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Faundes V, Repetto GM, Valdivia LE. Discovery of novel genetic syndromes in Latin America: Opportunities and challenges. Genet Mol Biol 2024; 47Suppl 1:e20230318. [PMID: 38466870 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Latin America (LatAm) has a rich and historically significant role in delineating both novel and well-documented genetic disorders. However, the ongoing advancements in the field of human genetics pose challenges to the relatively slow adaption of LatAm in the field. Here, we describe past and present contributions of LatAm to the discovery of novel genetic disorders, often referred as novel gene-disease associations (NGDA). We also describe the current methodologies for discovery of NGDA, taking into account the latest developments in genomics. We provide an overview of opportunities and challenges for NGDA research in LatAm considering the steps currently performed to identify and validate such associations. Given the multiple and diverse needs of populations and countries in LatAm, it is imperative to foster collaborations amongst patients, indigenous people, clinicians and scientists. Such collaborative effort is essential for sustaining and enhancing the LatAm´s contributions to the field of NGDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Faundes
- Universidad de Chile, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Laboratorio de Genética y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela M Repetto
- Universidad del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Centro de Genética y Genómica, Programa de Enfermedades Raras, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo E Valdivia
- Universidad Mayor, Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Biología Integrativa, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad Mayor, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Biotecnología, Santiago, Chile
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Madhiri E, Wang H, Tedross M, Vidal V, Young C, Martinez D, Chen WJ, Robbins-Furman P, Page R, Montalvo-Liendo N, Chen LS. Benefits and concerns of expanded carrier screening: what do pregnant Latina women in Texas think? J Community Genet 2023; 14:605-612. [PMID: 37837504 PMCID: PMC10725381 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-023-00676-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) recommends carrier screening for all pregnant women regardless of race or ethnicity. In recent years, the ACMG broadened the guidelines to include expanded carrier screening (ECS) which can screen for 112 conditions. This study seeks to explore the perceptions of pregnant Latina women about the benefits and concerns related to ECS use. Partnering with prenatal clinics in Texas, we conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 32 pregnant Latina women in their second or third trimester of pregnancy. NVivo 8 was used to conduct content analysis and emergent coding of the data. Participants reported the benefits of ECS as helping them prepare for the baby's arrival, informing them of the baby's risk for genetic conditions, ensuring the health of their baby, and preventing diseases before birth. The ECS-related concerns expressed by the participants included worries surrounding potential positive ECS results, insufficient knowledge about the genetic diseases screened for by ECS, the accuracy of the ECS, the potential harm ECS may cause the baby, and the affordability of ECS. After weighing both their perceived benefits and concerns, nearly all the participants believed that ECS should be offered to all pregnant women. This study contributes to an understudied research area in the genetic/genomic field. Our findings can help increase the awareness of obstetricians, genetic professionals, and other healthcare providers regarding pregnant Latina women's views on ECS and inform the design of culturally appropriate care as ECS is adopted into routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Embedzayi Madhiri
- Deparment of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Haocen Wang
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Melodie Tedross
- Deparment of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Victoria Vidal
- Deparment of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Christine Young
- Department of Hospital Administration, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Denise Martinez
- Deparment of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Wei-Ju Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas Permian Basin, Odessa, TX, USA
| | | | - Robin Page
- School of Nursing, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Lei-Shih Chen
- Deparment of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Cuellar-Barboza AB, Prieto ML, Coombes BJ, Gardea-Resendez M, Núñez N, Winham SJ, Romo-Nava F, González S, McElroy SL, Frye MA, Biernacka JM. Polygenic prediction of bipolar disorder in a Latin American sample. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2023; 192:139-146. [PMID: 36919637 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
To date, bipolar disorder (BD) genetic studies and polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for BD are based primarily on populations of European descent (EUR) and lack representation from other ancestries including Latin American (LAT). Here, we describe a new LAT cohort from the Mayo Clinic Bipolar Biobank (MCBB), a multisite collaboration with recruitment sites in the United States (EUR; 1,443 cases and 777 controls) and Mexico and Chile (LAT; 211 cases and 161 controls) and use the sample to explore the performance of a BD-PRS in a LAT population. Using results from the largest genome-wide association study of BD in EUR individuals, PRSice2 and LDpred2 were used to compute BD-PRSs in the LAT and EUR samples from the MCBB. PRSs explained up to 1.4% (PRSice) and 4% (LDpred2) of the phenotypic variance on the liability scale in the LAT sample compared to 3.8% (PRSice2) and 3.4% (LDpred2) in the EUR samples. Future larger studies should further explore the differential performance of different PRS approaches across ancestries. International multisite studies, such as this one, have the potential to address diversity-related limitations of prior genomic studies and ultimately contribute to the reduction of health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo B Cuellar-Barboza
