects of either dimension. Hence, therapeutic strategies aiming at reducing ruminative thoughts and improving self-acceptance such as mindfulness-based interventions could be promising for reducing the burden of PMDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Beddig
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Iris Reinhard
- Department of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Ulrich Ebner-Priemer
- Department of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christine Kuehner
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.
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The Relationship between the Premenstrual Syndrome and Resting Cardiac Vagal Tone in Young Healthy Females: Role of Hormonal Contraception. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-020-09841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Li C, Kee YH, Lam LS. Effect of Brief Mindfulness Induction on University Athletes' Sleep Quality Following Night Training. Front Psychol 2018; 9:508. [PMID: 29706914 PMCID: PMC5907683 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the need to alleviate sleep problems confronting athletes, the present experiment, conducted as much as possible in a naturalistic fashion that mimics daily life, seeks to examine whether a brief mindfulness induction immediately prior to sleep following night training can improve athletes' sleep. A sample of university athletes (n = 80) was recruited and 63 of them were eligible to participate in this experiment. They were then randomly assigned into experimental group (n = 32) and control group (n = 31). Following night training and just prior to sleep, those in the experimental group received a self-administered brief 6-min mindfulness induction via a video clip, whereas the control group participants viewed a similar 6-min video devoid of mindfulness induction passively. Questionnaire-based measures of training intensity, pre-sleep arousal, state mindfulness, and sleep diary (i.e., level of rest, sleep duration, and overall sleep quality) were administered. Results showed that brief mindfulness induction reduced pre-sleep arousal, and improved level of rest and overall sleep quality, but not sleep duration. Pre-sleep arousal was also found to be a partial mediator in the relationship between the brief mindfulness induction and reported level of rest during sleep. These findings suggest that the brief mindfulness induction may be an effective approach for decreasing pre-sleep arousal and improving sleep quality after night training among athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Li
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Ting Kok, Hong Kong
| | - Ying Hwa Kee
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lok Shan Lam
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Ting Kok, Hong Kong
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Carroll H, B. Lustyk MK. Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: Effects on Cardiac Vagal Control and Craving Under Stress. Mindfulness (N Y) 2018; 9:488-499. [PMID: 34025815 PMCID: PMC8139128 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-017-0791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) is a therapy for addictive behaviors that incorporates cognitive-behavioral relapse prevention (RP) skills with mindfulness training to increase awareness and skillful action in high-risk situations. Stress is a common reason reported for substance use relapse, and using physiological measures to measure stress engagement may help us identify mechanisms of clinical improvement. Specifically, salutatory changes in HF-HRV post-treatment may serve as a marker of treatment efficacy. We investigated tonic and phasic heart rate variability (HRV) to a cognitive stressor (i.e., arithmetic challenge) following 8 weeks of RP, MBRP, or post-detox treatment known as treatment as usual (TAU; n = 34). MBRP was related to higher levels of tonic and phasic HF-HRV, lower levels of anxiety, and lower heart rate reactivity (than TAU only) compared to RP and TAU. This suggests that those who completed MBRP are engaging with stress, but perhaps in a more adaptive, flexible manner. MBRP is associated with higher cardiac vagal control and lower stress/anxious reactivity. Given that negative emotions are an important component of relapse, these results lend further support to say that mindfulness may be helpful for those with substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Kathleen B. Lustyk
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ, USA
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Sheydaei H, Ghasemzadeh A, Lashkari A, Kajani PG. The effectiveness of mindfulness training on reducing the symptoms of postpartum depression. Electron Physician 2017; 9:4753-4758. [PMID: 28894531 PMCID: PMC5586989 DOI: 10.19082/4753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Postpartum depression is one of the prevalent disorders among new mothers. The present research aimed to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness training on reducing the symptoms of postpartum depression. Method The present quasi-experimental research was conducted on 410 new mothers in Shahid Chamran Hospital, Tehran in 2014. Using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Structured Clinical Interview and Psychological Clinical Diagnosis, 67 mothers were selected and then randomly divided into experimental and control groups, each of which with 32 applicants. Afterwards, the experimental group received mindfulness training for 8 sessions, each lasting for two hours while the control group received no training. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS, version 20. Results Results showed that based on Beck Inventory, the scores for the experimental group in post-test were significant (p<0.001), compared to those for the control group. Also, it was revealed that pre- and posttest mean scores for postpartum depression in the control group were 25.81 and 25.12 respectively while the scores for the experimental group were 24.75 and 18.5 respectively. Since the posttest mean score in the experimental group was lower than that in the pretest, it can be said that the treatment, i.e., mindfulness training, was effective in reducing depression symptoms in mothers. Conclusion Findings proved that mindfulness training was effective in reducing the symptoms of postpartum depression in new mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajieh Sheydaei
- MA Graduate in Clinical Psychology, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Azizreza Ghasemzadeh
- Lecturer in Rehabilitation Science, Sun Face Medical Aesthetic Center, Dubai, UAE
| | - Amir Lashkari
- MA Graduate in Clinical Psychology, Azad Islamic University of Roudehen, Roudehen, Iran
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Maddineshat M, Keyvanloo S, Lashkardoost H, Arki M, Tabatabaeichehr M. Effectiveness of Group Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) . IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2016; 11:30-6. [PMID: 27252766 PMCID: PMC4888138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Standards of care and treatment of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) vary. Non-drug psychosocial intervention therapy is recommended for women with any kind of discomfort or distress caused by PMS. The current study examined the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral therapy on the symptoms of PMS at a girls' dormitory of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. METHOD In this quasi-experimental study, 32 female students with PMS who were majoring in nursing and midwifery and residing in the dormitory were selected using the convenience sampling method and were assigned to experimental and control groups. The Standardized Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool was used as the research tool. Eight sessions of cognitive-behavioral group therapy were held for the students Results: There was a significant difference in psychological symptoms before and after cognitive-behavioral therapy (p=0.012). Furthermore, cognitive-behavioral therapy was effective on social interferences caused by PMS symptoms (p=0.012). CONCLUSION Group cognitive-behavioral therapy effectively alleviates PMS symptoms in female college students..
