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Wakolo SW, Syouji A, Sakai M, Nishiyama H, Inukai J. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy system for observation of water molecules in anion exchange membrane. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 309:123875. [PMID: 38217988 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) provide one of the most feasible remedies to fuel cells' dependency on the dwindling Pt group catalysts. Nevertheless, AEMFCs still suffer reduced durability, which requires an in-depth understanding of their membranes. The low thermal endurance of the anion exchange membranes (AEMs) usually limits the direct application of powerful techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy. We sought to establish a system for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy capable of taking measurements inside an AEM rapidly and accurately without photodamage. A 785 nm CARS system was newly developed to study the water species in an AEM (QPAF-4) located vertically in a fuel cell. From the results of water measurement in a QPAF-4 membrane, the OH-related region was deconvoluted into nine Gaussian peaks: Five H-bonded OH peaks, non-H-bonded OH, OH-, and two CH peaks. The H-bonded species increased with increasing relative humidity, but the other species remained constant. These results open unlimited possibilities for studying and comparing different AEMFCs, enabling more rapid technology optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Wekesa Wakolo
- Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Atsushi Syouji
- Center for Basic Education in Faculty of Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Masaru Sakai
- Faculty of Engineering, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Nishiyama
- Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of Yamanashi, 6-43 Miyamae, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-0021, Japan.
| | - Junji Inukai
- Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of Yamanashi, 6-43 Miyamae, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-0021, Japan; Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan.
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Raut A, Fang H, Lin YC, Fu S, Sprouster D, Shimogawa R, Frenkel AI, Bae C, Douglin JC, Lillojad J, Tammeveski K, Zeng Z, Bliznakov S, Rafailovich M, Dekel DR. Migration and Precipitation of Platinum in Anion-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306754. [PMID: 37464925 PMCID: PMC10640718 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent progress in increasing the power generation of Anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs), their durability is still far lower than that of Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Using the complementary techniques of X-ray micro-computed tomography (CT), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, we have identified Pt ion migration as an important factor to explain the decay in performance of AEMFCs. In alkaline media Pt+2 ions are easily formed which then either undergo dissolution into the carbon support or migrate to the membrane. In contrast to PEMFCs, where hydrogen cross over reduces the ions forming a vertical "Pt line" within the membrane, the ions in the AEM are trapped by charged groups within the membrane, leading to disintegration of the membrane and failure. Diffusion of the metal components is still observed when the Pt/C of the cathode is substituted with a FeCo-N-C catalyst, but in this case the Fe and Co ions are not trapped within the membrane, but rather migrate into the anode, thereby increasing the stability of the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Raut
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States of America
| | - Haoyan Fang
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States of America
| | - Yu-Chung Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States of America
| | - Shi Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States of America
| | - David Sprouster
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States of America
| | - Ryuichi Shimogawa
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States of America
- Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Science & Innovation Center, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-8502, Japan
| | - Anatoly I. Frenkel
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States of America
- Division of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States of America
| | - Chulsung Bae
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States of America
| | - John C. Douglin
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion –Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Jaana Lillojad
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaido Tammeveski
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Zhiqiao Zeng
- Center for Clean Energy Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States of America
| | - Stoyan Bliznakov
- Center for Clean Energy Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States of America
| | - Miriam Rafailovich
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States of America
| | - Dario R. Dekel
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion –Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
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Marra E, Grimler H, Montserrat-Sisó G, Wreland Lindström R, Wickman B, Lindbergh G, Lagergren C. Oxygen reduction reaction kinetics on a Pt thin layer electrode in AEMFC. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Xiao F, Wang YC, Wu ZP, Chen G, Yang F, Zhu S, Siddharth K, Kong Z, Lu A, Li JC, Zhong CJ, Zhou ZY, Shao M. Recent Advances in Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006292. [PMID: 33749011 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The rapid progress of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells (AMFCs) has boosted the hydrogen economy concept via diverse energy applications in the past decades. For a holistic understanding of the development status of PEMFCs and AMFCs, recent advancements in electrocatalyst design and catalyst layer optimization, along with cell performance in terms of activity and durability in PEMFCs and AMFCs, are summarized here. The activity, stability, and fuel cell performance of different types of electrocatalysts for both oxygen reduction reaction and hydrogen oxidation reaction are discussed and compared. Research directions on the further development of active, stable, and low-cost electrocatalysts to meet the ultimate commercialization of PEMFCs and AMFCs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Guangyu Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shangqian Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kumar Siddharth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhijie Kong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Aolin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Jin-Cheng Li
- Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Chuan-Jian Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Zhi-You Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Minhua Shao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 511458, China
- Energy Institute, and Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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Yang Q, Sun LX, Gao WT, Zhu ZY, Gao X, Zhang QG, Zhu AM, Liu QL. Crown ether-based anion exchange membranes with highly efficient dual ion conducting pathways. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 604:492-499. [PMID: 34274712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are a crucial constituent for alkaline fuel cells. As the core component of fuel cells, the low performance AEMs restrict the development and application of the fuel cells. Herein, the trade-off between the OH- conductivity and dimensional stability was solved by constructing AEMs with adequate OH- conductivity and satisfactory alkali resistance using Tröger's base (TB) poly (crown ether)s (PCEs) as the main chain, the embedded quaternary ammonium (QA) and Na+-functionalized crown ether units as the cationic group. Crown ether is an electron donator, and can capture Na+ to form Na+-functionalized crown ether units to conveniently transfer OH- and significantly promote the alkaline stability of the AEMs. The influence of the Na+-functionalized crown ether units on the performance of AEMs was studied in detail. The PCEs based AEMs show an obvious hydrophobic-hydrophilic microphase separation. These features make them ideal platforms for the OH- conduction applications. As expected, the as-prepared PCEs-QA-100% (100% is the degree of cross-linking) AEM with an ionic exchange capacity (IEC) of 2.07 meq g-1 has a high OH- conductivity of 159 mS cm-1 at 80 °C. Furthermore, the membrane electrode assemblies fabricated using the PCEs-QA-100% AEM possess a maximum power density of 291 mW cm-2 under the current density of 500 mA cm-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - L X Sun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - W T Gao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Z Y Zhu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - X Gao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Q G Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - A M Zhu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Q L Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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Ribeiro EL, Davis EM, Mokhtarnejad M, Hu S, Mukherjee D, Khomami B. MOF-derived PtCo/Co 3O 4 nanocomposites in carbonaceous matrices as high-performance ORR electrocatalysts synthesized via laser ablation techniques. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy02099k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ZIF-67-derived carbon-based bimetallic nanocomposites with reduced Pt-loading via laser ablation synthesis in solution (LASiS) as a superior electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick L. Ribeiro
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
- Material Research and Innovation Laboratory (MRAIL)
| | - Elijah M. Davis
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
- Nano-BioMaterials Laboratory for Energy, Energetics & Environment (nbml-E3)
| | - Mahshid Mokhtarnejad
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
- Material Research and Innovation Laboratory (MRAIL)
| | - Sheng Hu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
- Nano-BioMaterials Laboratory for Energy, Energetics & Environment (nbml-E3)
| | - Dibyendu Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
- Material Research and Innovation Laboratory (MRAIL)
| | - Bamin Khomami
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
- Material Research and Innovation Laboratory (MRAIL)
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