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Esfandiari N, Aliofkhazraei M. Advances in the determination of trace amounts of iron cations through electrochemical methods: A comprehensive review of principles and their limits of detection. Talanta 2024; 277:126365. [PMID: 38964047 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Quantification of trace amounts of iron is of great importance in various fields. In the industrial sector, it is crucial to monitor the release of iron out of corrosion, pickling treatment, and steel manufacturing to address potential environmental and economic challenges. In biological systems, despite its indispensability, it is essential to maintain iron concentration below a specific threshold. Electrochemical (EC) methods provide significant analytical capabilities due to their simplicity, ease of use, and cost-effectiveness. This review focuses on the fundamental principles of EC methods for iron detection, including potentiometry, amperometry, coulometry, voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It further explains the process of obtaining calibration curves, and subsequently, determining the concentration of unknown ions. Additionally, technical notes are presented on selecting the initial signal value, reducing the duration of tests, excluding non-faradaic signals, and extending the linear region with the lowest detection limit. These notes are supported by key findings from relevant case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeemeh Esfandiari
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-143, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Aliofkhazraei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
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Incorporating Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Chronoamperometry to Enhance Manganese Detection Stability in Drinking Water. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Akther A, Walsh EP, Reineck P, Gibson BC, Ohshima T, Abe H, McColl G, Jenkins NL, Hall LT, Simpson DA, Rezk AR, Yeo LY. Acoustomicrofluidic Concentration and Signal Enhancement of Fluorescent Nanodiamond Sensors. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16133-16141. [PMID: 34813284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers constitute a promising class of quantum nanosensors owing to the unique magneto-optic properties associated with their spin states. The large surface area and photostability of diamond nanoparticles, together with their relatively low synthesis costs, make them a suitable platform for the detection of biologically relevant quantities such as paramagnetic ions and molecules in solution. Nevertheless, their sensing performance in solution is often hampered by poor signal-to-noise ratios and long acquisition times due to distribution inhomogeneities throughout the analyte sample. By concentrating the diamond nanoparticles through an intense microcentrifugation effect in an acoustomicrofluidic device, we show that the resultant dense NV ensembles within the diamond nanoparticles give rise to an order-of-magnitude improvement in the measured acquisition time. The ability to concentrate nanoparticles under surface acoustic wave (SAW) microcentrifugation in a sessile droplet is, in itself, surprising given the well-documented challenge of achieving such an effect for particles below 1 μm in dimension. In addition to a demonstration of their sensing performance, we thus reveal in this work that the reason why the diamond nanoparticles readily concentrate under the SAW-driven recirculatory flow can be attributed to their considerably higher density and hence larger acoustic contrast compared to those for typical particles and cells for which the SAW microcentrifugation flow has been shown to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Akther
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Ella P Walsh
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Philipp Reineck
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics & School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Brant C Gibson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics & School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Takeshi Ohshima
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Gawain McColl
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Nicole L Jenkins
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Liam T Hall
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David A Simpson
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Amgad R Rezk
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Leslie Y Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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