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Maddineshat
- Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Sodabe Keyvanloo
- Nursing Student of Research Committee, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Hossein Lashkardoost
- Corresponding author: Mahbubeh Tabatabaeichehr, Department of Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran. Tel: +98 58 32297096, Fax: +98-58-32297095
| | | | - Mahbubeh Tabatabaeichehr
- Department of Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
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Welz A, Huffziger S, Reinhard I, Alpers GW, Ebner-Priemer U, Kuehner C. Anxiety and rumination moderate menstrual cycle effects on mood in daily life. Women Health 2015; 56:540-60. [PMID: 26496479 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2015.1101739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Evidence for menstrual cycle-related mood fluctuations in the general population of women has been mixed. While most previous research has relied on retrospective self-report and did not consider possible moderators, the present study aimed to examine cycle-related mood variations in daily life and possible moderating effects of anxiety and trait rumination. Fifty-nine women with natural menstrual cycles, aged 18-44 years, were examined between January and October, 2012. Mood components of calmness, positive valence, energetic-arousal, and irritability were assessed, using smartphones, by ambulatory assessment ten times per day on eight days across the cycle. The menstrual, follicular, ovulatory, and late luteal phases were each covered by two consecutive assessment days. Moderators were assessed with questionnaires. Hierarchical linear models (HLMs) revealed higher calmness in the luteal and menstrual than in the follicular and ovulatory phase, while the menstrual cycle did not exhibit significant main effects on other mood components. Anxiety and ruminative self-reflection moderated the association between menstrual cycle and all mood variables. Specifically, highly anxious and ruminative women showed an increase in irritability, while women with lower anxiety and lower rumination were protected against mood deterioration toward the end of the cycle. Further research could examine whether reducing anxiety and rumination helps to prevent premenstrual syndrome-related syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Welz
- a Research Group on Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health , Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University , Mannheim , Germany
| | - Silke Huffziger
- a Research Group on Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health , Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University , Mannheim , Germany.,b Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health , Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University , Mannheim , Germany
| | - Iris Reinhard
- c Department of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health , Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University , Mannheim , Germany
| | - Georg W Alpers
- d Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences and Otto-Selz-Institute , University of Mannheim , Mannheim , Germany
| | - Ulrich Ebner-Priemer
- e Department of Applied Psychology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Christine Kuehner
- a Research Group on Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health , Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University , Mannheim , Germany
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Read JR, Perz J, Ussher JM. Ways of coping with premenstrual change: development and validation of a premenstrual coping measure. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2014; 14:1. [PMID: 24383580 PMCID: PMC3880968 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-14-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative premenstrual change can result in distress for a significant proportion of women. Previous research has suggested that women employ a range of coping strategies and behaviours in order to manage and reduce premenstrual distress. However, as yet there has been no specific scale available to measure premenstrual coping. This research aimed to develop and validate a measure of premenstrual coping which can be used in future investigations of negative premenstrual experience. METHODS A sample of 250 women living in Australia, reporting mild to severe premenstrual distress, completed an online survey containing 64 items related to premenstrual coping. The items were generated by reviewing past literature related to premenstrual experience, in particular recent qualitative research on premenstrual coping. A principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation was conducted to determine item clusters that would form a measure. Reliability and validity were tested using calculations of Cronbach alphas, correlational analysis with psychological coping scales and a content analysis of participant reports of coping strategies. RESULTS The factor analysis, which involved two principal component analyses, resulted in five factors containing 32 premenstrual coping behaviours. Interpretation of the factor solution drew on empirical and theoretical accounts of premenstrual coping and the emergent factors were labelled Avoiding Harm, Awareness and Acceptance of Premenstrual Change, Adjusting Energy, Self-Care, and Communicating. These factors form the subscales of the Premenstrual Coping Measure (PMCM). The subscales demonstrated acceptable to very good reliability and tests of construct, concurrent and content validity were supportive of sound validity. CONCLUSIONS The PMCM provides a valid and reliable scale for quantifying ways of coping specific to negative premenstrual change. Conceptual similarity was found between some coping behaviours and behaviours positioned as symptoms of premenstrual change. Explanations for this overlap may be found in cultural discourses associated with idealised femininity and PMS (premenstrual syndrome). Further psychometric investigation of the PMCM will enhance knowledge of the role of coping with negative premenstrual experience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janette Perz
- Centre for Health Research, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
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