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Monclús L, Løseth ME, Dahlberg Persson MJ, Eulaers I, Kleven O, Covaci A, Benskin JP, Awad R, Zubrod JP, Schulz R, Wabakken P, Heggøy O, Øien IJ, Steinsvåg MJ, Jaspers VLB, Nygård T. Legacy and emerging organohalogenated compounds in feathers of Eurasian eagle-owls (Bubo bubo) in Norway: Spatiotemporal variations and associations with dietary proxies (δ 13C and δ 15N). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112372. [PMID: 34774833 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of organohalogenated compounds (OHCs) in wildlife has received considerable attention over the last decades. Among the matrices used for OHCs biomonitoring, feathers are particularly useful as they can be collected in a minimally or non-invasive manner. In this study, concentrations of various legacy OHCs -polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)-, as well as emerging OHCs -per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and organophosphate ester flame retardants (OPEs)- were determined in feathers of 72 Eurasian eagle-owls (Bubo bubo) from Norway, with the goal of studying spatiotemporal variation using a non-invasive approach. Molted feathers were collected at nest sites from northern, central and southern Norway across four summers (2013-2016). Additionally, two museum-archived feathers from 1979 to 1989 were included. Stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen isotopes (δ15N) were used as dietary proxies. In total, 11 PFAS (sum range 8.25-215.90 ng g-1), 15 PCBs (4.19-430.01 ng g-1), 6 OCPs (1.48-220.94 ng g-1), 5 PBDEs (0.21-5.32 ng g-1) and 3 OPEs (4.49-222.21 ng g-1) were quantified. While we observed large variation in the values of both stable isotopes, suggesting a diverse diet of the eagle-owls, only δ13C seemed to explain variation in PFAS concentrations. Geographic area and year were influential factors for δ15N and δ13C. Considerable spatial variation was observed in PFAS levels, with the southern area showing higher levels compared to northern and central Norway. For the rest of OHCs, we observed between-year variations; sum concentrations of PCBs, OCPs, PBDEs and OPEs reached a maximum in 2015 and 2016. Concentrations from 1979 to 1989 were within the ranges observed between 2013 and 2016. Overall, our data indicate high levels of legacy and emerging OHCs in a top predator in Norway, further highlighting the risk posed by OHCs to wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Monclús
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Mari Engvig Løseth
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), Sognsveien 72, 0855, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie J Dahlberg Persson
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Igor Eulaers
- Norwegian Polar Institute, FRAM Centre, 9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Oddmund Kleven
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Høgskoleringen 9, 7034, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jonathan P Benskin
- Stockholm University, Department of Environmental Science, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raed Awad
- Stockholm University, Department of Environmental Science, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden; IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, 10031, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jochen P Zubrod
- University of Koblenz-Landau, IES Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829, Landau, Germany; Zubrod Environmental Data Science, Friesenstrasse 20, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Ralf Schulz
- University of Koblenz-Landau, IES Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Petter Wabakken
- Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biochemistry, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Evenstad, 2480, Koppang, Norway
| | - Oddvar Heggøy
- BirdLife Norway, Sandgata 30b, 7012, Trondheim, Norway; University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Magnus Johan Steinsvåg
- Department of Environmental Affairs, County Governor of Vestland, 6863, Leikanger, Norway
| | - Veerle L B Jaspers
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torgeir Nygård
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Høgskoleringen 9, 7034, Trondheim, Norway
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Cross-Amplification in Strigiformes: A New STR Panel for Forensic Purposes. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111721. [PMID: 34828327 PMCID: PMC8625634 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigiformes are affected by a substantial decline mainly caused by habitat loss and destruction, poaching, and trapping. Moreover, the increasing trend in bird trade and the growing interest in wild-caught rather than captive-bred birds are expected to encourage illegal trade. The biomolecular investigation represents a valuable tool to track illegal trade and to explore the genetic variability to preserving biodiversity. Microsatellite loci (STRs) are the most used markers to study genetic variability. Despite the availability of species-specific microsatellite loci in Strigiformes, a unique panel permitting the description of the genetic variability across species has not been identified yet. We tested 32 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers to evaluate the reliability of a unique microsatellite panel in different species of Strigiformes and its use for conservation and forensic purposes. We included in the study 84 individuals belonging to 28 parental groups and 11 species of Strigiformes. After screening polymorphic microsatellite loci, the description of genetic variability, and the kinship assessment, we characterized a final panel of 12 microsatellite loci able to identify individuals in 9 Strigiformes species. This STR panel might support the authorities in the forensic investigation for suspected smugglers and false parental claims; moreover, it can be useful to evaluate relatedness among individuals in captive-bred populations and to implement research projects finalized to the description of the genetic variability in wild populations.
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Meng M, Ma J, Laghari MY, Ji J. Genetic analysis of three wild Eurasian eagle-owl subspecies, B. b. kiautschensis, B. b. ussuriensis, and B. b. tibetanus, in Chinese populations. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2020; 5:3775-3777. [PMID: 33367098 PMCID: PMC7717702 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1839363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) is distributed throughout Asia and Europe and contains approximately twelve subspecies. Three subspecies, B. b. kiautschensis, B. b. ussuriensis, and B. b. tibetanus, are separately distributed in the refugia and plateau habitats of China. However, the genetics of these subspecies and populations have not been studied. Genetic differences were investigated among 32 individuals from six populations of these three B. bubo subspecies based on the mitochondrial genome. Low genetic diversity but high haplotype diversity was observed in these subspecies. The phylogenetic relationship of three B. bubo subspecies distributed in China was proven to be coordinated with geographic and environmental gradients. This study provides the first detailed insights into the mitochondrial genetic diversity of three Eurasian eagle-owl subspecies distributed in China and demonstrates the utility of the mitochondrial genome in intraspecific genetic population analyses of these eagle-owls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Meng
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.,China Wildlife Conservation Association, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhang Ma
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | | | - Jianwei Ji
- Beijing Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Central, Beijing, China
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