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Miguel L Prieto
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Mental Health Service, Clinica Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Brandon J Coombes
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Nicolás Núñez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stacey J Winham
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Sarai González
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Susan L McElroy
- Lindner Center of HOPE/University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joanna M Biernacka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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MacDermod C, Pettie MA, Carrino EA, Garcia SC, Padalecki S, Finch JE, Sanzari C, Kennedy HL, Pawar PS, Mcgough MM, Iwashita A, Takgbajouah M, Coan D, Szakasits L, Goode RW, Wu Y, Reyes‐Rodríguez ML, Vacuán EMTC, Kennedy MA, Cleland L, Jordan J, Maguire S, Guintivano JD, Giusti‐Rodríguez P, Baker JH, Thornton LM, Bulik CM. Recommendations to encourage participation of individuals from diverse backgrounds in psychiatric genetic studies. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2022; 189:163-173. [PMID: 35785430 PMCID: PMC9542122 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present innovative research practices in psychiatric genetic studies to ensure representation of individuals from diverse ancestry, sex assigned at birth, gender identity, age, body shape and size, and socioeconomic backgrounds. Due to histories of inappropriate and harmful practices against marginalized groups in both psychiatry and genetics, people of certain identities may be hesitant to participate in research studies. Yet their participation is essential to ensure diverse representation, as it is incorrect to assume that the same genetic and environmental factors influence the risk for various psychiatric disorders across all demographic groups. We present approaches developed as part of the Eating Disorders Genetics Initiative (EDGI), a study that required tailored approaches to recruit diverse populations across many countries. Considerations include research priorities and design, recruitment and study branding, transparency, and community investment and ownership. Ensuring representation in participants is costly and funders need to provide adequate support to achieve diversity in recruitment in prime awards, not just as supplemental afterthoughts. The need for diverse samples in genetic studies is critical to minimize the risk of perpetuating health disparities in psychiatry and other health research. Although the EDGI strategies were designed specifically to attract and enroll individuals with eating disorders, our approach is broadly applicable across psychiatry and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey MacDermod
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Michaela A. Pettie
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical ScienceUniversity of OtagoChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Emily A. Carrino
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Susana Cruz Garcia
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Department of PsychologyUniversity at Albany, State University of New YorkAlbanyNew YorkUSA
| | - Sophie Padalecki
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Elon UniversityElonNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jody E. Finch
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Department of PsychologyGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Christina Sanzari
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Department of PsychologyUniversity at Albany, State University of New YorkAlbanyNew YorkUSA
| | - Hannah L. Kennedy
- Department of Psychological MedicineUniversity of OtagoChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Pratiksha S. Pawar
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics InstituteDr. D. Y. Patil VidyapeethPuneIndia
| | | | - Ava Iwashita
- Crystal Springs Uplands SchoolHillsboroughCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mary Takgbajouah
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Department of PsychologyDePaul UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Danielle Coan
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Department of Social WorkNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Lindsey Szakasits
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Department of PsychiatryCampbell UniversityBules CreekNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Rachel W. Goode
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,School of Social WorkUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ya‐Ke Wu
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,School of NursingUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Eva María Trujillo Chi Vacuán
- Comenzar de Nuevo Eating Disorders Treatment and Research CenterMonterreyMexico,Department of PediatricsSchool of Medicine and Health Sciences Tec SaludMonterreyMexico
| | - Martin A. Kennedy
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical ScienceUniversity of OtagoChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Lana Cleland
- Department of Psychological MedicineUniversity of OtagoChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Jennifer Jordan
- Department of Psychological MedicineUniversity of OtagoChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Sarah Maguire
- Inside Out Institute for Eating DisordersSydneyAustralia,Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Jerry D. Guintivano
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Jessica H. Baker
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Laura M. Thornton
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Department of NutritionUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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